Контрольная работа Вариант 3

Задание 1. Прочитайте диалог. Заполните пропуски в тексте, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов. Будьте готовы прочитать диалог по ролям и перевести его при сдаче зачёта.

A job vacancy

Oleg was watching TV when the telephone rang. It was his American friend Dick Jones.

D: Oleg, I hope I'm not ^1___ too late. O: No, Dick, I was watching television. How are you? D: I'm fine. I'm calling you at such a late hour because there is good news for you. An hour ago, I spoke to a friend of mine. He's on the ^2___ at "A&B Instrument Company". They have an immediate ^3___ for a software programmer. They are looking for a specialist ^4___. I told my friend about you. He wants to know if you can come tomorrow for an ^5___. You shouldn't ^6___! O: Dick, you're absolutely right. I agree with you completely. I realize that I should see the ^7___; but what about my job at the gas station? D: Oh, come on. Don't tell them where you are going. Just tell your supervisor you have some ^8___ to attend to. Promise him to ^9___. O: That makes sense, Dick. But I'm a bit afraid because of my poor English. D: Stop worrying about it. All you have to do is to explain your^10___. You can do it perfectly well. You have to show your experience but not English stylistic subtleties. Even a few grammatical errors won't harm you. I'm sure you'll ^11___ with the interviewer. O: I hope so. I've ^12___ and I'm going to see the interviewer. D: Okay. Would you write down the ^13___? O: All right. I'm listening. D: 620 Broadway, 25th floor. Ask for the ^14___. Don't leave home without your ^15___. Good luck. O: Thank you, Dick.

in this field personal business interviewer calling Board of Directors previous experience feel at ease personnel department address miss this opportunity opening make up the time made up my mind resume interview

Задание 2. Прочитайте текст и выполните упражнения.

Transportation system of great britain

[1] Britain has historically been an innovator and world leader in many forms of transportation, from shipping to rail systems and aviation.

[2] Because Britain is an island, shipping has been important for centuries. The irregular coastlines of the British Isles provide many natural harbors, and Britain’s rivers have always been conducive to shipping. Seafaring skills were directly connected to Britain’s growth as a naval power. As early as the 16th century, Britain defeated Spain, its greatest rival at sea. In the 17th and 18th centuries, France was defeated, then Germany in the early 20th century. Prior to World War II, Britain had the largest merchant fleet in the world, a fleet that sailed throughout the vast British Empire and was protected by the Royal Navy. Britain continued to be the world leader in shipping until World War II, when submarine attacks by Germany sank many British vessels and the tremendous output of the American shipbuilding industry made the U.S. the world leader.

[3] Today, many British shipping firms operate under foreign flags to avoid the more stringent British shipping regulations, including higher wages for crews. Most British passenger shipping involves ferry trips to the continent of Europe or to Ireland. Tankers carrying oil and dry bulk cargo make up the majority of oceanic shipping. British ports were nationalized in the late 1940s, but in recent years, most have moved into the private sector or are governed by independent trusts. The most important port in the United Kingdom is London; other important commercial ports are at Forth in Scotland, Liverpool in western England, and Southampton and Dover in southern England.

[4] The railroad can be considered the child of the British coalmines because carts on tracks were used to haul coal. These precursors of the railroad were then combined with steam engines, which led to further technological innovations.

[5] The world’s first public railway was the Stockton and Darlington, which opened in 1825. A period of hectic railway building followed for the next quarter century as different companies competed to lay track. It was a massive undertaking that employed vast armies of laborers and altered the British landscape by digging through hills and constructing bridges and tunnels. In a short time, the basic network of Britain’s railways was in place.

[6] Over the next century, smaller railway companies were absorbed or merged into a few large companies. In 1948, the government nationalized the four remaining companies, and in the 1960s, they became the British Railways. In 1955, a modernization program began to replace steam trains with diesel and electric ones. The last steam locomotive was withdrawn in 1968. Around this time, intense competition from road transport made it necessary to cut operating costs, and many unprofitable branch railway lines closed.

[7] Railroads were part of the wave of privatization that took place in the early 1990s. The complicated procedure was based on the Railway Act of 1993. The infrastructure, including tracks and train operations, was put into the hands of Railtrack, a government-owned company that was privatized by selling stock to private investors. Passenger operations were split into 25 operating units. Each private firm was given the right to provide passenger service to a particular region of Britain. In 1995, freight operations in Britain were divided among private companies based in different parts of the country. The moves to fully privatize BR were highly contentious and generated considerable criticism within Britain.

[8] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there was a series of high-profile rail accidents in Britain. The accidents were blamed in part on the separation of ownership of rail and rolling stock and on the needs of privatized companies to provide shareholder income at the expense of passenger safety. After a crash in 2000 in Hertfordshire caused by faulty rails, the entire railway network was examined and track replaced, leading to severe delays to rail journeys for months. Railtrack was replaced in 2003 by Network Rail, a not-for-profit company.

[9] A railway tunnel beneath the English Channel was completed in 1993, connecting England and the European continent. The main Channel Tunnel, which is 50.4 km long, runs from Folkestone, England, to Calais, France. Trains carry both passengers and freight through the tunnel. At peak periods, the tunnel accommodates up to four passenger and four freight shuttle trains per hour in each direction. Motorists can drive their cars on and off the train. The trip through the tunnel takes about 35 minutes.

[10] Along with other industries, Britain’s airlines were nationalized after World War II and then were privatized in the late 1980s. British Airways is one of the world’s leading airlines and has one of the largest fleets in Europe. It was formed in 1974 by combining the two state-run airlines. Together with Air France, British Airways in 1976 introduced the first supersonic passenger service, using the Concorde aircraft. Concorde service was discontinued in 2003. Britain has numerous independent airlines, as well.

[11] London’s main airports, Heathrow and Gatwick, are among the world’s busiest centers for international travel. Heathrow handles more than 67 million passengers a year, and is the world’s busiest airport for international travel. There are nearly 150 other licensed civil airfields in Britain.

[12] About 90 % of all passenger travel in Britain is by road, and primarily by private car rather than public transportation. By the turn of the 21st century, nearly two-thirds of all households had one automobile, and some had two or more. The unstoppable growth in passenger cars was paralleled by rising public concern about the environmental effects of increased traffic and especially concern about air pollution. In 1994, the government slowed its road-building program. The move was in part a response to research findings that tended to confirm environmentalists’ claims that the main effect of building new roads and motorways had been to encourage extra traffic and not, as intended, to improve the flow of existing traffic. Road building began to pick up again in the early 2000s. The Transport Act of 2000 gave local authorities the power to charge drivers for use of the roads in an effort to reduce congestion. In 2003, London motorists began to pay for the privilege of driving into the center of the city.

Упр. 1. Письменно переведите абзацы 5, 6 и 7.

Упр. 2. Прочитайте текст и найдите английские эквиваленты следующих фраз:

1. морская держава

2. торговый флот

3. навалочный [насыпной, бестарный] груз

4. железная дорога общего пользования

5. время активного строительства железных дорог

6. эксплуатационные расходы

7. подъездная железная дорога

8. продажа акций частным инвесторам

9. некоммерческая компания

10. железнодорожный тоннель под Ла-Маншем

11. состав, курсирующий на коротком участке пути; "кукушка"; "челнок"

12. сверхзвуковой самолёт

13. к началу 21 века

14. растущая озабоченность общества, касающаяся...

15. влияние на окружающую среду

Упр. 3. Прочитайте текст. После каждого из приведенных ниже предложений напишите "True", если оно соответствует содержанию текста, и "False", если вы не согласны с данным утверждением.

1. Prior to World War I, Britain had the largest locomotive fleet in the world, a fleet that sailed throughout the vast French Empire and was protected by the Royal Navy.

2. The moves to fully privatize BR were highly contentious and generated considerable criticism all over the world.

3. The Channel Tunnel, which is 30.4 km long, runs from Folkestone, France, to Calais, England.

4. At peak periods, the tunnel accommodates up to four passenger and four freight shuttle trains per hour in each direction.

5. Along with other industries, Britain’s airlines were privatized after World War II and then were nationalized in the late 1980s.

6. About 90 % of all passenger travel in Britain is by road, and primarily by private car rather than public transportation.

7. By the turn of the 21st century, nearly two-thirds of all households had one truck, and some had two or more helicopters.

Упр. 4. Выберите вариант, синонимичный выделенному слову или словосочетанию, и письменно переведите предложения.

1. As early as the 16th century, Britain defeated Spain, its greatest rival at sea.

A. companion in armsC. associate

B. competitor D. ally

2. Tankers carrying oil and dry bulk cargo make up the majority of oceanic shipping.

A. departingC. moving

B. producingD. constructing

3. British ports were nationalized in the late 1940s, but in recent years, most have moved into the private sector or are governed by independent trusts.

A. boughtC. controlled

B. installedD. repaired

4. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, there was a series of rail accidents in Britain.

A. derailmentsC. replacement

B. renewalD. crashes

5. After a crash in 2000 in Hertfordshire caused by faulty rails, the entire railway network was examined and track replaced, leading to severe delays to rail journeys for months.

A. damagedC. third

B. flawlessD. long-welded

6. A railway tunnel beneath the English Channel was completed in 1993, connecting England and the European continent.

A. haulingC. linking

B. leadingD. including

7. In 2003, London motorists began to pay for the privilege of driving into the city center.

A. assistanceC. convenience

B. opportunityD. advantage

Упр. 5. Из приведенных ниже предложений выберите и переведите то, которое более всего соответствует утверждению в рамке.

1. The unstoppable growth in passenger cars was paralleled by rising public concern about the environmental effects of increased traffic and especially concern about air pollution.

1. The number of automobiles is constantly growing now.

2. People concern about environmental pollution because of increased traffic.

3. Public concern about air contamination is rising.

2. The railroad can be considered the child of the British coalmines because carts on tracks were used to haul coal.

1. Britain was the first country in the world to construct the railway.

2. Carts on tracks are used for carrying coal in the British coalmines.

3. The precursors of the railroad were rail tracks laid down for carrying coal in the British mines.

Упр. 6. В данных ниже предложениях одному из слов соответствует выделенная курсивом фраза. Укажите это слово. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Britain has historically been an innovator and world leader in many forms of transportation, from shipping to rail systems and aviation.

• someone who introduces changes and new ideas

1. Today, many British shipping firms operate under foreign flags to avoid the more stringent British shipping regulations, including higher wages for crews.

• payment in return for work or services, especially that made to workmen on a daily, hourly, weekly, or piece-work basis

1. Railway building changed the British landscape by digging through hills and constructing bridges and tunnels.

• a structure built over a river, road etc that allows people or vehicles to cross from one side to the other

1. British Airways, one of the world’s leading airlines, was formed in 1974 by combining the two state-run airlines.

• relating to the government and the services it provides for people

1. Together with Air France, British Airways in 1976 introduced the first supersonic passenger service, using the Concorde aircraft.

• faster than the speed of sound

1. Heathrow handles more than 67 million passengers a year, and is the world’s busiest airport for international travel.

• a place where planes take off and land, with buildings for passengers to wait in

1. The Transport Act of 2000 gave local authorities the power to charge drivers for use of the roads in an effort to reduce traffic jams.

• a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or can only move very slowly

Упр. 7. Из четырёх предложенных вариантов выберите правильный ответ на вопрос.

1. Why has shipping been important for centuries in Britain?

   1. because Britain has the largest merchant fleet in the world

   2. because Britain is an island

   3. because the irregular coastlines of the British Isles provide many natural harbors

   4. because Britain’s rivers have always been conducive to shipping

2. What country became the world leader in shipping after World War II?

   1. Britain

   2. Germany

   3. U.S.

   4. Russia

3. When was a period of hectic railway building in Britain?

   1. in the 17^th century

   2. in the 18^th century

   3. in the 19^th century

   4. in the 20^th century

4. What was the aim of a program put into practice by the British Railways in 1955?

   1. to renew signaling equipment;

   2. to replace the worn-out rails and sleepers;

   3. to upgrade professional skills of locomotive drivers and their mates;

   4. to replace steam trains with diesel and electric ones.

5. What means of transport is mainly used for carrying passengers in Britain?

   1. automobile

   2. train

   3. airplane

   4. ship