Контрольная работа Вариант 4

Задание 1. Прочитайте диалог. Заполните пропуски в тексте, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов. Будьте готовы прочитать диалог по ролям и перевести его при сдаче зачёта.

Looking for a job

Here is a talk between two acquaintances:

A: So, Bruce, when you ^1___ your job, how long did it take you to find another job? B: Well, not too long compared with some people. Just six months. I had to send 700 ^2___. A: Seven hundred ^3___ in six months. That's incredible! B: Well, it's only about four applications a day. A: And what was your job before that? B: Well, you see, I worked as a police officer in the early 1990. Then I worked as ^4___ for a small ^5___. But the company closed because of heavy ^6___ and I lost the job. A: And where are you working now? B: I've got a job in Rochester Telephone. I'm in the ^7___. I develop ^8___ for phone services. A: How long have you been working there now? B: Just two months. It's great to be employed again! A: Bruce, and what ^9___ would you give to someone who is looking for a job? B: Well, firstly – attack the problem ^10___. Don't go on a long holiday – it won't help you ^11___. A: That's right. So work full-time on looking for a job. B: Yes, but at the same time – relax occasionally. Go to the beach, have lunch with friends, go to the gym – you need a break from time to time, even when you are ^12___. A: Useful advice. Any more? B: Yes. It's nice to meet people who are ^13___ as you – other unemployed people. You realize you are not the only unemployed person in town, and you can give each other some good ideas. A: So you should meet people in the same position. Anything else? B: Yes. Don't apply for a job if you don't like it – be selective. If you go for an ^14___ for a job you don't want – you are stupid. You won't get it. A: Very true. What about friends and colleagues? B: Yes, they can be very useful. Talk to them ^15___. That's how I got my present job, I learned about it from my friend.

as often as possible new markets job applications advice in the same situation Sales Manager resumes immediately unemployed to find a job lost interview competition manufacturing firm Marketing Department

Задание 2.. Прочитайте текст и выполните упражнения.

Transportation system of france

[1] The transportation sector has within its framework such dynamic companies as the National Society of French Railways (SNCF), the state-owned railways operator, and Air France and Air Inter, both national airlines. Closely allied are manufacturers of transport equipment and the civil engineering concerns responsible for constructing new infrastructure. Generally, France benefits from a dense and diversified transport network, limited only by its still excessive focus upon the capital city. For land-based movements, the road network has become increasingly important. For example, well over half of all freight traffic, in terms of the volume and distance of goods moved, goes by road. This dominance has been achieved at the expense of railways and inland waterways.

[2] Traffic on the highways has more than doubled since 1970, about one-fifth of the vehicles being commercial. An extensive road system has developed to deal with increasingly heavy traffic conditions. However, only a small proportion of this network consists of main trunk roads and motorways. In the latter case, motorway construction began much later than in neighboring countries, and it was not until the mid-1960s that a major development program was underway. To speed progress, building concessions were granted to private and semiprivate companies, which, in return for their investment, were authorized to levy tolls. Since that period, the major radial routes from the capital have been completed, as well as embryonic regional networks focusing on large urban centers, such as Paris, Lyon, Marseille, and Lille. Traffic is heavily concentrated on the main north-south axis between these cities. In extending the system, emphasis has been placed on improving international links and in developing national routes avoiding Paris, as between Calais and Tours and Bordeaux and Clermont-Ferrand. Numerous rural roads and lanes supplement the main system.

[3] The present rail network was largely in place by the end of the 19th century, dominated by the main lines radiating from Paris. Since World War II, many little-used rural sections have been closed. In contrast, since the early 1980s, certain new lines have been opened in conjunction with the introduction of high-speed passenger trains (TGV) between Paris and a number of provincial cities. These offer substantial reductions in journey times. Southeastern France was the first area to be provided with such services, reflecting the already high density of traffic between Paris, Lyon, and the Mediterranean coast. Services are also in operation, or planned, to western and northern France, with longer-term plans to serve eastern regions and to prolong the existing TGV track between Paris and Lyon to Marseille. International services also exist, to Geneva and Lausanne, for example, and Britain and France are being connected by rail through the Channel Tunnel, the world's longest undersea tunneling project. The TGV network alone accounts for more than one-fifth of main-line passenger traffic and has attracted new customers to the railways. Generally, however, the number of passengers using rail services has grown only slowly, reflecting the competition from the private car and rival air services. Traffic is heavily concentrated along the main, electrified radial routes from the capital, particularly in the direction of southeastern France. Freight traffic has declined, partly as demand for products such as coal, iron, and oil, traditionally carried by rail, has fallen and partly because of intense competition from road haulers. Like passenger traffic, freight movements are concentrated along the main radial routes, as well as along the lines linking the industrial centers of northern and northeastern France.

[4] Despite the presence of major rivers such as the Seine, Rhine, and Rhône, inland waterways carry little freight. Although still used to transport goods such as construction materials and agricultural and oil products, their role has progressively declined in the face of cheaper and faster alternatives. Traffic has also been lost due to the reduced inland movement of heavy raw materials and fuel products and to an inefficiently organized industry with too many small-barge operators. The uneven and disjointed pattern of the waterways further restricts use. Less than a third of the commercial waterway system is of European standard gauge; moreover, the principal river and canal systems remain unconnected for the passage of large barges, so that no truly national or international network exists.

[5] France is served by a large number of maritime ports, reflecting not only its extensive coastline but also its importance as a trading nation; some 60 percent of French foreign tonnage passes through its seaports. However, as in other Western countries, France's merchant fleet has steadily shrunk, due largely to the difficulty of competing with lower-cost carriers. Freight traffic, consisting mostly of imports, is concentrated in a limited number of ports, principally Marseille and Le Havre. This imbalance is partly explained by the still-sizable quantities of crude oil that are unloaded. Passenger traffic is less important but is dominated by cross-channel movements that are heavily concentrated on the port of Calais.

[6] Air freight and passenger traffic have expanded rapidly; airport passenger traffic in particular almost doubled from 1977 to 1987. Like other forms of transport, air traffic centers around Paris. The capital's two major airports (Roissy [Charles de Gaulle] and Orly) represent the second largest airport complex in western Europe (after London), handling two-thirds of all French passenger traffic. Other French airports are far less important. Nevertheless, the country has a comprehensive network of local and regional airports, reflecting the importance played by internal air traffic, a situation favored by France's extensive land area. The majority of routes, however, are between provincial towns and cities and the capital, rather than between regional centers, reemphasizing the persistent centralization of economic activity and decision making in France. Nice and Marseille are the busiest regional air centers and, along with Lyon, Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Strasbourg, are the only provincial airports to have significant international traffic.

Упр. 1. Письменно переведите 3 абзац текста.

Упр. 2. Прочитайте текст и найдите английские эквиваленты следующих фраз:

1. принадлежащий государству

2. тесно связанный

3. гражданское строительство

4. перевозимые товары

5. в последнем случае

6. особое внимание уделяется

7. дороги в сельской местности

8. перевозки внутри страны

9. сырьё

10. более дешевые транспортные средства

11. большое количество сырой нефти

12. в частности

13. второй по величине комплекс аэропортов

14. гораздо меньше

15. всеобъемлющая сеть

Упр. 3. Прочитайте текст. После каждого из приведенных ниже предложений напишите "True", если оно соответствует содержанию текста, и "False", если вы не согласны с данным утверждением.

1. Traffic in France is now twice heavier than in 1970.

2. Over half of all freight traffic, in terms of the volume and distance of goods moved, goes by trains and airplanes.

3. Due to the presence of major rivers such as the Seine, Rhine, and Rhône, inland waterways are increasingly used for transporting various types of freight nowadays.

4. Air traffic was slowly developing in the 1980s.

5. Two major airports located near Paris represent the first largest airport complex in eastern Europe (after Moscow).

6. Two-thirds of all French passenger traffic is handled by railways.

7. In France, the majority of air routes connect regional centers.

Упр. 4. Выберите вариант, синонимичный выделенному слову или словосочетанию, и письменно переведите предложения.

1. The transportation sector has within its framework such dynamic companies as the SNCF and Air France and Air Inter.

A. staffC. structure

B. territoryD. activities

2. Over half of all freight traffic, in terms of the volume and distance of goods moved, goes by road.

A. trainsC. passengers

B. vehiclesD. commodities being transported

3. Only a small proportion of this network consists of main trunk roads and motorways.

A. railwaysC. subways

B. tunnelsD. highways

4. In extending the system, emphasis has been placed on improving international links and in developing national routes avoiding Paris.

A.promotingC.providing with machinery

B. making largerD. increasing

5. Numerous rural roads and lanes supplement the main system.

A. are an addition toC. improvement

B. make it possibleD. comprise

6. Traffic has also been lost due to the reduced inland movement of heavy raw materials and fuel products and to an inefficiently organized industry with too many small-barge operators.

A. workersC. transport companies

B. shipsD. river ports

7. Air freight and passenger traffic have expanded rapidly.

A. movedC. decreased

B. increased their volumeD. improved their activities

Упр. 5. Из приведенных ниже предложений выберите и переведите то, которое более всего соответствует утверждению в рамке.

1. In France, motorway construction began much later than in neighboring countries, and it was not until the mid-1960s that a major development program was underway.

1. In neighboring countries, motorway construction began in mid-1960s.

2. Only in mid-1960s, motorway construction in France was in progress.

3. A major development program of motorway construction was not completed until mid-1960s.

2. Although still used to transport construction materials as well as agricultural and oil products, the rivers’ role has progressively declined in the face of cheaper and faster alternatives.

1. Used to transport construction materials as well as agricultural and oil products, water transport is making good progress.

2. Waterways are used to transport goods because they are cheaper and faster.

3. Waterways are underused because they cannot compete with cheaper and faster means of transport such as railways and trucking.

Упр. 6. В данных ниже предложениях одному из слов соответствует выделенная курсивом фраза. Укажите это слово. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Generally, France benefits from a dense and diversified transport network, limited only by its still excessive focus upon the capital city.

• exceeding what is usual or necessary

1. For land-based movements, the road network has become increasingly important.

• a system of lines, roads etc that cross each other and are connected to each other

1. Traffic is heavily concentrated on the main north-south axis between such cities as Paris, Lyon, Marseille, and Lille.

• a line round which a turning object spins

1. France is served by a large number of maritime ports, reflecting not only its extensive coastline but also its importance as a trading nation.

• the activity of buying and selling goods or services

1. Passenger traffic is less important but is dominated by cross-channel movements that are heavily concentrated on the port of Calais.

• the movement of people or goods by aircraft, ships, or trains

1. The country has a comprehensive network of local and regional airports, reflecting the importance played by internal air traffic.

• a place where planes take off and land, with buildings for passengers to wait in

1. Nice and Marseille are the busiest regional air centers and, along with Lyon, Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Strasbourg, are the only provincial airports to have significant international traffic.

• full of activity, engaged in work

Упр. 7. Из четырёх предложенных вариантов выберите правильный ответ на вопрос.

1. Why has an extensive road system developed?

1. because rail transportation was not efficient

2. to increase the number of vehicles

3. to deal with increasingly heavy traffic conditions

4. because road construction was not expensive

2. Why were road building concessions granted to private and semiprivate companies?

1. because they were authorized to levy tolls

2. to attract investment

3. because a major development program was underway

4. to increase the speed of the vehicles.

3. Why is the use of waterways further restricted?

1. to reduce inland movement

2. to comply with the European standard gauge

3. because the inland traffic is too heavy

4. because of their uneven and disjointed pattern

4. Why is there no truly national or international waterway network?

1. because there are no waterways of the European standard gauge

2. because there is no passage of large barges

3. because there is no connection between rivers and canals

4. because there is no commercial waterway system

5. Why has France’s merchant fleet steadily shrunk?

1. because of competition with lower-cost carriers

2. because of other Western countries

3. because some 60 percent of French foreign tonnage passes through its seaports

4. because of the limited number of seaports