- •Вазорати маориф ва илмии љумњурии тољикистон
- •1St course - 1st term
- •1.1.My school
- •1.2.My future profession
- •1.3.My hobby
- •1.4.English language
- •1.5.English writers
- •1.6.Dushanbe is the capital of tajikstan
- •1.7.My flat
- •1.8. My favourite writer
- •1.9.My favorite sport
- •1St course - 2nd term
- •1.10. My best friend (дугонаи беҳтарини ман)
- •1.11.My best friend (рафиқи беҳтарини ман)
- •1.12.American and british families
- •1.13.American customs and traditions
- •1.14.American holidays
- •1.15.Animals and pets
- •1.16.At the theatre
- •1.17.Big ben
- •2.2. Great britain
- •2.3. New year's day
- •2.4.Holidays, travel and tourism
- •2.5.Holidays in great britain
- •2.6.Home is where the heart is
- •2.7. I have a dream to be a doctor
- •2.8. I like to travel
- •2.9. Moscow
- •2.10. Learning foreign languages
- •2.11. Meals
- •2Nd course - 2nd term
- •2.12. Pets
- •2.13. Places to visit in london
- •2.14. Radio and tv in my life
- •2.15. About myself
- •2.16. A tea-party
- •2.17. Care of health
- •Did you know all that? And here is an Arabian proverb about health: "He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything."
- •2.18. Christmas day
- •2.19. Cinema
- •2.20. Choosing a career
- •2.21. Customs and traditions
- •2.22. Sport and a healthy mode of life
- •3Rd course - 1st term
- •3.1. London
- •3.2. Grandparents. A blessing or a burden
- •3.3. Fast food
- •3.4. Computer (history)
- •3.5. Canada
- •3.6. British parliament
- •3.7. Art
- •3.8. Education in the usa
- •Higher education institutions in usa
- •3.9. Jack london
- •3.10. New york city
- •3.11. Entertainment
- •3.12. New zealand
- •3.13. Role of women in society
- •3.14. Russian federation (russia)
- •3Rd course – 2nd term
- •3.15. Seasons
- •No doubt, the teens' problems will increase. And young people should fell that they are cared for.
- •3.17. The history of london
- •3.18. The mass media Newspapers
- •Television and radio
- •3.19. Why do we learn the english language
- •3.20. William caxton
- •3.21. William shakespeare
- •3.22. Advantages and disadvantages of computer
- •3.23. Advertisement
- •3.24. Sports in great britain
- •3.25. Un peace-keeping forces.
- •3.26. United states of america
- •3.27. Global warming
- •3.28. Agatha christie
- •4Th course - 1st term
- •4.1. Cambridge university
- •4.2. Declaration of independence
- •Virginia:
- •4.3. Ecology
- •4.4. E-commerce
- •4.5.History of basketball
- •4.6. Industrial revolution
- •Its Effects
- •4.7. Modern music
- •4.8. Olympic games
- •4.9. Ozone layer
- •4.10. Paris
- •4.11. Religion
- •4.12. Science
- •4.13. Shopping
- •4.14. The beatles
- •4.15. The british museum
- •4.16. The british parliament
- •4Th course - 2nd term
- •4.17. The commonwealth of australia
- •4.18. The political system of the usa
- •4.19. The protection of the environment
- •4.20. The renaissance
- •4.21. The united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland
- •4.22. Transport
- •4.23. Us congress
- •4.24. Valentine's day
- •Valentine
- •Valentine's Day in the usa
- •Valentine's Day in Other Cultures
- •4.25. Visit to a doctor
- •4.28. White house
- •4.29. Why do we learn the english language
- •4.30. Youth problems
- •4.31. Foreign relations and armed forces of the uk
- •4.32. Languages and religion in the united kingdom
- •Motivational stories a mother's love
- •Are you sincere friend?
- •Wind or sun – who wins?
- •When you just think of you!
- •The touchstone
- •Life throws a brick at you
- •God has been good to me
- •Why it is so hard to let go
- •Law of the garbage truck
- •Don’t hope,…decide!
- •Helpless love
- •The important things in life
- •It is the little things that make a big difference
- •The midas touch
- •The lark and her young ones
- •Self confidence
- •Shake it off
- •Unique flaw
- •Kill ego and save love
- •An office boy
- •It is you…
- •What makes all the difference in your effort!!
- •The exercise of other
- •The shipwreck
- •What goes around comes around
- •The gift
- •The big rocks
- •The barber who didn't believe
- •The law of the garbage truck
- •The apple tree
- •Be patient
- •Hospital windows
- •The beloved man
- •Stone soup
- •Buying time
- •Why are you crying?
- •Problems
- •The secret of happiness
- •The task
- •Friendship
- •Heaven and hell
- •Secret of turning earth into gold
- •Victimization by past
- •Teacher attitude
- •Puzzle pieces
- •The 99 club
- •You are unique
- •Every success story is also a story of great failure
4.4. E-commerce
There exists no exact definition of e-commerce. Generally it is described as any kind of business transaction where information is exchanged electronically.
To some people it means shopping at a website and buying products online, to other people it means just designing a web page in a way to increase the customers' interest. It does not necessarily describe a process of ordering and paying online. Electronic trading, in which a supplier provides goods or services to a customer in return for payment is just one special case of electronic commerce. Other equally valid examples include internal transactions within a single company or provision of information to an external organization without any charge.
E-commerce is concerned with attracting new customers and therefore it involves advertising, public relations and collecting information for and about customers.
It's not enough to get an online order for a product, it's also necessary to have this product and to deliver it to the customer. So e-commerce includes, besides of interacting with customers electronically, all the things a "normal" business would also need.
Categories of E-Commerce
There are 3 categories of e-commerce:
- business-to-business (B2B)
- business-to-consumer (B2C)
- business-to-administration
- consumer-to-administration
An example in the business-to-business category would be a company that uses an electronic way for ordering from its suppliers, receiving invoices and making payments. The business-to-consumer category means selling things to consumers via Internet. It is the most well-known form of e-commerce. The business-to-administration category covers all transactions between companies and government organizations. The same category exists for consumers and administration, though it is rather seldom.
As the B2C category is the most popular one, we will talk about it.
Advantages of E-Commerce
The following list describes of what may be the main advantages of e-
commerce:
- lower transaction costs (if an e-commerce site is organized well, you won't even need any office equipment – however, it is rather seldom)
- availability (people from everywhere and at any time of the day can visit your site, get information and put orders)
- large quantity of information (a company can build a very large catalogue with a lot of information on the web)
- providing "up-to-date" information (you can update your site quickly and make important information available in time)
- comparing prices and products - quickness (the customers' orders and enquiries can be handled immediately)
Disadvantages of E-Commerce
There are a lot of hard aspects about e-commerce as the recent failures in this branch show:
- making people to visit your site (getting traffic to come to your web site)
- how do you make yourself different from a (large) competition
- getting people to buy something at your site (people usually feel VERY uneasy about buying via Internet)
- you still need money (capital) to maintain your system and provide an effective customer support
So e-commerce does not mean that you can make profits easier than in a "normal" business. You have to manage all the activities concerned with marketing, finance, distribution, purchase and public relations.
These problems are the most relevant ones as competition grows all the time and people still try to avoid buying online. Stories about hackers using your credit card number or even large companies making losses in trying themselves in e-commerce – all this makes people even more skeptical about buying anything online.
However, this problems are also common in the old economy. So there are a few other hard aspects about e-commerce:
- legality (concerning international e-commerce companies; business contracts are defined differently by law in every country)
- ownership (the copyright problem is a very big one)
- privacy and security