9.Великобританияѝявляетсяѝединственнойѝстраной,ѝкотораяѝимеетѝзаконодателей,ѝобладающейѝнаследственнойѝвластью.ѝ

10.Монархѝ наѝ практикеѝ обладаетѝ лишьѝ слабымѝ подобиемѝ вето,ѝ котороеѝнаѝпрактикеѝдавноѝнеѝприменялось.ѝ

Reading

Before you read, answer and debate the following questions.

TheѝUnitedѝKingdomѝofѝGreatѝBritainѝandѝNorthernѝIrelandѝisѝtheѝonlyѝ countryѝthatѝhasѝlegislativeѝandѝjudicialѝbranchesѝofѝpowerѝjoinedѝtogether.ѝDoѝyouѝknowѝhow?ѝIsѝthisѝgoodѝorѝbad,ѝinѝyourѝopinion?ѝ

Exercise 1 Analyze the chart below.

HOUSE OF LORDS

COURT OF APPEAL

Civil Division

Criminal Division

HIGH COURT

Queen's Bench Division

Chancery Division

Family Division

CROWN COURT

COUNTY COURT

Magistrates Court

Magistrates Court

Exercise 2 Read the text.

The Courts in the UK

TheѝCrownѝCourtsѝdealѝexclusivelyѝwithѝcriminalѝmatters,ѝtheѝCountyѝ Courtsѝ—ѝwithѝcivil.ѝHowever,ѝtheѝQueen'sѝBenchѝDivisionѝofѝtheѝHighѝ Courtѝconsidersѝappealsѝfromѝlowerѝcriminalѝcourts,ѝasѝwellѝasѝcivilѝmatters,ѝandѝtheѝMagistratesѝCourts,ѝwhileѝmostlyѝconcernedѝwithѝcriminalѝ cases,ѝalsoѝdealѝwithѝsomeѝcivilѝmatters.ѝTheѝhighestѝcourt,ѝtheѝHouseѝofѝ Lords,ѝ dealsѝ withѝ allѝ mattersѝ (includingѝ appealsѝ fromѝ Scottishѝ andѝ NorthernѝIrishѝcourts).ѝ

AѝcriminalѝcaseѝusuallyѝbeginsѝinѝaѝMagistrates'ѝCourt.ѝEachѝtownѝhasѝaѝ magistrates'ѝcourtѝcommonlyѝknownѝasѝaѝPoliceѝCourt.ѝSuchѝcourtsѝconsistѝofѝtwoѝtoѝsevenѝmagistratesѝknownѝasѝjusticesѝofѝtheѝpeace.ѝTheyѝareѝ oftenѝwithoutѝlegalѝtrainingѝandѝknowledgeѝofѝtheѝlaw.ѝInѝsomeѝcasesѝtheyѝ areѝadvisedѝbyѝaѝClerkѝofѝtheѝCourt,ѝaѝtrainedѝlawyer.ѝAѝMagistrates'ѝCourtѝ

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isѝinѝsessionѝtwiceѝeachѝweekѝAsѝtheѝlowestѝcriminalѝcourt,ѝaѝMagistrates'ѝ Courtѝisѝempoweredѝtoѝhearѝcertainѝcasesѝonly.ѝSomeѝminorѝcases,ѝsuchѝ asѝparkingѝviolations,ѝareѝdealtѝwithѝonlyѝbyѝtheѝmagistrates.ѝSomeѝseriousѝ crimes,ѝlikeѝmurder,ѝmustѝgoѝtoѝtheѝCrownѝCourts.ѝAndѝthereѝareѝsomeѝ offencesѝwhereѝtheѝdefendantѝisѝgivenѝtheѝchoiceѝofѝhavingѝhisѝcaseѝheardѝ inѝtheѝMagistrates'ѝCourtѝorѝtheѝCrownѝCourt.ѝInѝtheѝCrownѝCourt,ѝcasesѝ areѝdecidedѝbyѝaѝjury,ѝthatѝis,ѝordinaryѝmembersѝofѝtheѝpublic.ѝ

Inѝ aѝ Crownѝ Courtѝ trialѝ thereѝ areѝ twelveѝ jurors.ѝ Theseѝ areѝ ordinaryѝ membersѝofѝtheѝpublicѝbetweenѝtheѝagesѝofѝ18ѝandѝ70ѝwhoѝareѝselectedѝ atѝrandom.ѝѝ

AѝdefendantѝfoundѝguiltyѝmayѝappealѝtoѝtheѝlocalѝCrownѝCourtѝorѝtoѝtheѝ Queen'sѝBenchѝDivision.ѝAppealsѝfromѝtheѝCrownѝCourtѝgoѝfirstѝtoѝtheѝ HighѝCourtѝand,ѝinѝspecialѝcases,ѝtoѝtheѝCourtѝofѝAppeals.ѝ

MembersѝofѝtheѝHouseѝofѝLords,ѝtheѝLawѝLordsѝonly,ѝsitѝasѝaѝcourtѝofѝ appeal,ѝandѝtheirѝdecisionsѝonѝbothѝcriminalѝandѝcivilѝmattersѝareѝbindingѝuponѝallѝotherѝcourts.ѝ

Vocabulary

criminalѝmattersѝѝ	уголовныеѝдела,ѝвопросыѝ
magistrateѝ	судьяѝ
justiceѝofѝtheѝpeaceѝѝ	мировойѝсудьяѝ
toѝadviseѝѝ	советоватьѝ
toѝbeѝempoweredѝ	бытьѝуполномоченнымѝ
minorѝcasesѝѝ	незначительныеѝдела,ѝделаѝмалойѝтяжестиѝ
defendantѝѝ	подсудимыйѝ
jurorsѝѝ	членыѝсудаѝприсяжныхѝ
atѝrandomѝѝ	случайноѝ
appealѝѝ	апелляцияѝ
bindingѝ	обязательныйѝ

Exercise 3 Use the verbs in brackets in appropriate forms.

1.ѝProsecutionѝinѝtheѝUKѝ____ѝ(toѝinitiate)ѝandѝconductedѝbyѝtheѝpolice.ѝ 2.ѝPoliceѝcourtsѝinѝtownsѝ_____________ѝ(toѝhear)ѝlessѝseriousѝcases.ѝ

3.ѝPoliceѝcourtsѝ________ѝ(toѝconsist)ѝofѝ2—7ѝjusticesѝofѝtheѝpeaceѝwhoѝ

_________ѝ(toѝbe)ѝoftenѝwithoutѝlegalѝtraining.ѝ 4.ѝInѝsomeѝcasesѝtheѝmagistratesѝ__________ѝ(toѝadvise)ѝbyѝClerksѝofѝtheѝCourt.ѝ 5.ѝAѝmagistrates»ѝcourtѝ________ѝ(toѝbe)ѝinѝsessionѝtwoѝtimesѝaѝweek.ѝ

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Exercise 4 Choose the correct form of the verbs.

1.ѝIfѝaѝpersonѝbreaksѝtheѝlawѝheѝmustѝbring/beѝbroughtѝfirstѝbeforeѝaѝmagistrates»ѝcourt.ѝ

2.ѝAѝmagistrates'ѝcourtѝhasѝtheѝpowerѝtoѝfine/toѝbeѝfinedѝpeopleѝupѝtoѝ100ѝpounds.ѝ 3.ѝAѝmagistrates'ѝcourtѝcanѝalsoѝsend/beѝsentѝpeopleѝtoѝprisonѝforѝupѝtoѝsixѝmonths.ѝ 4.ѝIfѝaѝcaseѝisѝtooѝseriousѝitѝsends/isѝsentѝtoѝtheѝCrownѝCourt.ѝ 5.ѝIfѝthereѝareѝanyѝappealsѝtheyѝsend/areѝsentѝtoѝtheѝCourtѝofѝAppeals.ѝ

6.ѝAppealsѝonѝveryѝseriousѝcasesѝconsider/areѝconsideredѝbyѝtheѝHouseѝofѝ LordsѝCourtѝofѝAppeals.ѝ

Exercise 5 Insert appropriate prepositions.

1.ѝTheѝQueen'sѝBenchѝDivisionѝofѝtheѝHighѝCourtѝconsidersѝappealsѝ

___ѝlowerѝcriminalѝcourts,ѝ_____ѝcivilѝmatters.ѝ 2.ѝMinorѝcasesѝareѝdealtѝ_____ѝonlyѝ______ѝtheѝmagistrates.ѝ 3.ѝInѝtheѝCrownѝCourtѝcasesѝareѝdecidedѝ______aѝjury.ѝ

4.ѝJurorsѝareѝordinaryѝmembersѝ_____ѝtheѝpublicѝ_____ѝagesѝ18ѝandѝ70ѝ whoѝareѝselectedѝ____ѝrandom.ѝ

5.ѝAppealsѝ____ѝtheѝCrownѝCourtѝgoѝfirstѝ_____ѝtheѝHighѝCourtѝand,ѝ

____ѝspecialѝcases,ѝ____ѝtheѝCourtѝ___ѝAppeals.ѝ

6.ѝTheѝHouseѝ____ѝLordsѝdecisionsѝ_____ѝcriminalѝandѝcivilѝmattersѝareѝ bindingѝ____ѝallѝlowerѝcourts.ѝ

Exercise 6 Answer these questions.

1.ѝWhichѝcourtsѝdealѝwithѝcriminalѝmatters?ѝ 2.ѝWhichѝcourtsѝdealѝwithѝcivilѝcases?ѝ 3.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝhighestѝcourtѝofѝtheѝUnitedѝKingdom?ѝ 4.ѝWhatѝkindsѝofѝcasesѝisѝaѝMagistrates’ѝCourtѝempoweredѝtoѝhear?ѝ 5.ѝInѝwhichѝcourtsѝareѝcasesѝdecidedѝbyѝaѝjury?ѝWhereѝnot?ѝ 6.ѝHowѝareѝjurorsѝselected?ѝ 7.ѝWhatѝcanѝyouѝsayѝaboutѝtheѝsystemѝofѝappeals?ѝ 8.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝhighestѝCourtѝofѝAppeals?ѝ 9.ѝWhatѝisѝtheѝfunctionѝofѝaѝClerkѝofѝtheѝCourt?ѝ

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Exercise 7 Complete this chart.

	Verbѝ	Nounѝ		Adjectiveѝ/ѝParticipleѝ1,2ѝ
		thingѝ	personѝ
	toѝappealѝ	appealѝ	appellantѝ	appealingѝ/ѝappealedѝ
	ѝ	ѝ	judgeѝ	ѝ
	ѝ	decisionѝ	ѝ	ѝ
	toѝmurderѝ	ѝ	ѝ	ѝ
	ѝ	ѝ	defendantѝ	ѝ

Over to you

«Legal cases are best tried by professional judges, not by ordinary members of the public». Write a paragraph containing two points for and two against this statement. Then discuss your answer with other your groupmates.

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Lesson 9

GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

«Americansѝareѝaѝnationѝbornѝofѝanѝidea;ѝnotѝ theѝ place,ѝ butѝ theѝ idea,ѝ createdѝ theѝ Unitedѝ StatesѝGovernment.»ѝ

TheodoreѝH.ѝWhite,ѝanѝAmericanѝѝ politicalѝjournalistѝ

Starting up

Study the following.

	judicialѝ	judgeѝ	judgmentѝ
	1)ѝсудебный;ѝ	судья:ѝ	1)ѝсудебноеѝразбирательство,ѝпро-
	законныйѝjudi-	circuitѝjudgeѝ—ѝѝ	цессѝѝ
	cialѝprocessesѝѝ
		окружнойѝсудьяѝѝ	2)ѝприговор,ѝрешение,ѝзаключе-
	2)ѝсудейский;ѝ
		districtѝjudgeѝ—ѝ	ниеѝсуда:ѝjudgementѝfor/againstѝ(de-
	принятыйѝсу-		fendant/plaintiff)ѝ—ѝрешениеѝвѝ
		федеральныйѝ
	домѝ		пользу/противѝ(ответчика/истца)ѝ
		районныйѝсудьяѝ
	judicialѝdecisionѝ		finalѝjudgementѝ—ѝокончательноеѝ
		ѝ
	—ѝсудебныйѝ	ѝ	решениеѝ
	приговорѝ		ѝ
		ѝ
	ѝ		ѝ
	judicialѝbranchѝofѝ	toѝjudgeѝсудить,ѝ	judiciaryѝзаконный,ѝсудебный:ѝju-
	powerѝсудебнаяѝ	выноситьѝприго-	diciaryѝlaw,ѝfederalѝjudiciaryѝ
	ветвьѝвластиѝ	вор

Exercise 1 Translate these examples into Russian.

1.ѝTheѝjudgeѝsentencedѝherѝtoѝ12ѝmonthsѝimprisonment.ѝ 2.ѝHeѝpassedѝjudgmentѝonѝtheѝguiltyѝman.ѝ 3.ѝWhoѝwillѝjudgeѝtheѝnextѝcase?ѝ 4.ѝPoliticalѝinterferenceѝandѝcorruptionѝaffectedѝtheѝjudicialѝprocess.ѝ 5.ѝTheѝjudgeѝheldѝthatѝtheѝdefendantѝwasѝinnocent.ѝ 6.ѝHeѝmightѝbringѝjudicialѝproceedingsѝagainstѝyou.ѝ

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7.ѝJudiciaryѝisѝtheѝbranchѝofѝtheѝcentralѝauthorityѝthatѝadministersѝjustice.ѝ

Exercise 2 Form the degrees of comparison of these adjectives.

lowѝѝ	independentѝ	highѝ	faithfulѝ
littleѝ	sincereѝ	manyѝ	complicatedѝ

Word formation: Compound words

(составные слова)

Составныеѝ словаѝ (существительные,ѝ глаголыѝ иѝ др.)ѝ образуютсяѝ сложениемѝдвухѝслов,ѝкоторыеѝмогутѝбытьѝразличнымиѝчастямиѝ речи.ѝУдарениеѝвѝтакихѝсловахѝобычноѝпадаетѝнаѝпервуюѝчастьѝсоставногоѝслова.ѝСоставныеѝсловаѝпишутсяѝвѝодноѝсловоѝилиѝчерезѝ дефис:ѝ

birthѝ+ѝdayѝ=ѝbirthdayѝ downѝ+ѝstairsѝ=ѝdownstairsѝ toѝpickѝ+ѝpocketѝ=ѝtoѝpickpocketѝ

Exercise 1 Read and translate these compound nouns.

firearmsѝѝ	undergroundѝ	groupmateѝѝ
lawmakerѝ	eyewitnessѝ	workforceѝ
statesmanѝ	sightseeingѝ	mailboxѝ
outlookѝ	skinheadѝ	undergroundѝ
photographѝ	breakthroughѝ	incomeѝ

Exercise 2 Match the words from two columns, translate the compounds into Russian.

1.ѝtoѝexamineѝ	a)ѝmanѝ
2.ѝdefenceѝѝ	b)ѝcrossѝ
3.ѝtoѝprintѝ	c)ѝpocketѝ
4.ѝstateѝѝ	d)ѝfingerѝ
5.ѝcareѝѝ	e)ѝselfѝ
6.ѝtoѝpickѝѝ	f)ѝtakerѝ
7.ѝhandѝ	g)ѝportѝ
8.ѝsuperѝ	h)ѝbookѝ

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