24. Attributive word combinations in eng and rus.

In attr word combinations, both components are joined together with the help of syntactical subordinate connection. There are 7 types of attr word combinations :

1 prepositional attributive word combinations with agreement (concord)

adjunct+kernel

This type of word combinations is typical of the Russian language where we can observe agreement in 3 categories (the cat of gender, number and case) like (большой город, большое село, большая страна)

In English there is no agreement btw adjunct & kernel word in corresponding word combinations. ( large city, large lake) It is called adjoinment. In English adjunct word maybe expressed by

1 a noun in attributive function (a picture gallery, a tennis table)

In Russian such combination seldom occur . We may meet them only in constructions like (душевный человек, краса девица)

2 pronoun (in both languages) – my book, his book, моя книга, его книга.

3 participles (in both languages) a laughing girl, цветущий сад.

4numerals (in both languages) the first lesson, первый урок

There are only 2 types of agreement in English and only in the category of number, when demonstrative pronouns are used (this house, these houses, that table, those tables)

2 type of attr word combination is called prepositional attributive combination with government.

Adjunct + kernel (my brother’s book, a mile’s distance) Russian equivalent is adjective + noun ( часовая поездка)

3 prepositional attributive word-combinations with adjoinment .

In this type of word combination relations are not expressed morphologically, the meaning depends upon word –order like in isolating languages, chineese ( a silver spoon , a silk blouse) but (blouse silk – the meaning is different)

In russian the same example have agreement ( серебряная ложка, каменная стена)

If we change the word combination we shall get predicative word combination with the same lexical meaning.

4 attributive post positional word combinations with government, where adjunct word is expressed by a noun in one of its case forms. There are several classes of this type

1- genitive class (typical of the rus language only книга брата) In English it will be prepositional with government – brother’s book or with the preposition “of”

2 -dative class, where adjunct word is expressed by a noun in dative case. It is typical of the rus language only. Письмо брату, ответ другу. In eng corresponding word combinations will have preposition “to”

3 – instrumental class, where the adjunct word is a noun, in instrumental case. In rus it is работать пилой, ходить лесом. In eng, in such cases prepositions “by or with” are used.

5 attributive post positional with adjoinment, where

1 a kernel word may denote some general notion, and adjunct word is more concrete город москва,профессор иванов. The same in eng – professor Brown

2 a kernel word is a noun and an adjunct word is a verb. Желание работать.Еру same constructions we may find in eng – the promise to marry

3 a kernel is a noun , and adjunct – is a numeral(room 3, chapter 7) In rus, we have no such combinations. (комната пятая – it will be predicative)

4 a kernel word is a verb, but adjunct is an adverb- to read fast, in rus читать быстро.

5 a kernel word is a noun, an adjunct word is an adverb (езда верхом, взгляд искоса) In eng there are no corresponding word combinations.

6 attributive post positional word combinations with government and preposition

kernel +preposition+adjunct

They are typical of the russian language only. Classes:

1 genetive class with the structure kernel+preposition «из» +adjunct word платье из шерсти

2 dative class K+ по +adjunct (любовь к музыке)

3 accusative «на, под» kernel + на , пол + adjunct

4 instrumental «за,между» разговор за обедом

5 prepositional class with «в,на» дама в очках., шуба на меху.

7 attributive post positional word combinations with adjoinment and prepositions typical of the English language only. Classes:

1 a kernel word is a noun with prepositions- about, of. (stories about dogs, the end of the street)

2 a kernel word is an adjective with prepositions –of, at, (good at sport, proud of his son.)