5. The Past Perfect Tense

1. Translate into Russian paying special attention to Past Perfect:

1. We had carried out our experiment by 5 o’clock. 2. The students of this group had studied these operations by the end of last month. 3. We had finished obtaining and testing the data by the end of last week. 4. Physicists had developed new methods of solving such problems many years before they found the best method. 5. Historians thought that the term “zero” had been introduced by the Hindus or the Babylonians. 6. A number of young researchers had been drawn into the research before the experimental work began. 7. The director said that the exhibition had been sent from England to give a clear picture of physics teaching in England.

Ex. 2. Write down 1-3 sentences in interrogative form and in negative form:

Ex. 3. Put the verbs in brackets in Past Perfect:

1. I (to finish) my physics test before the bell rang. 2. All the books (to read) by the students before the teacher asked them back. 3. We (to learn) how to measure weight by last week. 4. Mike (to solve) all these equations before the bell rang. 5. All these problems (to be solved) with the help of computers before we obtained the final results. 6. They (to work) very hard before they learned how to deal with such problems. 7. The device (to be brought) to the laboratory before we started our work. 8. We (to inform) our teacher of the results of our work before he rang us up.

6. The Future Perfect Tense

Ex. 1. Translate into Russian paying special attention to Future Perfect:

1. I shall have translated this article by tomorrow. 2. By the end of the conference we shall have discussed the two main attitudes to school physics. 3. The student will have brought all the instruments by the time the teacher comes into the classroom. 4. By the end of the week he will have considered these systems. 5. Our teacher will have done it by tomorrow.

Ex. 2. Write down 1-5 sentences in interrogative form and in negative form:

Ex. 3. Put the verbs in brackets in Future Perfect:

1. The student (to read) this material by next week. 2. We (to complete) our experiments by next week. 3. He (to finish) his experimental work when we return from the conference. 4. Mary (to read) all these physical magazines by next Saturday. 5. These scientists (to finish) testing the device by the end of next week. 6. This material (to be revised) by the end of the term.

7. The Passive Voice

Ex. 1. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the Passive voice:

1. The new device was shown to the students several days ago. 2. Since then the new device has often been shown in class. 3. The mass of each particle is estimated. 4. The mass of each particle has been estimated several times. 5. The rays will be directed to the hole. 6. The hole will have been made in the box by then. 7. A practical example of heat radiation was found easily. 8. A number of examples of radiation had been given before the law was formulated. 9. The body was charged negatively. 10. The body had been charged before it was uncharged.

Ex. 2. Make up all possible questions to the following sentences:

1. The positive charge in the nucleus is carried by protons. 2. Many molecules are made up of two or more kinds of atoms. 3. Uranium is used in the atom bomb. 4. The bomb that destroyed Nagasaki was made of plutonium.

Ex. 3. Write down the following sentences in the Passive voice:

Model: Tom answered this question. – This question was answered by Tom.

1. Everybody knows the difference between the three states of matter. 2. The bomb destroyed the city. 3. Electrons carry the negative charge. 4. They did not destroyed structural balance. 5. He can’t repeat the question. 6. They won’t study this problem. 7. You don’t know the reason for the difference in answers. 8. We shall cool water vapour. 9. They did not follow your pattern. 10. We don’t charge the electroscope.

Ex. 4. Write down the following sentences in Active voice:

1. We are provided with atomic energy by the nucleus. 2. Many important processes can be controlled by us now. 3. This scientist’s ideas will be known by everybody. 4. Electron was discovered by J. J. Thompson in 1897. 5. The negative charge is carried by an electron. 6. The experiments on electricity were carried out by Benjamin Franklin in 1746. 7. The first electric battery was built by Alessandro Volta in 1800. 8. The effects of electricity were studied by many physicists. 9. The body will be heated by electricity. 10. Energy is provided by electricity.

Ex. 5. Choose Active or Passive voice. Add necessary adverbial modifier of time:

1. The lectures (to attend, to be attended) quite well. 2. This work (to associate, to be associated) with difficulties. 3. Our teacher usually (ask, to be asked) to explain difficult problems. 4. The difficulties (cause, to be caused) by lack of order. 5. Scientists (explain, to be explained) the three states of matter. 6. The pattern of the changes (to show, to be shown) in Figure 1. 7. The pinwheel (to rotate, to be rotated) with great speed. 8. The rays (to detect, to be detected) soon. 9. They (continue, to be continued) their work. 10. The properties (to know, to be known) to everybody. 11. Mary (to look for, to be looked for) good examples. 12. The temperature (to rise, to be risen). 13. The reason for the physical changes (to know, to be known).