Peyton Ondeo-Nalco Fuel Field Manual

394
Index terms		Links
Methanol:
compatibility	302
engine performance	302
from coal	273
from synthesis gas	287
fuel grades	289	302
motor octane number	301
processing catalysts	288
research octane number	301
Methyl ester	286	304
Methyl tertiary butyl ether	40	46	184
Methylene-bis-thiocyanate	148
Microbial growth	105	146
Microbial plaques	106
Microbiocides	53	146
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC)	106	147
Macrocrystalline wax	86
Microorganisms	72	105	143	209
	212
Microseparometer	186
Military jet fuel	50
MIL-S-53021	142
Mixed polycyclic hydrocarbons, in crude oil	34
Molecular sieves	18	29	214
MON (see Motor octane number)
Monel	228
Motor octane number	22	39	48	135
MSEP (see Microseparometer)
MTBE (see Methyl tertiary butyl ether)
Muntz metal	224

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395

Index terms		Links
N
NACE corrosion	182
NACE spindle rating scale	182
Naphtha:
in aviation gasoline	48
from coking	23
from distillation	6
from hydrocracking	18
hydroprocessing	17
in jet fuel	50
nitrogen in	38
oxygen in	38
reforming	20
sulfur in	37
Naphthenic acids:
description	38
in distillate fuel	140
as emulsifying agents	144
from fuel refining	25
in jet fuel	51
reaction with caustic	210	214
removal	25	27
Naphthenic-aromatic compounds, in crude oil	34
Natural gas:
composition	295
compressed (CNG):
storage	295
vehicle exhaust emissions	297	307
liquefied (LNG)	295
subclasses	295
Naval bronze	224
Naval distillate fuel	62

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396
Index terms		Links
Naval distillate stabilizer	142
Needle wax	86
Nickel:
alloys	228
in brass	224
in bronze	225
in crude oil	31	38
as a fuel refining catalyst	17
in marine fuel	69
in steel	157	223
Nickel-molybdenum (NiMo)	17
Nitrobacter	107
Nitrosomonas	107
Non-Positive Displacement Pumps	231
Normal butane, in gasoline	39
Nucleation	87	149	171
O
Octane number:
of automotive gasoline	39
of aviation gasoline	48
of FCC products	11
refining processes affecting	18
requirement (ONR)	42
values of blendstocks	43
Octane requirement increase	42	163
Octyl nitrate	160
Odor	51	116	133
(see also Mercaptans)
Oil and grease, in water analysis	73
Oil sand:
composition	291

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397

Index terms		Links
Oil sand (Continued)
direct coking	293
hot water processing	293
recovery	292
reserves	291
steam flooding	293
upgrading	294
Olefins:
additives to treat effects of	137	161
as alkylation feedstock	22
as catalytic polymerization feedstock	19
as chromophores	104
cetane number	127
in crude oil	33
in deposit formation	47	162
in diesel fuel	54	102	264
effect on fuel quality	102
effect on sludge formation	103
effect on varnish formation	103
as FCC unit products	15
in gasoline	38	40	264
in jet fuel	50	214
reaction with hydrogen sulfide	105
removal by acid treatment	28
removal by hydroprocessing	17
ONR (see Octane number)
Opel Kadettl.2L 12S	163
Operability additives	90
Organonitrogen compounds, in crude oil	38
Organosulfur compounds:
as antioxidants	138
in crude oil	37

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398
Index terms		Links
ORI (see Octane requirement increase)
Oxidation:
copper catalyzed	141
of olefins	102
Oxidation stability:
of aviation fuels	180
of distillate fuel oil	179
of gasoline	175
Oxygen, and deposit formation	78
Oxygen containing compounds, in crude oil	38
Oxygenate	40	46	184
Oxygenated organics, in jet fuel	51
P
Packing group	242
Paint	46	168
Paraffmic hydrocarbons, effect on cetane number	127
Paraffins:
in crude oil	33
hydrogen content and fuel combustion	128
as solvents	126
wax related problems	127
n-Paraffins	10	126	203
Passive films	156
PDA (See Phenylenediamine)
Percent gasoline distilled at 158°F. engine warmup	95
Perforated sleeve vaporizing burner	66
Performance number, of aviation gasoline	48
Peri-condensed asphaltenes	35
Permalloy	228
Peroxide number of aviation turbine fuel	108
Peroxy radical	102

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399

Index terms		Links
Peugeot XUD-9	165
PFI (see Port fuel injection)
Phenolic antioxidants	137	168
Phenols:
effect of exposure to light	84
effect on fuel color	104
Phenylenediamine	28	138	143
Phosphorus content, of gasoline	45
Piston pump	234
Pitting	157
Plaques	105	147	209
Plate wax	85
Platinum	18
Polycyclic aromatic compounds	120	208
Polynuclear aromatics	10	34
Polytetrafluoroethylene	229
Poor flame quality, kerosene	206
Poor startability	82	259
Poor starting, warm-up and initial acceleration	161
Porphyrin ring	38
Port fuel injection	47
Positive displacement pumps	232
Potential heat, effect of aromatic content	122
Pour point:
of petroleum products	188
reduction of diesel fuel	88
of residual oils	68
reversion	150	194	204
Predicting storage stability of distillate fuel	179
Preventing detergent-water emulsions	145
Products of microbial metabolism	147

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400
Index terms		Links
Products produced from catalytic cracking	11
Propane	11
Propylene oxide	146
Pseudomonas species	106
PTFE (see Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Pumpability problems	150	201
Pumps	231	238
Pyridine	38
Pyrrole	38
Q
QPL (Qualified Product List)-24682	142
Quaternary ammonium salts	146
Quinoline	38	84	207
R
Rapeseed methyl ester (RME)	304
Reactions which can liberate sulfur	119
Red brass	224
Reduced power	263
Reducing cloud point	187
Reducing pour point	88	91	171	188
Reformate	39
Reforming (see Catalytic reforming)
Reformulated gasolines	47
Regular grade diesel fuel oil	58
Reid vapor pressure	43	46	94	131
Removal of inhibitor film	211
Research octane number and motor octane number	41
Residual fuel:
asphaltene incompatibility	124

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401

Index terms		Links
Residual fuel (Continued)
coking	23
as marine fuel	62
pour point	94	149	193
pour point increase	203
properties	66
in visbreaking	10
wax	85
Resins, in crude oil	35
Reversion of pour point	171	193	203
Riser	10
RON (see Research octane number)
Rotor or lobe pump	233
Rouge removal, by corrosion inhibitors	169
Rust:
formation process	154
in fuel	84
on metal	209
prevention	157
reaction with hydrogen sulfide	119
removal by corrosion inhibitor	157	169
test methods to predict	182
Ryton	229
S
Sacchromyces cerevisiae	279
Salt drying, in fuel refining	29
Sasol	275
Saybolt color degradation, due to PDA antioxidants	168
Sea water contamination	110
Seal swelling	123
Sediment, determination in marine fuels	64

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402
Index terms		Links
Sensitivity, in gasoline octane number determination	42
SFPP (see Simulated filter plugging point)
Shale oil:
extraction	289
processing history	289
properties	291
retorting	290
Shell - Amsterdam pour point test	195
Silver, engine parts containing	109
Simulated filter plugging point	87	190
Slime forming bacteria	106
Slow speed engines	61
Sludge:
definition	108
formation	101
in fuel	123	207
inhibition	140
prevention	137
tests to predict formation of	177
Slurry oil	11
Smoke:
black	125
blue	108
causes and prevention	265
from diesel fuel combustion	100	133
formation by burner fuels	65
reduction	260	265
white	82
Smoke point	19	52 255
Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate/disodium
ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate	148
Solvent refined coal process	277

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403

Index terms		Links
Solving a problem	1
Southwest Research scuffing ball-on-cylinder
lubricity evaluator	165
Soybean:
characteristics	285
fatty acid composition	286
methyl ester (SME)	304
oil	285
processing	285
Specific gravity, of fuel	123
SRB (see Sulfate reducing bacteria)
Stabilizer packages, composition	140
Stainless steel	222
Startability	58	134
Steam:
in coking	25
in distillation	7
in fluid catalytic cracking	10
tracing of lines	236
Steel	219
Straight run naphtha	7	20
Stress corrosion cracking	157
Styrene-ester copolymers	149
Succinimides	75	164
Sulfate reducing bacteria	105	146
Sulfides, in crude oil	37
Sulfonates	116	158
Sulfonic acids	119	144
Sulfur:
acids	70	118
analysis	198
in aviation gasoline	51

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