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Unit 1. Career planning			5
Unit 2. The Environmental Impacts of Transportation			11
Unit 3. Globalisation			17
Unit 4. History of the railway transport			23
Unit 5. The railway track			32
Unit 6.	Motive power		39
Unit 7.	Goods wagons		46
Unit 8.	Carriages		49
Unit 9.	Stations		53
Unit 10.		Signalling	57
Unit 11.		Safety requirements in maintenance documentation	62
Unit 12.		Carriage of dangerous goods	68

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UNIT 1. CAREER PLANNING

Reading and translation

Exercise 1. Read the passage given below. Is the author of the passage British or American? How do you know?

A RESUME

A resume is a list of information about you. It shows your qualifications to prospective employers. Qualifications are skills or talents. A resume needs to be neat, clean, well-organized, and attractive. You need to organize your resume into categories (or groups) of information. Categories make a resume easy to read. Your resume also needs to be short. It is usually only one or two pages. Resumes might look simple, but you must work hard to create one that will help you to get your ideal job.

A resume always includes personal data (facts about you), your career objective (the kind of job you want), your work experience, any special skills or abilities, your education, and references. Personal data – the first section of a resume – means your name, mailing address, and telephone number. Put this information in a prominent place, at the top of the resume. You do not have to include your sex, age, weight, height, marital status, or Social Security number.

Career objective comes next. In this section, describe your career objective, or the kind of job you want.

Work experience can include jobs you have had. List the most recent jobs first. Also, include the length of time you worked and your job title or the type of work that you did. If you do not have any job experience yet, do not worry. Just go the next section: education.

Education section starts with the highest level of education that you have completed. List your degree(s), your major (or the most important courses that you took), and the name of your school, college, or university. It can also include job-training courses.

In special skills section, list your special skills. For example, you might speak about a second language or languages. You might know certain computer programs (software or hardware). In additional information section you may note your personal interests (Do you play sports? Do you have hobbies? Do you do volunteer work?). These skills may be important in a particular job.

Adapted from the authors’ materials by Sarah Lindeman, Novosibirsk State University

Exercise 2. Find the main idea of the passage about a resume. The main idea is a complete sentence that says something about the topic of a text. A topic is a word or phrase that states what a text is about.

1)A resume always includes a description of your career objectives.

2)A resume might look simple, but it takes a lot of work to prepare a good one.

3)In a resume, you organise information into several different categories.

4)Personal data includes your phone number.

Exercise 3. Find a word in the passage for each definition given below.

1)a list of information about you

2)skills or talents

3)facts about you (your name, mailing address, and telephone number)

4)groups

5)the kind of job you want

6)jobs you have had and job-training courses

7)a student's principal subject or course

8)a language other than the mother tongue that a person uses for public communication.

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Exercise 4. Choose the correct word to fill in the gap.

1)A resume shows your …………… to prospective employers.

a)talents

b)qualifications

c)beauty

d)intellect

2)You need to organize your resume into …………… of information.

a)points

b)facts

c)friends

d)categories

3)…………… – the first section of a resume – means your name, mailing address, and telephone number.

a)Physical changes

b)Physical data

c)Personal data

d)Individual characteristics

4)…………… describes the kind of job you want.

a)Career objective

b)The prizes of life

c)Desired effect

d)Waking dream

5)…………… can include jobs you have had.

a)Knowledge of life

b)Work experience

c)Critical experiment

d)Bitter experience

6)Education section can also include …………… courses.

a)interesting

b)no-effect

c)expensive

d)job-training

7)In …………… section, list your special skills.

a)job-training

b)special skills

c)personal data

d)prospective employers

8)In …………… section you may note your personal interests

a)sports

b)special skills

c)additional information

d)hobbies

Exercise 5. Find English equivalents to the following Russian phrases from the passage.

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Exercise 6. Read about the difference between a resume and a CV. Translate into Russian with a dictionary.

What's the difference between a resume and a CV?

The primary differences are the length, the content and the purpose. A resume is a one or two page summary of your skills, experience and education. A goal of resume writing is to be brief and concise since, at best, the resume reader will spend a minute or so reviewing your qualifications. A Curriculum Vitae, commonly referred to as CV, is a longer (two or more pages), more detailed synopsis. It includes a summary of your educational and academic backgrounds as well as teaching and research experience, publications, presentations, awards, honors, affiliations and other details.

Exercise 7. Read the passage and render it in English. Work without a dictionary.

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Listening

Exercise 1. Study the vocabulary presented below. Watch the cartoon and answer the following questions:

1)What position is an applicant applying for?

2)What does a potential employer do?

3)Does an applicant know the formula for noninvertible pump gain?

4)What makes an applicant apply for this position?

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Exercise 2. Now listen to the interview and differentiate the questions in the following script.

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ThankyouforapplyingfortheelectricalengineerpositionhereattheABCGate companyThanksfortheopportunitytoworkhereThecompanyisaleaderin automaticgatesIfyouhaveeverbeensoldstoragefacilityyou’veprobablyused ourgatesOhLet’sgetstartedOKIhaveforyourconsiderationsomeofmypast designsthatIhavedoneforpreviousemployersandclientsSoIseeyouhave openingstrokehereHowdidyouarriveatthisresistancevalueWhatformuladid youuse

Exercise 3. Watch the cartoon again. What job interview clichés do you hear?

Language spot

Parts of speech

Exercise 1. Match the part of speech to the correct definition.

1	Pronouns	a	Words that name people, places things, ideas
2	Adverbs	b	Words that modify nouns or pronouns
3	Verbs	c	Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses
4	Adjectives	d	Words that describe a relationship between a noun or
			pronoun and another element in the sentence
5	Conjunctions	e	Words that show emotion
6	Prepositions	f	Words that modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
7	Nouns	g	Words that show an action or state of being
8	Interjections	h	Words that take the place of nouns

Exercise 2. For the words in bold, choose the correct part of speech from the choices listed in a and b.

1	Your resume introduces you to potential employers.	a	noun	b	adjective
2	No, you may not climeb onto the roof.	a	interjection	b	pronoun
3	Find out how to write one that will make a good	a	verb	b	adverb
	impression.
4	See samples of good and bad resumes.	a	adverb	b	adjective
5	Get the facts on portfolios and other resume related	a	verb	b	noun
	documents.
6	The extremely important thing is that your resume be	a	adjective	b	adverb
	well organized and well written.
7	You can choose from three resume formats -	a	interjection	b	conjunction
	chronological, functional, or combination.
8	Where is my diploma?	a	verb	b	adverb
9	You need to include an objective on your resume.	a	preposition	b	adjective
10	Using too much jargon will appear to be more flash	a	noun	b	preposition
	than substance.

Exercise 3. Label the part of speech for each word in bold.

Writing a resume in English (1) can be very different than in your native tongue (2). Use dynamic (3) action verbs such as: accomplished, collaborated, encouraged, established, facilitated (4), founded, managed, etc. Do (5) not use the (6) subject 'I' (7), use tenses in the past. Except (8) for your (9) present job. Example: Conducted routine inspections of (10) on site equipment.

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Writing

Exercise 1. Read the passage below the questions and answer them in writing. Use your own words.

1)Why does John Little believe that a CV is “a strategic document”?

2)Is it a good idea to use a photograph of yourself on your CV? Why?

3)Why using “buzz words” in your CV is important?

4)What should you do to tell companies why you want to work for them?

5)How many “tips for success” can you name? Which one is the most important for you?

WRITE A KILLER CV

Getting your CV to stand out in a pile of applications used to be easy. Coloured paper was always a winner. A bright new red binder the hot accessory. Adding a splash of graphics and fancy typography won you some points.

But in these days of email responses to job ads and recruiter databases, do the old tricks stack up? Or are there new bells and whistles that will make your CV stand out from the crowd?

John Little, founder of Successful resumes, says that before you even start typing up a resume, you should be thinking about it as a strategic document.

“A CV isn't just a list of your work history,” he says. “It's a marketing exercise. After all, at the beginning of the process we’re all just white crumbly powder. But put a box around us and you have a brand. Getting the really relevant information across in a dynamic way is the key.”

Instant gratification

Little remembers some research done about seven years ago by then recruiting force Morgan & Banks. It found that recruiters and employers take from 15 to 45 seconds to decide whether a resume goes into the interview pile or not.

“The important information must come first,” he says. Don’t stick to CV formulas that have been around for decades, with your name, age, marital status and religion listed at the top. “This is enough to bury 99 per cent of all applicants,” he adds.

Be dynamic

Little says you should mix up the order: “If a piece of information is important, make sure people see it. Make sure they see the information that's really going to turn them on quickly.” Start with your most recent job or the last one that is most likely to be of interest to the employer. “There's almost nothing of interest that’s more than 10 years old. There’s no point saying you were employed by Price Waterhouse in 1968. It doesn’t do you any favours. Back then the computer systems were clunking mainframes.”

Replicate the skills and attitudes listed in the job advertisement in your resume. “Today employers tend to select as much on a person's values and their capacity to fit into the organisation as on their experience.”

Work your positive personality traits into the first part of your resume if you can. But, more importantly, “make it easy to read with headlines and bullet points, like in the job ads in the front section of The Sydney Morning Herald,” Little says.

“This is how the recruiters attract talent. So use these devices on the first page of your resume. You are then employing the same strategy and attracting the attention of the recruiter or advertiser with their format.”

Say cheese

Putting a photograph of yourself on your CV is one of the bells and whistles that Little thinks is worthwhile. With a photo CV, a candidate becomes a person, not just words on paper. It also adds a type of graphic icon, he says. “I've sat on government recruitment panels and the number of times people refer to that one, or those two with the photo' is amazing. People remember a photo.”

Buzz words

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After resumes are entered into a recruiter's database, they are usually revisited using a keyword search. If a job specifies auditing, this will be entered into the database and all CVs that contain the word will be listed.

Little says you should scan job ads in your sector and see what sort of terminology recruiters are using. Then find ways to incorporate the buzz words into your resume. But what if you don't have relevant industry experience to draw this jargon from? “If you're an accounting graduate, you get the jargon, such as management accounting and auditing, in by making sure your [university] subjects are listed.”

Another tactic is to put down your planned studies, such as a bachelor of law degree, starting 2007. “This will at least help you rise to the top in a database search,” he says.

Covered with care

When it comes to a cover letter for your CV, the trick is to tailor the letter to the employer and the job. “Generic cover letters are no more use than writing your resume on a scrap piece of paper. Large organisations spend millions on their reputation. They want to attract the best quality customers, suppliers and staff. So tell them why you want to work for them,” Little says.

“Talk about your similar values and their mission statement. All this is easy to find out these days - just do your research. Then, if you like the sound of them, tell them. This almost invariably results in an interview.”

How to get started

“The first 10 seconds of someone picking up your resume is critical,” Little says. He gives these tips for success:

1)Think about what your CV says, how easy it is to read and the order you put it in.

2)Be dynamic in how you present your work history and skills.

3)Use positive language about yourself.

4)Make sure there's a well-designed front page.

5)Put a photograph of yourself on the first page of your resume.

6)Put your name in colour

7)Present it in a good quality binder.

8)Remember, you get only one chance to make a good impression.

by Margie Sheedy, Sydney Morning Herald http://content.mycareer.com.au/advice-research/resume/write-a-killer-cv.aspx

Exercise 2. Write an e-mail to your friend who is going to apply for a job. Give a piece of advice how to create a strategic resume (10-12 sentences).

WebProject

Visit the following sites and enter a sector that you are interested in, such as Engineering. In the Search box find a job you think is interesting and follow the link. When you have done your research, write a resume for the job.

www.milkround.com/s4/jobseekers/ www.eurograduate.com www.careerjet.com

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