- •Unit one
- •1 Treaties and conventions
- •Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between (name of country) and (name of country)
- •Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques
- •The covenant of the League of Nations
- •Assignments
- •International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families part VIII: general provisions
- •XXV. Translate the extract from the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights into English. Международный пакт
- •Часть 1
- •Часть II
- •Convention on special missions
- •Vienna convention on diplomatic relations
- •Treaty Establishing the European Community
- •Articles
- •Final Provisions
- •2. Agreements
- •Cultural agreement
- •Memorandum of agreement
- •A general outline for a draft revision of the treaties explanatory memorandum: why a revision of the treaties?
- •Long-term programme for the Development of Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation
- •4. Implementation of the Programme
- •Assignments
- •Agreement
- •Commitment
- •Agreement
- •Exchange of Letters Constituting an Agreement
- •Exchange of Notes Constituting an Agreement
- •3 D e c l a ratio n s
- •Declaration
- •On the Promotion of the Relationship
- •Of Friendship and Cooperation between
- •(Name of country) and (name of country).
- •Declaration of the high contracting parties to the treaty on european union
- •Assignments
- •On voting in the field of the common foreign and security policy
- •On the use of languages in the field of the common foreign and security policy
- •European Parliament
- •Council
- •Commission
- •Joint Declaration
- •Declarations and reservations made upon signature United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- •Declaration on the basic principles of friendly relations and cooperation between the Republic of (name of country) and the Republic of (name of country)
- •4 Protocols
- •Protocol on Scientific and Technological Cooperation
- •Additional protocol to the convention
- •Final protocol to the Constitution of the Universal Postal Union
- •Protocol of signatures
- •Protocol (No ) annexed to the Treaty on European Union and to the Treaties establishing the European Communities
- •Assignments
- •Protocol №6 concerning tre abolition of the death penalty
- •Факультативный протокол к международному пакту о и политических правах
- •Unit two
- •1 Charter of the united nations
- •Charter of paris for a new europe a new era of democracy, peace and unity
- •Assignments
- •Capacity
- •Priority
- •Поправки к уставу
- •Charter (Constitution, etc.)
- •Final Provisions
- •2 Statute of the international court of justice
- •Statute of the international bureau of education
- •Assignments
- •Statute of the international
- •Court of justice
- •Chapter III
- •Procedure
- •3 Constitutions of united nations specialized agencies
- •Constitution of the world health organization
- •Assignments
- •Constitution of the united nations educational, scientihc and cultural organization
- •Unit three
- •1 Ratification
- •Instrument of ratification (by Head of State or Government)
- •Instrument of ratification
- •Instrument of ratification
- •Assignments
- •2 Accession, acceptance and approval
- •Instrument of accession
- •Instrument of
- •Assignments
- •Instrument
- •3 Reservations
- •Assignments
- •4 Denunciation
- •Assignments
- •Unit four
- •Resolution relating to the Application of the Convention
- •In Future Activities
- •Of International Organizations
- •Decision Adopted by the Universal Postal Congress
- •Recommendation
- •On the Need to Establish World-Wide
- •Technical and Operating Standards to Facilitate
- •Communication
- •Directives concerning Unesco's Relations with International Non-Governmental Organizations
- •1997/233. Provisional agenda and documentation for the forty-fir session of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs
- •Regulations for the general classification of the various categories of meetings convened by Unesco
- •International law commission Summary Records of the Twenty-First Session
- •990 Th meeting
- •Eu Council Resolution of 8 June 1993 on the quality of drafting of Community legislation
- •Unit five final instruments
- •2 Final instruments of international conferences
- •Exhibit 38 communique communique
- •Joint communique on the Signing of the abm Treaty Documents Released by the Office of the Spokesman, September 26, 1997
- •Joint statement environment of durable peace and security
- •Joint statement
- •Declaration on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- •Council of europe
- •The final declaration
- •Article 1
- •II. Mandate
- •Final act of the Vienna Conference on Diplomatic
- •Intercourse and Immunities
- •Assignments
- •Declaration
- •Statement
- •Joint communique of the Governments of the Arctic Countries on the Establishment of the Arctic Council
- •Joint statement of the space station partnership
- •Совместное коммюнике об установлении (establishment) дипломатических отношений между Республикой ...И Республикой ...
- •Заявление о мерах укрепления доверия и безопасности и разоружения в Европе
- •International Olympic Committee Declaration on Doping in Sport
- •European Council in Copenhagen Meeting on 7 and 8 April 1978 Declaration on Democracy
- •Memorandum on Security Assurances in Connection with Ukraine's j Accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- •Меморандум взаимопонимания о консультациях по вопросам, представляющим взаимный интерес
- •Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe charter for european security
- •Charter for european security
- •World leaders adopt
- •"United nations millennium declaration"
- •At the conclusion of the extraordinary three-day
- •Unit six
- •United nations communications 1.1. Formal letters
- •Secretary-General to Minister for Foreign Affairs (formal)
- •Exhibit.48 letter
- •Secretary-General to
- •Permanent Representative
- •(Formal)
- •Assignments
- •1.2. Informal letters
- •Assignments
- •Informal Letter
- •1.3. Notes verbales
- •Exhibit 56
- •Exh1bit57
- •Note verbale
- •Secretariat to Permanent
- •Mission
- •Exhibit 58
- •Note verbale
- •Protocol & Liaison Service
- •To Permanent Missions
- •Exh1b1t 59 note verbale Permanent Mission to Secretary-General
- •International year of peace
- •Exhibit 60
- •Note verbale
- •Permanent Mission to
- •Permanent Mission(s)
- •Exhibit 61
- •A) Note verbale dated 30 June 19__ from the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
- •B) Note verbale dated 18 July 19__ from the Alternate Permanent Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations (Vienna) addressed to the Secretary-General
- •Note Verbale
- •Assignments
- •Interoffice memorandum
- •Diplomatic communications between states
- •Exhibit 66 verbal note
- •Exhibit 68
- •Assignments
- •Correspondence between foreign missions and local governments
- •Diplomatic protest
- •Verbal note dated 3 May 19__ from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of (name of country) addressed to the Embassy of (name of country)
- •3 Other diplomatic acts
- •3.1. Agrement
- •Exhibit 70 agrement
- •Assignments
- •Ambassador
- •Ambassadorial
Unit three
UNILATERAL LEGAL ACTS
Ratification
Accession, Acceptance, and Approval
Reservations
Denunciation
1 Ratification
The word “ratification” is used in several different senses, of which the following must be mentioned. It may mean:
1. the act of the appropriate organ of the State, be it the Sovereign or a President or a Federal Council, which signifies the willingness of a State to be bound by a treaty; this is sometimes called ratification in the constitutional sense;
2. the international procedure whereby a treaty enters into force, namely the formal exchange or deposit of the instruments of ratification;
3. the actual document, sealed or otherwise authenticated, whereby a State expresses its willingness to be bound by the treaty;
4. loosely and popularly, the approval of the legislature or other State organ whose approval may be necessary; this is an unfortunate use of the word and should be avoided.
What treaties require ratification? It is not possible to find a decisive test of the requirement of ratification by having regard to the form of the treaty or the term that may be employed to describe it, e. g. Treaty, Convention, Declaration, Agreement, Exchange of Notes, modus vivendi, etc. But it can at least be said that the more formal the type of an instrument adopted, the more likely is ratification to be required.
In modern practice, however, it is almost the invariable rule for the treaty itself to contain either an express stipulation or other indication as to the intention of the parties on the question whether ratification is required. In the case of a treaty which the parties consider to require ratification, such clause as follows is usually inserted:
“This Convention shall be ratified and the instruments of ratification thereof shall be exchanged in London. The Convention shall take effect on the thirtieth day after the date of exchange of the instruments of ratification and shall continue in force for the term of five years”.
Where the parties do not regard ratification as necessary, the treaty usually states that it shall come into force on a certain date or upon the happening of a certain event. The law leaves the parties to decide whether or not ratification is required, and it is only in rare cases that the parties leave the matter in doubt.
Ratification has a value which should not be minimized. The interval between the signature and the ratification of a treaty gives the appropriate departments of the Governments that have negotiated the treaty an opportunity of studying the advantages and disadvantages involved in the proposed treaty as a whole, and of doing so in a manner more detached, more leisurely, and more comprehensive than is usually open to their representatives while negotiating the treaty.
It is suggested that the rule should be formulated as follows: Ratification in the international sense of the term is an essential requirement of a treaty, unless (a) by its express terms the requirement of ratification is dispensed with or (b) it can be inferred from the nature or the form of the treaty or the circumstances in which it was negotiated that the parties intended to dispense with the requirement of ratification.
It is not customary to fix a time limit for ratification, and there is no rule of law as to the date within which, if at all, it must take place. Frequently several years elapse between signature and ratification.
Ratification involves two steps. The first is the signing and sealing of the instrument of ratification; the second is, in the case of a bipartite treaty, its exchange with the corresponding instrument produced by the other party, or, in the case of a multipartite treaty, its deposit with the headquarters Government (in return for an acte d’acceptation or proces-verbal of deposit), or with the Secretary-General of the United Nations as in the case of many treaties concluded under the auspices of that body. In the United Kingdom the instrument of ratification is, in the case of a treaty between heads of State, signed by the Queen, and sealed with the Great Seal. In the case of those intergovernmental agreements which it is considered necessary or desirable to ratify, the instrument of ratification is usually signed by a minister or the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and sealed with his official seal.
In some States ratification requires the consent of other organs of the State. Thus the President of the United States of America can only validly ratify a treaty by and with the advice and consent of the Senate provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur. In the United Kingdom neither Parliament nor either House of Parliament has any corresponding function. Ratification is the act of the Crown upon the advice of the appropriate minister.
The notification of ratifications is usually the last act before international agreements become law. After ratification, they apply under the conditions stipulated in the text.Very often this is immediately, but frequently the date of entry into force may be thirty, sixty or ninety days later, and is sometimes a year or more. (From “The Law of Treaties” by A.McNair
EXHIBIT 20