Билет6.

1. determine the character of the relationships between the sender and the receiver and the purpose of the text.

2. how conscious do you think the british are about the table etiquette? what do you know about the eating habits of the british?

Eating is inseparable element of life. But in many countries it's something more than just appeasing energetic demands. It's part of culture, developed by many hundred years old tradition. That's why we have so many different eating habits and kitchen in different countries. Influenced by climate conditions and affected by richness of natural resources, they achieve nowadays appearance.  A traditional English breakfast was a very big meal - sausages, bacon, eggs, tomatoes, mushrooms… But nowadays many people just have cereal with milk and sugar, or toast with marmalade, jam, or honey. Marmalade and jam are not the same! Marmalade is made from oranges. Jam is made from other fruit. The traditional breakfast drink is tea. Some people have coffee, often instant coffee. Many visitors to Britain find this coffee disgusting! For many people lunch is a quick meal. In cities there are a lot of sandwich bars. Pubs often serve good, cheap food, both hot and cold. School - children can have a hot meal at school, but many just take a snack from home - a sandwich, a drink, some fruit. ‘Tea’ means two things. It is a drink and a meal! Some people have afternoon tea, with sandwiches, cakes. Cream yeas are popular.  The evening meal is the main meal of the day for many people. They usually have it quite early, between 6. 00 and 8. 00, and often the whole family eats together.  On Sundays many families have a traditional lunch. They have roast meat, either beef, lamb, chicken, or pork, with potatoes, vegetables, and gravy. Gravy is a sauce made from the meat juices.  The British like food from other countries, too, especially Italian, French, Chinese, and Indian. People often get take - away meals - you buy the food at the restaurant and then bring it home to eat. Eating in Britain is quite international. 

Билет 7.

1. dominant prose system in the text, the way the author makes use of it to get across his message to the reader.

2. an American equivalent of prison, other british-american equivalents.

Prison a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime, or while they are waiting to go to court for their trial synonym jail

Jail a place where criminals are kept as part of their punishment, or where people who have been charged with a crime are kept before they are judged in a law court

В Лонгмане не указывается, что это американ инглиш. Но видимо он и есть.

И дальше идет сноска: Gaol – a British spelling of jail. Читается тоже джейл, но пишется так.

Part 1  UK-US - Cars and Driving: 

UK US

car park parking lot

drink-driving drunk driving

driving licence driver's license

flat battery dead battery

hire car rental car

lorry truck

motorway freeway (Western U.S.)

expressway (Eastern U.S.)

number plate license plate

petrol gasoline

gas

zebra crossing crosswalk

Part 2  UK-US - Food: 

UK US

biscuit cookie

chips french fries

conserves preserves

crisps potato chips

mince ground meat

hamburger

porridge oatmeal

pudding dessert

tinned canned

Part 3  UK-US - Others: 

UK US

antenatal prenatal

anticlockwise counterclockwise

at hand (meaning to hand

readily available)

autumn fall

("autumn" is used,

but only in formal

or poetic language)

baggage reclaim baggage claim

(airport)

bill check

(restaurant)

bin liner trash bag

bookings reservations

(verb - to book) (verb - to reserve as

in restaurant, hotel)

botanic garden botanical garden

charity non-profit organization

not-for-profit

cheap inexpensive

(not necessarily in a

negative light)

chemists pharmacy, drug store

cinema movie theater, theater

coach (railway) car (railroad)

engaged (as in telephone)busy

flat apartment

football soccer

full stop (punctuation) period

gents men's room

headmaster principal

hire (hire a car) rent (rent a car)

holiday vacation

hoover (noun and verb) vacuum (noun and verb)

vacuum cleaner (noun)

ill sick

in hospital in the hospital

lift elevator

lorry truck

maths math

mobile (phone) cell (phone)

mum mom

nappies diapers

post mail

pram baby carriage

queue line

(noun as in "bus queue"

verb as in "queue up")

railway railroad

return round trip

(as in round trip ticket)

rucksack backpack

sack (verb - from fire

employment)

sport sports

solicitor lawyer

attorney

"sorry" "excuse me", "pardon me"

stand (for election) run (for election)

starters appetizers

swear word curse word

subway underpass

tariffs rates, prices

toilet restroom

trousers pants

tube subway

underground

vest undershirt

washing up doing the dishes

waistcoat vest