Unit 7 us Attorneys

Task 1. Read the text.

In the USA there are different kinds of attorneys.) You must know the difference between them.

First of all, there is an attorney-in-fact and an attorney-in-law.

An attorney-in-fact is a person who acts for another, he is an appointed agent.!

An attorney-in-law is an experienced, practicing lawyer who has Special training. In the USA to be a lawyer (an attorney) you must graduate from college and then attend a law school for 3 years. Upon graduating from law school, you receive the degree of Juris Doctor (doctoi' of Law). To be admitted to the bar you must pass an examination.

Secondly, there is one more type of attorneys - an Attorney general. It is the chief law official of the government. Tfiere are 94 Attorneys general who are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Unlike federal judges, they serve at the pleasure of the President. They must leave their positions when the president and the government change.]]

There is a US Attorneys general in each federal judicial district.ftbeir staffs of assistants vary in size with the amount of litigation in the distrk.

US Attorneys are powerful political figures. Their decision to prosecute or not affectsjthe wealth, freedom, rights and reputation of individuals (for example, elected officials, judges, organized crime figures) and organizations.

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US Attorneys general often have political ambitions. Their position gives them a chance to use mass media for their political goalsfFavourable press coverage can help them launch a successful career in elected office.

Task 2. Learn the following words and expressions.

l. an attorney - in - fact- лицо (не являющееся адвокатом), действую-щее в качестве поверенного друго-го лица (общественный защитник)	7. amount of litigation-количество судебных тяжб
2. an attorney -in- law - (syn. Lawyer, attorney)- адвокат	8. to prosecute- преследовать судебным порядком
3. an Attorney general- генеральныйпрокурор	9. political goals– политические цели
4. Juris Doctor (doctor of Law) – доктор юридических наук	10. elected officials- чиновники, избираемые на должность
5. the bar- адвокатура	11. to launch a career – начинать карьеру
6. official- чиновник, должностное лицо	12. elected office- выборные посты (в составе правительства)

Task3. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following expressions and sentences.

1 .Чтобы вас приняли в адвокатуру, вы должны сдать экзамен. 2. Генеральные прокуроры назначаются Президентом по совету и с согласия Сената. 3. В отличие от федеральных судей, они служат на благо президента. 4. Количество помощников варьируется в зависимости от количества судебных тяжб в округе. 5. Благоприятные отзывы прессы. 6. Главы организованной преступности.

Task 4. Fill in the gaps using the appropriate prepositions.

1. Yoamust graduate ... college and then attend a law school ... 3 years. 2. To be admitted ... the bar you must pass an examination. 3. US Attorneys general are appointed ... the President ... the advice and the consent ... the Senate. 4. They serve ... the pleasure ... the President. 5. The staffs of assistants vary ... size... the amount... litigation... {he district. 6. Their position gives them a chance to use mass media . . . their political goals.7. It can help them launch a successful career ... elected office.

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Task 5. Match each word on the left with the correct definition on the right

* Juror Doctor	1. an appointed agent
* elected officials	2. an experienced, practising lawyer who has special training
* an Attorney general	3. doctor of law
* ah attorney-in-fact	4. the chief law official of a government
* mass media	5. people who have a position in government
* an attorney-in-law	6. newspapers, magazines, radio

Task 6. Is it true or false?

1. An attorney-in-fact has special training.

2. An attorney-in-law must graduate from college and then he must go to the University.

3. Upon graduating from law school, an attorney gets the degree of Juris Doctor.

4. Attorneys are admitted to the bar after the examination.

5. Attorneys general are appointed by the Senate.

6. They leave their positions after one or two years.

7. Usually attorneys general have political ambitions and with the help of mass media they launch successful careers.

Task 7. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the difference between an attorney-in-fact and an attorney-in-law?

2. What training do attorneys-in-law have?

3. How are attorneys general appointed?

4. How many Attorneys general are there in the USA?

5. When do Attorneys general leave their position?

6. What does the number of assistants depend on?

7. What makes Attorneys general so important figures?

8. How do Attorneys realize their political ambitions?

Task 8. Make questions to the following sentences.

1. There are different kinds of attorneys in the USA. (general question)

2. There are 94 Attorneys general in the USA. (special question)

3. You must graduate from college, (alternative question)

4. US Attorneys are powerful political figures, (tag-question)

5. Upon graduating from law school, you receive the degree of Juris Doctor. (special question)

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Task 9. Make topic «US Attorneys».

Unit8

You-the Jury

A Handbook on Jury Service

Task 1. The following texts come from a handbook on jury service for US citizens.

Read the texts, consulting the active vocabulary.

1. Jury Service - An Important Job and a Rewarding Experience.

The right to trial by a jury of our fellow citizen is one of our most important rights and is guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States.

Your job as a juror is to listen to all the evidence, presented at trial and to «decide the facts» - that is, to decide what really happened. The judge, on the other hand, «decides the law» - that is, makes decisions on the legal issues that come up during the trial. For example, the judge may have to deeide whether you and the other jurors may hear certain evidence or whether one lawyer may ask a witness a certain question. Sometimes you will even be asked to leave the courtroom while legal issues are being decided.

/In order to do your job you don't need any special knowledge or ability. It is enough that you keep an open mind, concentrate on the evidence being presented, use your common sense, be fair and impartial (that is not influenced by sympathy

Many jurors find their experience exciting, challenging and satisfying,