YES

an outcry about the cruelty of it all. Schools respond by assigning (4) ………….

homework until one day (5) ………… asks why standards are dropping, draws the

(6) ……….. that more homework is needed and the pendulum swings

(7) ………… again.

Although primary schools are (8) ……….. no obligation to assign homework, the current government guidelines (9) …………. that children in the first three years of primary school do one hour of homework a week, while children in years five and six (10) ………….. be assigned half an hour daily. However, a 1999 study carried (11) ……………. at Durham University found there was no evidence that homework in primary schools boosted academic performance, and (12) …………… evidence that it might even cause harm. There is also widespread concern in the profession that badly-constructed homework policies could (13) ………… to a widening of the (14) …………… between children with educated parents and children (15) ………… parents left school early.

Task 2

Complete the gaps in the text with a word formed margin. Four of the words you need to write begin with done as an example. Translate the formed words.

from the word given in the out. The first one has been

Childhood self-esteem can overwhelm academic
disadvantage or social (0) deprivation in determining	DEPRIVE
future earnings power, according to major new research.
There is now clear evidence that the earnings of people
who had higher self-esteem at age ten (1) ……… those	STRIP
of their peers whose academic performance was better
at the same age. Bright children often have higher
self-esteem, as do some from more affluent (2) ………. .	GROUND
But the study compared children from similar families and
still found that those who were psychologically
well-balanced at ten were now (3) ………….. their peers.	PERFORM
The research also found, surprisingly, that it is not unusual
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for children to have high academic (4) ………. and low	ACHIEVE
self-esteem leading to significant later (5) ………. in the	PERFORM
jobs market. A spokesman for the British Association for
Counselling said: '(6) ……….. for children doesn't come	COURAGE
only from crude parental hostility at home: it can just be
(7) ……… or the constant feeling that they're making you	RESENT
tired. Children pick that up. Nor is it only (8) ………….	PRIVILEGE
children who suffer. All too often you can ask affluent
parents who the important people in their child's life are –
teachers, friends and so on – and they haven't a clue.'
Bearing out the findings of this research, many (9) …	STAND
successful entrepreneurs, such as Richard Branson, were
(10) …………… academically when they were at school	SHINE
but had the advantage of supportive families.

Task 3

Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a plus

(+) by the number. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in the space at the end of the line. Explain your choice.

One of the most fastest growing areas of interest on the Internet	1	__
is health. The problem is that the websites are so numerous in that	2	__
it is hard job to know where to start. As well as the more respectable	3	__
sites, there are also the sites just wishing to sell you the more latest pills	4	__
and therapies. In addition, there are the far more than dangerous sites	5	__
that mean well, but do not give an enough accurate and reliable	6	__
information. Such as information could do more to harm patients	7	__
than cure them. However, the results of a survey recently carried	8	__
out show that most people are using the Internet to find out the more	9	__
detailed facts about their frequently occurring health problems, once	10 __
they have been diagnosed by their family doctor. One new idea is to have	11 __
doctors in website chat rooms, where a person can talk the more easily to	12 __
a doctor about problems and get such a good and quick advice that they	13 __
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do not need to go outside their house. However, the problem is that the	14 __
more as often patients consult their doctors in this way, the more likely it	15 __
is that the personal contact of between patient and doctor will be lost.	16 __

PART IV. WRITING

Write your essay to one of these topics:

1.Teaching children with learning disabilities.

2.Do you really need a high school diploma or college degree to be successful today? Why or why not?

3.Sex education in public schools.

4.What do schools need to do to prepare students for the 21st century?

5.Imagine that your teacher wants to teach a new subject for the next few weeks. Your teacher will take suggestions, and then let the students vote on the new subject. What subject should your class choose? Write an essay to support your choice and to persuade the other students to vote for your choice.

6.Should teachers wear uniforms or have a dress code?

7.Should students be allowed to grade their teachers?

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UNIT 5

JOBS. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

PART I. LISTENING

Task 1

1. Before you listen

Match the people (1-6) to the descriptions (a-f) of what their job

involves.		a) sells cut flowers and pot plants.
1. An architect
2. A civil engineer		b) designs roads, bridges, etc.
3. A construction worker		с) grows fruit and vegetables for sale.
4. A florist		d) designs gardens.
5.	A landscape gardener	e) designs houses, office blocks and other buildings.
6.	A market gardener	f) builds roads, bridges and buildings.

Task 1.1

You will hear one short passage twice.

You overhear three people talking about a musical they have just seen. How did the leading actor perform?

A He sang and acted well. В Не sang and acted badly.

С Не sang badly but acted well.

Task 1.2

You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8 choose the best answer А, В or С. You will hear each short passage twice.

1. You hear two people talking at a party. What is the man’s job? A a florist

В a market gardener

С a landscape gardener

2. Listen to two women talking on the phone. One is a designer and has just started working from home. What does the designer think is the drawback of working from home?

A She feels lonely.

В She works longer hours. С She feels unhealthy.

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3. Listen to two interviewers discussing a candidate for a job. What did they like most about her?

A her character

Вher skills and qualifications С her previous experience

4.Listen to a woman talking about leaving her job. Why did she give it up? A She felt she was not appreciated.

ВShe didn't enjoy her duties.

С She became depressed.

5. Listen to a department manager in a big company talking to the Personnel Manager about a problem with one of her staff. What is the problem?

A He is often late.

В His work is careless. С He seems to resent her.

6. Listen to a man and a woman talking about the man's new job. What does he like best about it?

A the travel

В the increased responsibility С the working hours

7. Listen to a woman talking about her job. What is she? A a construction worker

Вa designer

С a civil engineer

8. Listen to a businessman talking on the radio about how he started his company. What gave him the opportunity to start his own business?

A He inherited money.

В Не invented a successful new range of products. С Не was very self-confident.

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Task 1.3

You will hear five people talking about computers in a work context. For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F how each speaker feels. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter, which you do not need to use.

A	critical
B	disappointed	Speaker 1	___1
C	enthusiastic	Speaker 2	___2
D	irritated	Speaker 3	___3
E	objective	Speaker 4	___4
F	proud	Speaker 5	___5

Task 2

You will hear five people explaining what they think about crime prevention. For questions 1-5, choose which of the opinions A-F each speaker expresses. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter you do not need to use.

A Police can’t be expected to fight crime without
support.
B Some people have their priorities wrong when it	Speaker 1 ______1
comes to preventing crime.	Speaker 2 ______2
C Education can change people’s chance of being	Speaker 3 ______3
the victim of crime.	Speaker 4 ______4
D Not everyone knows what difficulties the police	Speaker 5 ______5
face.
E People may not be aware of all the facilities that
are available.
F It’s not really a serious problem.

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PART II. READING

Task 1

1. You are going to read an article about five young people who have each made a lot of money by setting up a business. For Questions 1-15 choose from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Which young person:
is carrying on a family tradition?	0 C
found one part of the work hard at the beginning?	1__
says that he/she prefers to be his/her own boss?	2__
is careful with money?	3__			4___
got financial help from an organisation?	5__
says he/she does the work mostly for the money?	6__			7___
feels that further education would be a waste of time?	8__
ignored advice that he/she was given?	9__
says he/she finds the work itself the main motivation?	10__
has turned an initial disappointment to his/her advantage?	11__			12___
says he/she enjoys the creative side of the business most?	13__
is willing to give up aspects of his/her social life for
the business?	14__

has received a prize in recognition of what he/she has achieved?15__

HOW TO GET RICH YOUNG

We asked five young people who have already made their fortunes in business to tell us the secret of their success.

A. Justin Etzin (24)

It all began when Justin, then aged 16, tried to get into a nightclub and was turned away for being too young. “After that, I kept on at them until they let me organise an under-20s party,” he recalls. “They were expecting about 50 teenagers to turn up, but I’d found them 2000!” Justin continued organising parties during his school holidays and had made enough money by the age of his 18 to buy himself a speedboat. Today, at 24, he has other business interests and a fortune of

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£2 million. But Justin’s not just in it for the financial rewards. “What gets me excited is coming up with new ideas,” he insists, “and at the end of the day, I’d rather be healthy than wealthy.”

B. Lee Allen (20)

Lee set up a sports-coaching business when he was just 18. “Everyone warned me that it was a tough world and I wasn’t experienced enough to take the disappointments that lay ahead. But I felt confident in what I was doing, so I took no notice of them. My idea was to coach children with special needs and because nobody else was doing that, I got a grant and an office from Mencap, a charity which helps the mentally disabled. At first, the administrative side was a real struggle, but I managed it somehow. Last year, the company I set up won an award for being the most innovative new business in the country. That means more to me than any money I’ve made out of it.”

C. Charlotte Crossley (18)

Charlotte first started up in business when so she was 12 years old, making and selling things called ‘friendship bracelets.’ She paid friends to make them, using her materials and designs. Since then, she’s expanded into make-up and hair accessories and was able to buy herself a brand new car last year. “My father and grandfather were both successful businessmen, so making money seemed natural to me. I am studying for A levels, but I have decided not to go to university because I don't feel it has anything more to offer me. Work excites me more. I can work all day every day without a break and never get bored. I lead a hectic life – socialising, schoolwork and working. But why not? I feel like I can have it all.”

D. Thomas Jones (20)

Tom started playing with computers when he was five. By the time he was 12, he’d set up his own web page on the Internet and was selling advertising space. He now runs a profitable business from his bedroom at home, offering a complete Internet and technical support service. “I have always been fascinated by computers. I’m proud of what I’ve achieved. But what really keeps me going is the thought of all the cash I’m making. I think it’s worth giving up a few nights out in case there aren’t the same opportunities later. Our projected turnover for next year is £160,000, so the business is a huge investment.” Apart from buying himself a few treats, Tom mainly reinvests his money. “But I still intend to go to university, no matter how much I make, because in any business you need to keep up with new developments.”

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E. Louise Bagshawe (25)

Things haven’t always gone well for Louise. After she’d written her first book at the age of 23, a publisher took one look at it and advised her to tear it up and start again. “I was so upset by their reaction,” said Louise, “that I bought a pile of very successful novels and read them from cover to cover to remind myself of my business aim. This was to write ‘popular’ books that would earn me a fortune by working for myself, rather than earning peanuts working for someone else.” The rewritten novel became the first of four ‘blockbusters’ which have made Louise a millionaire. However, she does not splash her money around. “I’m saving up for a rainy day. Who knows what will happen in the future.”

2. To your mind, what character features helped people to achieve success?

Task 2

1. You are going to read an article about crimes against property. Eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-I the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY

In recent years, there has been an explosion of property-related crimes in almost every country. Despite what the majority of people think, such crime is not committed by professional criminals, nor is it carefully planned. 0 E However, it is surprising how many people still fail to take sensible steps to protect their property and belongings.

In the case of preventing theft from the home, this can be easily done by installing alarms or fitting strong locks on all points of access to the house. 1__

Additionally, intruders are seldom keen to try their luck on buildings where there are signs of life. 2__ This may be as simple as leaving a light or television on while you are out.

As most burglaries are committed by adolescents and young men living within two or three kilometres of the victim, they tend to have a good knowledge of the area and are constantly on the lookout for the telltale signs of empty premises. Amazingly, in three out of ten break-ins, the thief does not even have to use force to get in because the householder has left a door unlocked or a window open. 3___

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While not quite in the same league as theft and burglary, there has also been a huge increase in vandalism and the destruction of property. One area of the community badly affected by vandalism is schools – for example, between five and ten per cent of some education authorities' maintenance budgets is spent repairing deliberate damage. 4__

Another very visible form of property crime is the writing and spray-painting which plagues many city walls. Graffiti has long been identified as one of the major causes of the fear of crime among many city residents. 5___ If it is widespread, it may even reduce tourism for similar reasons.

The vandals themselves, on the other hand, take great pleasure in graffiti because of the notoriety and kudos it may generate for them, and although some murals display a great amount of talent on the part of the artist, more common are the unattractive tags, or ‘signatures’. 6____ The offenders normally plan their strikes carefully and because it doesn't take them long to spray their messages, they are rarely apprehended by the police. 7____

Despite the depressing statistics associated with property crime, greater cooperation between police, schools, businesses and the local community as a whole will help in the fight to reduce it.

A.If opportunities like these did not exist, criminals would have a much harder time and many crimes would not be committed at all.

B.Their acts resulted in the arrests of several burglars and vandals.

C.This is because people often associate it with the presence of street gangs and consequently may become afraid to frequent or use those public spaces where it is prevalent.

D.As a result, they seldom have convictions or a police record.

E.In fact, it is the work of opportunists and theoretically, therefore, should be easy to prevent.

F.These are sprayed on as many places as possible and often refer to the gang or 'crew' to which the culprit belongs.

G.So the police often advise to try to give the impression that someone is

at home.

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