YES

of thing, which gives us a bit of extra pocket money. Sometimes jazz clubs approach us, too. But it’s never fame and fortune – and to tell you the truth, I like my life just the way it is.

PART III. USE OF ENGLISH

Task 1

For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Explain your choice.

EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION

If scientists were able to warn governments (0) ...of...... an impending earthquake, even if only a few hours (1) …………. advance, lives might be saved and international rescue workers could be at the scene of the disaster by the time it happened, instead of heading (2) …………….. their local airports several hours after the event.

(3) ………….. it is, seismologists have long been able to predict roughly where earthquakes will happen, but they are still (4) …………… from knowing how to forecast exactly when (5) ………….. may strike. The one and

(6) ………….. successful prediction in recorded history was for the 1975 earthquake in Haicheng, China. In the months preceding the earthquake changes (7) …………. land elevation and ground water levels, widespread reports of peculiar animal behaviour, and many foreshocks had (8) …………. to a low-level warning. As a (9) ……………. of an increase in foreshock activity, an evacuation warning was (10) …………..the day before a magnitude 7.3 earthquake. Unfortunately, in (11) ……………. of their success in 1975, the Chinese failed to predict the Tangshan earthquake the following year, which (12) ……………. an appalling 250,000 fatalities.

Since (13) …………. completely reliable method of prediction has been found, most governments now focus (14) ……………. mitigating the effects of earthquakes once they strike (15) ………………..than attempting to forecast them.

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Task 2

Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Translate the formed words.

CHASING TORNADOES
Tornadoes are the (0) amazing spinning storm which are common	AMAZE
in the Midwest of the USA. Although they can often be (1) ………	FAIR
short-lived, lasting only 1-2 hours, tornadoes can spin at up to 400 kph,
and can (2) ………. destroy whole areas, even throwing	EASY
(3) ……… farm animals on the tops of trees. People who are	TERRIFY
(4) ……… enough to live in their path, often feel threatened by	FORTUNE
tornadoes, and yet, (5) ………., some travel companies in the USA	REMARK
organize trips for tourist who (6) ……… go in search of them.	ACTIVE
Some enthusiasts travel thousands of kilometers in the hope of seeing
a violent but (7) ……… storm! Apart from the great rush of	EXCITE
adrenaline they get as they (8) ………. anticipate the	NERVOUS
(9) ………. of the tornado, these people are also motivated by the	ARRIVE
thought that they may go home with some (10) ……….,	IMPRESS
and possibly valuable, photographs.

Task 3

For Questions 1-15, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word, which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a plus (+ ) by the number. If a line has a word, which should not be there, write the word on the line. There are two examples at the beginning (0 and 00). Explain your choice.

	A HOLIDAY IN WINTER
0	Last December, I drove northwards across Europe to visit friends,	+
00	in Sweden. I must to admit that I really wasn’t very well prepared	to
1	for the trip. When I got off the car ferry, I immediately felt myself	_____
2	very cold. I soon realized that I had not brought enough and layers	_____
3	of warm clothes with me. So, before continuing my journey, I was	_____
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4	parked the car and went shopping. When I came back, however, the	_____
5	car wouldn’t start, because the water in my radiator had been frozen.	_____
6	If I had taken my car to a garage and have had special anti-freeze	_____

7liquid put in before I’d come, then I wouldn’t have had this problem. _____

8Anyway, after a few hours I got it fixed and I drove to the my friend’s_____

9	house just outside Stockholm. I was amazed at these how well the	_____
10	majority of Sweden seem cope in difficult weather conditions. The	_____
11	roads are cleared of any kind ice and snow very quickly and people	_____
12	is drive vehicles which are designed to perform reliably in bad	_____
13	weather. I wish that when it snowed in my country, all of any the	_____
14	buses ran on time and that the traffic moved as freely as it so does in	_____
15	Sweden. But then, I guess they’re more used to the snow than we are.	____

PART IV. WRITING

Write a story for an international magazine. The story must begin with the following words:

1.It all began when the telephone rang.

2.Maria looked at the map and realised she was completely lost. She decided to ask for help.

3.When Peter read the message from his friend, he knew there was no time to lose. He had to do something.

4.The old house looked abandoned. Sarah got off her bike and looked through the window.

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UNIT 7

PLACES. AT YOUR SERVICE

PART I. LISTENING

Task 1

1. Before you listen

a) Look at the lists below of three environmental problems and five things which ordinary people can do to help reduce these problems. Match the solutions (a-e) to the problems (1-3). Each solution can be applied to more than one problem.

Problems

1.We produce too much rubbish.

2.We are using too many natural resources (e.g. wood, oil, coal).

3.We are polluting the atmosphere.

b)Which of the things in list a-e

Solutions

a Recycle and reuse glass, paper and plastic.

b Refuse to buy products with a lot of packaging.

с Go on foot or use bicycles or public transport for short journeys.

d Use alternative energy sources (e.g. solar, wind or water power).

e Buy recycled paper products. do you or your family regularly do?

Task 1.1

You will hear a conversation between a journalist and a man who is a founder member of a self-sufficient community in Britain. For questions 1-10, fill in the answers.

Electricity for the community is generated from the wind and 1_________. The community members 2_______________ once a day.

3__________ is the only food eaten in but not produced by the community. The inspiration for the community came from 4_____________.

The community grew up around an existing 5______________.

The members of the community heard about it through 6______________. There are 7______________ people living in the community.

The roof of the round house is made of straw, earth, grass and 8_________. The windows face south in order to make the house 9______________. The materials for the round house cost less than ₤ 10________________.

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Task 1.2

You will hear five people talking about solutions to the problem of rubbish. For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-F which solution each speaker is referring to. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.

A	avoiding unnecessary packaging
B	recycling glass	Speaker 1	___1
C	recycling paper	Speaker 2	___2
D	reusing bottles and jars	Speaker 3	___3
E	reusing paper	Speaker 4	___4
F	using recycled products	Speaker 5	___5

Task 1.3

You will hear a radio programme discussing some new research into the environmental effects of cycling compared to driving. For questions 1-7, write Y (Yes) next to opinions which are expressed by any of the speakers and N (No) next to opinions which are not expressed at all.

1	The findings of the research are unexpected.	___1
2	In some circumstances, driving is more environment-friendly than cycling.	___2
3	The research was biased.	___3
4	The findings are inaccurate.	___4
5	Breathing problems are made worse by car fumes.	___5
6	People shouldn't use cars for short journeys.	___6
7	Car sharing is not popular at present.	___7

Task 2

a) Listen to the recording and choose the best option as you listen. (The questions follow the order of the text.)

You will hear a radio interview with a woman who won a lot of lottery. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer А, В or С.

1. What does Mandy say about her winning lottery ticket? A It was the first one she'd ever bought.

В She had a feeling it was going to win. С She was persuaded to buy it by a friend.

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2. How did Mandy's father react to the news that she'd won? A He was too shocked to speak.

В He became rather over-excited. С He rushed to tell her the news.

3. Mandy now feels that she made a mistake when A she allowed her win to be publicised.

Вshe trusted the people at the TV station. С she told her story to a newspaper reporter.

4.How did Mandy feel about the way certain people reacted to her win? A disappointed with close friends

Вunsure of strangers

Сannoyed by her family

5.What does Mandy say about her friend Louise?

A She refused to accept the gift Mandy bought her. В She became rude and unfriendly towards Mandy.

СShe couldn't help resenting Mandy's good fortune.

6.How did the begging letters affect Mandy?

A She wished she'd never won the lottery at all.

В She became angry with the people who sent them.

СShe realised that it wasn't right to have so much money.

7.What does Mandy feel about the money now?

A glad that she's given it all away

В content with the lifestyle it's given her С sorry that she didn't use it more wisely

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PART II. READING

Task 1

You're going to read an article written by Prince Charles, son of the British Queen, expressing his feelings about architecture in Britain today. Before reading, think of a city you have lived in, or know well, which has a number of modern buildings. How do you feel about them? Make a brief note of your thoughts. Now read the article and see if your views about modern architecture are similar to those of Prince Charles.

For far too long, it seems to me, some planners and architects have consistently ignored the feelings and wishes of the mass of ordinary people. Perhaps, when you think about it, it is hardly surprising, as architects tend to have been trained to design buildings from scratch – to tear down and rebuild. Consequently, a large number of people in Britain have developed a feeling that architects tend to design houses for the approval of fellow architects and critics, not for the tenants.

It has been most encouraging to see the development of Community Architecture as a natural reaction to the policy of decamping people to new towns and overspill estates where the extended family patterns of support were destroyed, and the community life was lost. Now we are seeing the gradual expansion of housing co-operatives, particularly in the inner city areas of Liverpool, where the tenants are able to work with an architect of their own who listens to their comments and their ideas and tries to design the kind of environment they want.

This sort of development, spearheaded as it is by such individuals as Rod Hackney and Ted Cullinan – a man after my own heart, as he believes strongly that the architect must produce something that is visually beautiful as well as socially useful – offers something very promising in terms of inner-city renewal and urban housing, not to mention community garden design.

What I believe is important about Community Architecture is that it has shown ‘ordinary’ people that their views are worth having; that architects and planners do not necessarily have the monopoly of knowing best about taste, style and planning. On that note, I can’t help thinking how much more worthwhile it would be if a community approach could be used in more new projects in London.

It would be a tragedy if the character and skyline of this capital city were to be

further ruined, and St Paul’s dwarfed, by yet another giant glass stump in Trafalgar

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Square, better suited to downtown Chicago than the City of London. It is hard to believe that before the last war, London must have had one of the most beautiful skylines of any great city, if those who recall it are to be believed.

Those who’d say that the affinity between buildings and the earth, in spite of the City’s immense size, was so close and organic that the houses looked almost as though they had grown out of the earth, and had not been imposed upon it – grown moreover, in such a way that as few trees as possible were thrust out of the way.

What, then, are we doing to our capital city now? What have we done to it since the bombing during the Second World War? What are we shortly to do to one of its most famous areas – Trafalgar Square?

Instead of designing an extension to the elegant facade of the National Gallery, which compliments it and continues the concept of columns and domes, it looks as if we may be presented with a kind of municipal fire station, complete with the sort of tower that contains the siren. I would understand better this type of high-tech approach if you demolished the whole of Trafalgar Square and started again with a single architect responsible for the entire layout, but what is proposed is like a monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved and elegant friend.

Apart from anything else, it defeats me why anyone wanting to display the early Renaissance pictures belonging to the Gallery should do so in a new gallery so manifestly at odds with the whole spirit of that age of astonishing proportion. Why can't we have those curves and arches that express feeling in design? What is wrong with them? Why has everything got to be vertical, straight, unbending, only at right angles and functional? As Goethe once said, “there is nothing more dreadful than imagination without taste.”

Read the following questions and In each case, choose the answer, А, according to the passage.

unfinished statements about the passage. В, С or D, which you think fits best

1 Why do modern architects frequently ignore the wishes of ordinary people?

A They do not care about what ordinary people think or want. В They have not been trained properly.

C They have been taught to design new buildings to replace older ones. D They are interested only in impressing fellow-architects.

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2 How does the writer explain the development of Community Architecture?

A People did not like living on camp sites while their new homes were built.

В As an objection to the disruption of families and communities. С People have designed the environment they want.

D People tried it out in Liverpool and it was seen to be very successful.

3 Community Architecture has shown that

A ordinary people’s ideas are worth more than those of architects. В ordinary people should always be consulted by architects.

С architects should not have monopolies.

D architects are not the only ones with good design ideas.

4 How was pre-war architecture in London different from modern architecture?

A Many people recall it as being beautiful.

В Environmentally-friendly building materials were used. С Trees were planted around houses.

D Houses blended in with the surroundings.

5 The writer would prefer Trafalgar Square to

A have new architecture in harmony with existing buildings. В be left completely untouched by new architecture.

С be re-designed entirely by one architect.

D have more curves and arches than it currently does.

6 In general, what are the writer’s views about architects?

AThey should be controlled by local communities.

ВThey should be more sensitive to the environment and to people’s wishes.

СThey should look to the Renaissance for inspiration when they design buildings.

D They should avoid the use of concrete and glass.

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Task 2

You are going to read a magazine article about shopping on the Internet. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

WHY DO SHOPPERS SHY AWAY FROM THE NET?

Shopping on the Internet should be easy and stress-free: no queues, no rude assistants. Yet, according to a recent study, people are still reluctant to buy from e- commerce sites. Dr Peter Lunt, a London university psychologist, spent two years analysing Internet shopping and found that books, CDs and travel tickets are the goods most often purchased online. He surveyed almost 900 people, surfing the Net with groups and talking to individuals in their own homes.

0 ___________H____________________________________________________

According to Lunt, the main explanations given for this reluctance to go e- shopping were the costs or computer equipment, fear of going online and concerns about the delivery and possible need to return products.

1________________________________________________________________

Acknowledging this difference, Lunt says “People recognise the convenience of e-commerce in principle, especially for grocery shopping, but it became clear that even the regular supermarket visit is a complex activity where personal and luxury items would be bought on impulse or with a specific occasion, person or meal in mind. It's hard to reproduce the pleasure of this experience using an unfriendly list-based computer program.”

2________________________________________________________________

Lunt believes there are three groups of people who do not shop online. The first has little knowledge of the Internet, but is potentially interested. “They’re a prime target for limited e-services delivered by digital TV,” he adds. “The second group tends to be older, less educated and, Lunt believes, may be left behind. Members of the third group are relatively wealthy and computer literate, but have other reasons for not shopping on the web.

3_________________________________________________________________

And even amongst those who do shop online, most viewed it as an alternative. They are thinking more of the integration of e-commerce services into their current household routine, rather than taking the opportunity to rethink how

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