- •I. Read and memorize the following words and expressions:
- •II. Make up sentences:
- •Exercises
- •I. Study the text carefully. Act as a guide of the group of tourists visiting
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Give English equivalents:
- •IV. Complete the following sentences:
- •V. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •IV. Speak of Odessa according to the plan:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Read the dialogue paying attention to the use of Present, Past and Future Continuous
- •II. Put the verb into the correct form:
- •III. Write sentences saying :
- •IV. Put the verb into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past Indefinite:
- •V. Translate into English:
- •VI. Make the following sentences passive:
- •VII. Make up sentences using the table:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following :
- •III. Illustrative dialogues. Memorise these dialogues. Practise them in pairs. Make up
- •IV. Retell these funny stories:
- •I. Study the new words:
- •II. Form the adjectives from the following words:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions on Text a:
- •II. Find the English equivalents in the text:
- •II. Read the situation and write sentences from the words in brackets. Use Past Perfect:
- •III. Answer the questions using the given words:
- •IV. A) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the tense form of the
- •V. Choose the correct form of the verbs (Past Simple or Past Perfect). Translate into
- •VI. Transform the sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and expressions:
- •II. Read and translate:
- •III. Select the right vocabulary definitions to the following words:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Complete the following sentences translating the words in the brackets into English:
- •III. Translate the words, characterizing climate, memorize them and say what climate is
- •IV. Before reading Text b find the answers to the following questions:
- •V. Read, translate and title:
- •VI. Read and say what you should do to protect yourself during a thunderstorm:
- •IV. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative: not forget to use "do", "did",
- •V. Change the following sentences into Past and Future:
- •VI. Translate into English paying attention to the modals and their equivalents:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer these questions:
- •II. Read the dialogues and reproduce them in pairs:
- •III. Translate the following examples of weather forecasts into Ukrainian:
- •IV. Describe what the weather is typically like in our city (town):
- •V. Read the idioms or proverbs below and try to work out what they mean. Do you have
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and expressions:
- •II. Read and translate:
- •III. Select the right vocabulary definitions to the following words: air, Earth, water, sea,
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Translate the following sentences , paying attention to:
- •III. Complete the following sentences translating the words in brackets into English:
- •IV. Read, translate and title:
- •V. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in the brackets. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI. Before reading Text в find the answers to the following questions:
- •VII. Translate without the dictionary and answer the question “Why is the hydrology
- •VIII. Translate into Ukrainian without a dictionary:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Translate the following sentences , paying attention to the predicate in the Passive Voice:
- •II. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the different meanings of the preposition
- •III. Rewrite the sentences changing where it is possible Active Voice into Passive Voice:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the given verbs in the Active or Passive Voice:
- •V. Translate into English:
- •VI. What Ukrainian sentences corresponds to English ?
- •VII. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the composite conjunctions:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the composite prepositions:
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in Text с the sentences about:
- •II. Translate the following sentences , paying attention to the:
- •III. Fill in the blanks and translate the following sentences :
- •IV. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •V. Speak about the hydrologic cycle using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations.
- •II. Read and translate:
- •III. Find some derivatives from the following verbs and translate them:
- •Exercises
- •V. Give titles to every passage of text a.
- •VI. Retell the text according to the plan:
- •Assignments
- •II. Put the Infinitives in brackets into the right Tense according to the rules of the Sequense
- •III. Cору, underline the predicates and translate the sentences:
- •Exercises
- •I. Find the answers to the following questions:
- •II. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations ( consult Text с ):
- •III. Choose the correct variant:
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words. Memorize them:
- •II. Read, translate and learn the following word combinations:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Give English equivalents:
- •III. Give title to every passage of text a.
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Give English equivalents:
- •III. Give titles to every passage of Text b.
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Give English equivalents:
- •III. Give titles to every passage of Text c. Lexico - Grammatical Exercises
- •I. Choose the best word to complete the sentences:
- •II. Eight verbs are missing from these lists. What are they? Put the verbs in the correct tense
- •Infinitive Past Indefinite Past Participle
- •III. A. Complete the sentences below. Choose a word or phrase from each column to put in the spaces:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •I. Decide if the speaker is talking about routine activities or activities going on at the moment
- •II. Decide whether the verbs refer to general activities or current projects. Put the verbs into the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous:
- •III. In the following exercise, decide whether these situations are permanent or temporary. Put the verbs into the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.
- •IV. A. Irregular verbs. Write in the missing form of each of the irregular verbs below. Each verb can be used with the expressions on the right:
- •Indefinite Past Indefinite Expressions
- •V. Complete the following passage by putting the verb into the Past Indefinite:
- •VI. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous:
- •VII. Rewrite these sentences, using the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous:
- •VIII. In the dialogue, put the verbs into the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect:
- •IX. Read the following letter. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite, Present Perfect, or Present Perfect Continuous:
- •XI. Make the following sentences past:
- •XII. Present, Past, Present Perfect: check. Write the verbs in the correct tense:
- •XIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Indefinite or the Present Indefinite:
- •XV. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the future, using the Future Indefinite or
- •XVI. Look through the notes about the building of a new factory. Say what will be happening
- •XVII. Look at the information. Then put the verb into the right tense:
- •XVIII. Look at the results of an opinion poll asking voters which party they will support at
- •XX. The Future: check. Write the following sentences in the correct form (Present
- •XXI. A person who works in the Personnel Department is explaining how they select
- •XXII. Rewrite these sentences in the Passive. The subject of the active sentence can usually
- •XXIII. Rewrite these sentences using the Causative, changing some words if necessary:
- •XXIV. Indirect Speech. Use reporting verbs like replied, answered, stated, commented,
- •XXV. A. Read this account of a telephone call. Write the questions the customer asked.
- •Indirect questions and put them in the correct places in the conversation:
IV. Retell these funny stories:
1. A bus was crowded. A passenger sitting next to the window suddenly closed his eyes and turned his head aside. The man next to him asked, “Are you ill ? Can I do anything for you ? ”. “I’m quite well,” the other answered. “I just hate to see old ladies standing.”
2. A man with his wife and four children was spending Sunday in the country. When night came on, he decided to take taxi home. Coming up to the driver he asked: “How much will you take to drive us to Riverside Street ?” “Two dollars for you and your wife”, answered the driver. “And I’ll take the four children along for nothing,” he added. The man turned up to his children and said : “Jump in, kids, and have a nice ride home. Mummy and I will take the underground.”
3. A woman with a dog got on a London bus one wet day. She said, “Oh, conductor, if I pay for my dog, may he have a seat like the other passengers ?” The conductor looked at the dog and answered, “Certainly. He may have a seat like all the other passengers so long as he doesn’t put his feet on it.”
LESSON 6 enviromental protection
Grammar: Perfect Tenses (Active and Passive)
PRE-TEXT EXERCISES
I. Study the new words:
1) Contaminate make dirty, impure or diseased.
2) Disturb put out of the right or usual position; upset.
3) Ecology a branch of biology that deals with the habits of living things,
especially their relation to their environment.
4) Endanger put in danger; cause danger to.
5) Environment surroundings.
6) Exhaust use up completely.
7) Pollute make dirty.
II. Form the adjectives from the following words:
Ecology, environment, science, technology, industry, nature, politics, nation.
III. Answer the questions:
1) What do you know about ecology as a branch of biology ?
2) Do we live in the century of science and technology ?
3) What “dangerous” inventions do you know ?
Text A THE PROBLEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
The scientific and technological progress of the twentieth century resulted in widespread mechanization, spaceships, atomic power stations, pipelines, new roads and highways. But it can not be denied that the price for rapid industrial development is very high: natural resources are exhausted; the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed; some species of flora and fauna disappear; soil, water and air are contaminated with toxic wastes ; industrial waters, chemicals and fertilizers are endangering lakes and rivers. Big cities have a problem of air pollution.
Ten years ago the word "ecology" hardly meant anything for the majority of people , but today we can't help bearing it in our minds. So, environmental protection is the main problem facing humanity nowadays.
There is no doubt that soil, water and air are contaminated with toxic wastes. Over the past few years we have been constantly speaking about ozone holes, droughts, high levels of radiation, about food contaminated with chemicals. Scientists in many countries are very much concerned about drastic changes in weather patterns. Weather patterns have been changing recently due to the global warming-up and its major reason the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is created by carbon dioxide emissions, released by industrial facilities and a constantly increasing number of cars. Thus it is of vital importance that the world should start cutting down the release of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.
What is the reason for people getting so much worried about the state of environment? The answer to this question is fairly simple. The thing is the deterioration of the environment is telling heavily on people. They are paying for this with their health. And it is obvious what all people need is a healthy environment.
The protection of environment is becoming a political programme in every country. Numerous antipollution acts in different countries led to considerable improvements in environment. But people all over the world should combine efforts to solve the serious problem of environmental protection. The Environmental activists stress that it is necessary to raise safety standards at all industrial facilities, to adequately process by-products of industry, to set up an international space laboratory to monitor the state of environment and set up an international centre for emergency environmental assistance. All these measures will help us in solving the vital problems and prevent the future generation from dangerous illnesses and diseases caused by polluted environment.