- •I. Read and memorize the following words and expressions:
- •II. Make up sentences:
- •Exercises
- •I. Study the text carefully. Act as a guide of the group of tourists visiting
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Give English equivalents:
- •IV. Complete the following sentences:
- •V. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •IV. Speak of Odessa according to the plan:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Read the dialogue paying attention to the use of Present, Past and Future Continuous
- •II. Put the verb into the correct form:
- •III. Write sentences saying :
- •IV. Put the verb into the correct form, Past Continuous or Past Indefinite:
- •V. Translate into English:
- •VI. Make the following sentences passive:
- •VII. Make up sentences using the table:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following :
- •III. Illustrative dialogues. Memorise these dialogues. Practise them in pairs. Make up
- •IV. Retell these funny stories:
- •I. Study the new words:
- •II. Form the adjectives from the following words:
- •III. Answer the questions:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions on Text a:
- •II. Find the English equivalents in the text:
- •II. Read the situation and write sentences from the words in brackets. Use Past Perfect:
- •III. Answer the questions using the given words:
- •IV. A) Translate the sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the tense form of the
- •V. Choose the correct form of the verbs (Past Simple or Past Perfect). Translate into
- •VI. Transform the sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and expressions:
- •II. Read and translate:
- •III. Select the right vocabulary definitions to the following words:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Complete the following sentences translating the words in the brackets into English:
- •III. Translate the words, characterizing climate, memorize them and say what climate is
- •IV. Before reading Text b find the answers to the following questions:
- •V. Read, translate and title:
- •VI. Read and say what you should do to protect yourself during a thunderstorm:
- •IV. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative: not forget to use "do", "did",
- •V. Change the following sentences into Past and Future:
- •VI. Translate into English paying attention to the modals and their equivalents:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer these questions:
- •II. Read the dialogues and reproduce them in pairs:
- •III. Translate the following examples of weather forecasts into Ukrainian:
- •IV. Describe what the weather is typically like in our city (town):
- •V. Read the idioms or proverbs below and try to work out what they mean. Do you have
- •I. Read and memorize the following words and expressions:
- •II. Read and translate:
- •III. Select the right vocabulary definitions to the following words: air, Earth, water, sea,
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Translate the following sentences , paying attention to:
- •III. Complete the following sentences translating the words in brackets into English:
- •IV. Read, translate and title:
- •V. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in the brackets. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI. Before reading Text в find the answers to the following questions:
- •VII. Translate without the dictionary and answer the question “Why is the hydrology
- •VIII. Translate into Ukrainian without a dictionary:
- •Grammar exercises
- •I. Translate the following sentences , paying attention to the predicate in the Passive Voice:
- •II. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the different meanings of the preposition
- •III. Rewrite the sentences changing where it is possible Active Voice into Passive Voice:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the given verbs in the Active or Passive Voice:
- •V. Translate into English:
- •VI. What Ukrainian sentences corresponds to English ?
- •VII. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the composite conjunctions:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the composite prepositions:
- •Exercises
- •I. Find in Text с the sentences about:
- •II. Translate the following sentences , paying attention to the:
- •III. Fill in the blanks and translate the following sentences :
- •IV. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •V. Speak about the hydrologic cycle using the following words and word-combinations:
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations.
- •II. Read and translate:
- •III. Find some derivatives from the following verbs and translate them:
- •Exercises
- •V. Give titles to every passage of text a.
- •VI. Retell the text according to the plan:
- •Assignments
- •II. Put the Infinitives in brackets into the right Tense according to the rules of the Sequense
- •III. Cору, underline the predicates and translate the sentences:
- •Exercises
- •I. Find the answers to the following questions:
- •II. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations ( consult Text с ):
- •III. Choose the correct variant:
- •I. Practise the pronunciation of the following words. Memorize them:
- •II. Read, translate and learn the following word combinations:
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Give English equivalents:
- •III. Give title to every passage of text a.
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Give English equivalents:
- •III. Give titles to every passage of Text b.
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Give English equivalents:
- •III. Give titles to every passage of Text c. Lexico - Grammatical Exercises
- •I. Choose the best word to complete the sentences:
- •II. Eight verbs are missing from these lists. What are they? Put the verbs in the correct tense
- •Infinitive Past Indefinite Past Participle
- •III. A. Complete the sentences below. Choose a word or phrase from each column to put in the spaces:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •I. Decide if the speaker is talking about routine activities or activities going on at the moment
- •II. Decide whether the verbs refer to general activities or current projects. Put the verbs into the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous:
- •III. In the following exercise, decide whether these situations are permanent or temporary. Put the verbs into the Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.
- •IV. A. Irregular verbs. Write in the missing form of each of the irregular verbs below. Each verb can be used with the expressions on the right:
- •Indefinite Past Indefinite Expressions
- •V. Complete the following passage by putting the verb into the Past Indefinite:
- •VI. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous:
- •VII. Rewrite these sentences, using the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous:
- •VIII. In the dialogue, put the verbs into the Past Indefinite or the Present Perfect:
- •IX. Read the following letter. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite, Present Perfect, or Present Perfect Continuous:
- •XI. Make the following sentences past:
- •XII. Present, Past, Present Perfect: check. Write the verbs in the correct tense:
- •XIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Indefinite or the Present Indefinite:
- •XV. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the future, using the Future Indefinite or
- •XVI. Look through the notes about the building of a new factory. Say what will be happening
- •XVII. Look at the information. Then put the verb into the right tense:
- •XVIII. Look at the results of an opinion poll asking voters which party they will support at
- •XX. The Future: check. Write the following sentences in the correct form (Present
- •XXI. A person who works in the Personnel Department is explaining how they select
- •XXII. Rewrite these sentences in the Passive. The subject of the active sentence can usually
- •XXIII. Rewrite these sentences using the Causative, changing some words if necessary:
- •XXIV. Indirect Speech. Use reporting verbs like replied, answered, stated, commented,
- •XXV. A. Read this account of a telephone call. Write the questions the customer asked.
- •Indirect questions and put them in the correct places in the conversation:
VI. Transform the sentences from Active Voice into Passive Voice:
-
Present Perfect Passive is
have
has
been +
shown
cleaned
written
etc.
Past Perfect Passive is
had
been +
shown
cleaned
written
etc.
1) Somebody has broken the window. 2) Nobody has written a letter to Helen. 3) Somebody has stolen Nock’s keys. 4) The mechanics have already repaired my car. 5) Nobody has posted the letter yet. 6) Nobody has invited me to the Party. 7) Nobody has cleaned the room. 8) Has anybody washed the shirt ? 9) Has anybody cut down the trees ? 10) Has anybody repaired the TV-set ? 11) The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it. 12) The flowers looked fresh. Somebody had watered them. 13) The shirt was very clean. Somebody had washed it. 14) The delegation arrived in Kyiv. The government had invited the delegation. 15) The mechanics hadn’t repaired the car by yesterday so we couldn’t use it. 16) Nobody had finished the test-paper by the end of the lesson yesterday.
VII. Translate into English:
l) Я ніколи не бачив цього чоловіка. 2) Хто вже закінчив завдання ? 3) Ми живемо у цьому місті з 1980 року. 4) З тих пір пройшло 30 років. 5) Конференція вже закінчилась до того часу, як приїхала делегація з Іспанії. 6) Вікна вже вимили ? Так, вони були вимиті до суботи. 7) З тих пір ми не зустрічались. 8) Ви коли-небудь бачили цей фільм ? 9) Мої батьки побрались з 20 років. 10) Ключі ще не знайдені. 11) Ключі не були знайдені до того часу як ми повернулись. 12) Хто-небудь бачив мої окуляри ? 13) Скільки разів ви були у Лондоні ? Я ніколи не був там. 14) Будівельники завершать роботу до кінця року. 15) Йому казали про це ? Так, йому казали про це багато разів.
Text B
Read and translate, then discuss:
The Earth’s ozone layer, found principally 20-50 kilometres up in the stratosphere, protects the Earth’s surface from some of the more damaging wavelengths of ultraviolet radiation and plays a number of important roles in regulating the planet’s temperature. It also acts as heat sink for the stratosphere. Changes in ozone concentrations and distribution therefore affect the Earth’s surface temperature; and decreases in ozone concentrations allow more ultraviolet radiation to reach the surface, with potentially damaging consequences for living organisms.
The wavelengths that are partially blocked by ozone can cause sunburn, snow blindness, eye damage, skin cancer and the ageing of skin. If ozone levels were to fall significantly, plant growth rates could be reduced, resulting in lower crop and timber yields. There might also be widespread effects on aquatic life, including edible fish, because marine algae, living at the top of the aquatic food chain, are particularly susceptible to ultraviolet radiation.
Recent observations have revealed a number of ozone losses caused by human action. Ozone levels over the Antarctic, for example, have fallen progressively over the years, and now about 50 per cent lower that they were 15 years ago.
More research and control measures are urgently required to save the Earth’s ozone layer from depletion.
algae, pl [ ] морські водорослі
susceptible to виключно чутливий до
particularly надзвичайно
LESSON 7 climate and weather
Grammar: Model Verbs and their equivalents
PRE-TEXT EXERCISES