electrohimiya_toplivnyh_el_zac
.pdfG + . B / -& *:
Li e Li . |
(4.25) |
, , ) . $, - |
, *, ! B
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. ? , ! # . |
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& & , . . B- |
, ) * # - , & * # G * * . I ) #G , ,* & # . . ,! , ! ! . B
# ! ! |
* : |
O2 + M + H3O e MHO2 + H2O , |
(4.26) |
MHO2 + M MO + MOH , |
(4.27) |
MO + H3O e MOH + H2O , |
(4.28) |
2MOH + 2H3O+ 2e 2M+ + 4H2O . |
(4.29) |
< ) G * ) :
O2 + 4H3O+ 4e 6H2O . |
(4.30) |
@ # ( ) ! |
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#* ( ), * ) . & !# ! . B #, - B (4.29) , - # G & . ! & , ! -, -B # # ! .
+. &B # # B . * ! &) ! , ! -& & . !, , ! &-, & . ? ,, ! & -& B G ! -G # ) # . & ,
101
# & # - B , # & # - . B ! . 4.9.
4.3. -& Q)'3 *&'5 3
I ! # - , , * # , - * . % * B& # ! * #, B *# R1, R2, R3, * -, * Ri .
(CH3OH)! ( ?3?)
( ?3*) (* ?2?)
(HCHO)!(? ? ) ( ?2*) (: ? ?)
(* ? )
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(? *) (* ?)
(2)! (*2)
. 4.9. >
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! & * # & - , * , , # , & - ) ! & B # , , *-G ! & G * #*, # . -, * ## ) , - # . ' , , . 4.10, #
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' ) , # #- G .
. 4.11. 7 /I+
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4.36 |
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4.37 |
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4.4.%' *-*& = &0 *& & ' & = &(0/ ' '6 ( & +-(* + (' / 3+
4.4.1.%
! , * &-! –! , # !-. ! & , ! -! & , , -
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, # # !-& . ; * ** *:
A B [AB]* C D , |
(4.38) |
& A – & , D – , [AB]* – -. & , ! - *, # # ! && . 4.12, # (u) B # :
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105
, # )# .
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< & B ) # # & -# .
# G !-:
M AB e MA B. |
(4.43) |
-:
M H3O e MH H2O . |
(4.44) |
% ! & # # ! & B ) # - |
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B , # |
# # H+–H2O |
& , & B * -# # (–? ( ) ):
M + H H2O e [M H H2O] e MH H2O. |
(4.45) |
%. F B , ! -
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& ! , # # ! & H H2O # – !- , # ! &MHx. #, ! ! & -& . # , &-# ! &H H2O VF # #- & ( . 4.13). @ # V – # & - , E0 EV – ! & ( ) B ) -
106
V; ~E0* ~EV* – ! & ) B , E0* EV* – ! & .
M ! & ) B -#G , & . ' ) , -) B ) # :
k k0 |
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& k0 – ; Œ – -, , #- * ! & * ) B & -& V.
# ! &
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; !
. 4.13. < ++ ˆ+–ˆ2G
! $+ &–ˆ> +
' B , ## B ! ,) # , -& , . . # !& ! –! B# .– ) B-& !-, . . , B , - * .
% ) * , ) & .
107
< +. ' B , -, ! -B (4.46), # u -& ) - . ? , & # (4.44) :
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& u• uŽ – ) B * - * ) :
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& CH3O – ?3 +, ‰ – ! ,
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CH3O (1 , )exp) |
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B # * * #) - ) & . C (? – ! B ,. @ ! * - B :
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MH + H3O+ e |
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M + H2 + H2O . |
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(4.51)
(4.52)
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2k 2,2 k 2 (1 , 2 )PH2 |
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-
(4.53)
(4.54)
108
B (4.51) ) , (4.52) – ! ) . < B , B #,, –#. (4.53) # # - , # (? , ‰.
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i F k CO |
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# & G R. , ) & , # *. ! -# ) (i0) B ) # # ) : i• – iŽ = 0. ' &
i0 i i0 Fk 0CO exp |
Vr F |
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Fk 00CR exp |
(1 )VR F |
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(4.57) |
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M (4.57) B # B ) & |
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k 00 |
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& ? . |
& – ! |
) &25 º . & B -) & & . B ) B ) B , * * ) & , & ! , * # # .
4.4.2. -
& -* , . . - & G & !) & . @ ! G &
109
G & ) ! )(4.51), (4.52). & ,& , * * * ! & * ( . . ) #G # & ) # ), & # *#*, kT/h, & , ) ! & . ' B & , -* ?+ – ?2, ! , & * * ( ?+–?2 (–?. I B , ! # & , & &( ( . 4.13). $ ! B , # - ! B )^ # # ) * *, # G * ,.
? . 4.14 # # ! & , - ) ! #. & ;. . " , ! & ) # ! B #, -) # : 1) # & -! #* , B & e2/4x, & x – ! ; 2) -B ! # . 0 # < . 4.14 – ) ‹, ) , ) ! )# . 0 # CD – ) , ) -! ) # - . * : # * ?3 +; !- ; (–? ; B ).
0 ! & < (EL) CD (ER) B # |
* )- |
: |
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EL - , |
(4.59) |
ER (I L A R), |
(4.60) |
& I – ! & ; L – ! & B ; A – ! & ); R – ! & B-, )& , ! .
110