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% ) & ! ( #/ ), z+ = z– = z Z :
103 zFC(u u ) . |
(3.15) |
@ # # ! -! . 3.2.
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3.4. 3 0'3 6 ( & (* '3 = 5-*&
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! & B . B -! & , # , &, ) * B , B B . # & , B # & B , , B . ! B# ( !-& B ), B * & .
& B . & ! -# ! , )-# . B ! -G . , -B G -
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B B .#* & - , . ! & ,# * * B && ) ) B & . *! ! & B ) # - B . ' ) , , * *-# B ! , # , !-* # ) :
F F0 (F F ) , |
(3.23) |
& F – ; F , F – ! & - |
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(3.23), |
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!c !" ( ! ! ) , |
(3.24) |
& ~" ~" – #G ! |
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& ! & B - * , - . % & & B ! , , ! * .
3.5.( & (* '3 = 5-*& & ( 5:+ '*= ' (00:+ 6 ( & &
G , , & ,. M G * B -G , . , -# * , * * ,# B G . ; *G : 1) , * * BG & G ! & – A ; 2) , * * - & G , & G # –• . B ! & ! & - # , )^ ! #: & , .
* , & )-# & . !
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# ! & . ' # . ? ,AgI ! , BaCl2 – .
G #! #. --* . ! & -* * ! * #, * *-# G :
lg A B /T , |
(3.25) |
& A – .
% , ) * #*,A ( !-). B -& * , & , &.
3.6. ' 0 (*0:( 6 ( & 50:( = /(**:
3.6.1. #$&
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# & –! -:
M solv M z solv ze . |
(3.26) |
I #G ,& B , -* # & G *. I & B -) #G ,B B # . B& , ! – ,
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! . # ! & -) * ! &! , .
* * - ) #- # , B #* :
1 A1 2 A2 ze 3 A3 4 A4 . |
(3.27) |
I ! #(Ox) (Red) , #:
Ox ze Red . |
(3.28) |
; * ) ) ! . -! & ) ! * - , B *, ) * -) & & . ) & ! B # , B Cu2+. B - B Cu2+ + 2e– • Cu Cu • Cu2+ + 2e–.) ! , , # - . 2H+ + 2e– • H2Cu • Cu2+ + 2e–. M ) ! & ) # )-
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(3.29) |
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Ox1 ze Red1 ; Ox2 ze Red2 , |
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(3.30) |
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Ox1 Red2 Red 1 Ox2 . |
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(3.31) |
CuSO4 + Zn Cu + ZnSO4. |
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Zn + Cu2 Zn2 |
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(3.32) |
! - , ! – ! B ( % ), & ) , * &, .
) ! ! & ) # -) ( ) . 0 , * * ) # !-, ! & , -) & . I B -
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, ) # )-! .
3.6.2.( .
# ) , *( . 3.4), & - B , -*. ! & * . % ! # , & .
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. 3.4. +
B !-€!, ) - & ! ! & :
zFE , |
(3.33) |
& ƒ – , * ) !- & # & ) & )# .
B (1) & * (2) )-! .! ) 1 #@1 @2. I & - B , ) &) # * ) ! . ( ) ) B # # !-:
1 2 1 2 (zFƒ 1 |
zFƒ 2 ). |
(3.34) |
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(3.35) |
1 2 1 zFƒ 1 2 |
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B & B-G ) ! B* & , -( #) . ; & - * ! , -) # * #, . . #, )-.# & – &1 ( 1–2); &1 – &2 ( 3–4); &2 – L ( 5–6); L – &1 ( 7–8); &1 – ( 9–10). E &, ) ! & B # & & ) -) , - . - * B 1–2 9–10. ; # -& #-. ,. 3.4, & #- * B 3–4, 5–6, 7–8. % ! :
ƒ ƒ &1 ƒ&1& 2 ƒ& 2L ƒLM1 E&1 . |
(3.36) |
# ƒ &1 = –ƒ&1 , |
(3.37) |
ƒ ƒ&1& 2 ƒ& 2L ƒLM1 EM1M 2 ELM1 ELM2 . |
<) * &–! # # , B - # # ! . @ ! * # & !- , & . ' !-! ) ! . @ ! ! B *G . % # (hPt,H2hLh(! Lh(, &) ELM:
ELM E EMPt,H2 ELM ELPt,H2 . |
(3.38) |
# # (3.38), B # !- |
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ELM1 ELM2 , . 3.4: |
(3.39) |
ƒ ELM1 ƒLM 2 E E . |
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& ( B # & ) & ( #- & ) ! .
! * ) : ! , ( #*), & B #*
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1 #·–1, ) & ) & 100 ; T = 298 K.
# ) , !-
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H2 2H 2e . |
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(3.42)
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3.43 |
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< # & (Z ) , ! , & & ! (ZM), ? :
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