02-09-2014_16-40-43 / 2013 Пакеты прикладных программ
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cnoco6oM.
A6co111omHble npRMOYWAbHble KoopiJuHambl acer.n:a H3MepHIDTCSI OT
ToqKH Haqana TeKy:rn;eH IlCK. B cnyqae HCIIOJ1h30BaHHH TaKoro «t>opMaTa Ha 3anpoc CHCTeMbl 0 MeCTOIIOJIO)l{eHHH TOqKH BBOMT c KJiaBHaTypbl qHcJieHHOe 3HaqeHHe KOOp,D:HHaTbl x H qepe3 3anHTyio 3HaqeHHe KOOp,llHHaTbl y - .. .point 3, 7.
A6coA1omm"e noARpHble KOOpOUHambl TaKXe H3MepHIOTCH OT TOqKH
Haqana TeKy:rn;eH CHCTeMhl KOOp,D:HHaT. ,[(.ml BBO,D:a KOOp,llHHaT TOqKH, Kor.ua H3BeCTHhl ttanpaBJieHHe H ,llJIHHa BeKTopa (paCCTOSIHHe OT Haqana KOOP.D:HHaT), CHaqana tty)l{HO BBeCTH paCCTOHHHe, a 3aTeM cne- I.J,HaJihHblH CHMBOJI - 3HaK MeHbIIIe ( <) H HanpaBJieHHe B rpa.uycax. 3a IIOJIO)KHTeJibHOe HanpaBJieHHe H3MeHeHHH yrna rrpHHHMaeTCH aparn;eHHe rrpOTHB qacoao:H CTpeJIKH OT IlOJIO)KHTeJibHOfO HanpaBJieHHH
OCH x - ...point 10<45.
225
B a6coJIIOTHhIX npHMOyroJihHhIX H noJIHpHhIX Koop;::i;1rnaTax onpe;::i;e- JIHeTcH HaqaJihHaH TOqKa ,lJ;JIH BhIIIOJIHeHHH nOCTPOeHHH H306pIDKeHHH ;::i;eTaJIH. O;::i;HaKo KOHCTPYJCTOP pe;::i;Ko JHaeT a6coJIIOTHhie Koop;::i;HHaThI BCex ToqeK nOCTPOeHHH, no3TOMY TaKHe <PopMaTbl BBO,lla JHaqeHHH KOOp,llHHaT npHMeHHIOTCH o6bJllHO TOJlhKO Ha HaqaJibHOH CTa,ll;HH pa-
60Thl Ha,ll; npoeKTOM.
Omnocume.nbHble npRMoywllbHble Koopounambt He JaBHCHT OT ToqKH
Haqana CHCTeMhl KOOp,ll;HHaT. OniocHTeJibHbie KOOp,llHHaTbI - 3TO CMern;eHHH no OCHM x H y OT npe,llhl,llYIUe:H BBe,lleHHOH TOqKH qepTexa.
,[{Jul BBO,lla OTHOCHTeJibHhIX KOOp,llHHaT ToqeK c KJiaBHaTYPhl Heo6xo- ,llHMO CHaqana BBeCTH cneu;HaJihHhlH CHMBOJI @ (HIDKaTHeM KOM6HHaU:HH KJiaBHIII [Shift] H [2]), JaTeM - npHparn;eHHe no OCH Op,llHHaT DX, Janmy10 H npHparn;eHHe no OCH a6cu;Hcc DY - ...point @4,5.
Omnocume.nbHble no/IJlpHble Koopounambt onpe,lleJIHIOT nonoxeHHe
TOqKH no paCCTOHHHIO H yr.rry OT npe,llhlJlYIUeH BBe,lleHHOH TOqKH qep-
Texa.
,[{Jul BBO,lla KOOp,llHHaT TOqKH, OTCTOHrn;e:H OT npe,llhlJlYIUeH Ha Ja- ,llaHHOe paCCTOHHHe H B Ja,ll;aHHOM HanpaBJieHHH, Heo6XO,ll;HMO CHaqaJia
BBeCTH cneu;HaJihHhIH CHMBOJI @, JaTeM paCCTOHHHe, JHaK MeHbIIIe
(<) H HanpaBJieHHe B rpa,eycax - ...point @4<45.
BBeCTH OTHOCHTeJibHbie KOOp,llHHaTbl TOqKH HaMHOro nporn;e, qeM a6coJIIOTHhie. Oco6eHHO YJl06HO HCnOJihJOBaTb OTHOCHTeJibHble KOOp- ,llHHaTbl npH nOCTPOeHHH H306pIDKeHHH ,lleTane:H, KOTOpbie B OCHOBHOM COCTOHT HJ ropHJOHTaJihHhlX H BepTHKaJihHhIX JIHHHM (BaJIOB, oce:H,
<PnaHu;eB H ,llp.).
3a.z.auae KOOp,!UIHaT TO~eK ope COBMeCTHOM HCDOnL30BaHHH Kna-
BHaTYJJbl H MblWH. 3TOT cnoco6 npHMeHHeTCH, KOr,lla JapaHee HJBecTHO paCCTOHHHe Me)J(,lly ,llBYM5J ToqKaMH (MHHa 0Tpe3Ka), OH nOJBOJIHeT COKpaTHTh qHCJIO ,llaHHhIX, BBO,llHMhIX npH nocTpOeHHH H306pa- )J(eHHM. flpH HCnOJihJOBaHHH 3T0f0 cnoco6a He06XO,llHMO npe,llBapHTeJibHO HaCTPOHTh H BKJIIOqHTh pe)J(HM qepqeHHH Polar, B KOTopoM CHCTeMa npoBO,llHT JIHHHH nocTpoeHHH no,ll yrJiaMH, Ja,ll;aHHhIMH
noJlh3oBareneM. BKJIIOqHTh 3TOT pe)J(HM MO)J(HO qepeJ ,ll;HaJIOroBoe OKHO pe)J(HMOB qepqeHHH (MeHIO Tools), a TaKXe c noMo-
W:hIO KJiaBHIIIH [FlO] HJIH COOTBeTcTBy10rn;e:H KHOnKH CTPOKH COCTOHHHH.
EcJIH Ja,ll;aHa HaqaJihHaH TOqKa, TO ,lJ;JIH BBO,lla KOOp,llHHaT TOqKH, OTCTOHrn;e:H OT Hee Ha Ja,ll;aHHOe paCCTOHHHe B Ja,ll;aHHOM HanpaBJieHHH, Heo6xo;::i;HMO cHaqana nepeMeCTHTh rpa<l>HqecKH:H KYPCOp B xe-
naeMOM HanpaBJieHHH, a JaTeM Ja;::i;aTh B KOMaH,llHOM CTPOKe TPe6yeMOe paCCTOHHHe - ...point 45.
,[(aHHhIM cnoco6 TaKXe npeKpaCHO pa6oTaeT B opTOfOHaJihHOM pe- )J(HMe ( Ortho).
3a.z.aHHe KOOp,!UIHaT TO~eK c DOMODU>IO pe1K11Ma 061.eKTHoii npHB.S13-
KH. 06neKTHaH npHBHJKa ( Osnap) noJBOJIHeT CTPOHTh HOBhie TOqKH
Ha qepTexe, npHBH3hIBaHCh K xapaKTepHhIM TOqKaM CYIUeCTBYJOW:HX
226
o6beKTOB IUIH OTHOCHTenbHO HHX. <l>yttKU;IUI o6beKTHOH rrpHBH3KH co.uep)IUfT Ha6op MHCTpyMeHTOB, Il03BOAAIOIIJ.HX BbIITOnHHTb TO'IHbie reoMeTpH'lecKHerrocTpoeHJUI.
CHa11ana Heo6xo.u11Mo HaCTpOMTb H BKJIID'IHTbpe)IUfM Osnap. HaCTpOHKa ocy:mecTBAAeTCH B .UMMOfOBOM OKHe pe)IUfMOB, Bbl3bIBae-
MOM 11epe3 MeHIO HncmpyMenmw *IlapaMempw Cfepme:»Ca RJIH c rroMo-
IIJ.blO KOMaH,Il;hI Osnap nH6o HaJKaTMeM rrpaBOH KHOITKH MbIIIIH rrpH yr<.a3aHHH Ha HHAHKaTOpe B CTpOKe cocTOHHJUI pe)IUfMa Onpu6. Bh16paHHbIH pe)IUfM Osnap 6y.ueT .uelicTBOBaTb TOnhKO B Te11eHHe TeKy:mero ceaHca, T. e . .uo Tex rrop, noKa nonb30BaTenb ero He BbIKJIID'IHTRJIH tte Ha3Ha'IHTHOBbre ycTaHOBKH. B cMcTeMe npe,n;ycMoTpeHa TaIOKe B03MO)l(HOCTh BpeMeHHOfO OTKJilO'leHJUInoCTOHHHOro pe)IUfMa, AAA qero
.uocTaTO'IHOmenKffYTh neBOH KHOnKoH MbillIH no HHAHKaTopy Onpu6
B CTpOKe COCTOHHIUI.
B CHCTeMe AutoCAD no yMon11aH1110 rrpHHHTo, 'ITO1111cneHHbre 3Ha'leHJUIKOOP.UHHaT TO'leK,BBe,UeHHbIX c KJiaBHaTYPbI, Bcer.ua HMelOT 6onee BhICOKHH npHopHTeT, 11eM KOOP.UHHaTbI TO'leK, nonyqeHHbIX c IlOMOIIJ.blO IlOCTOHHHbIX 06'beKTHbIXnpMBH30K.
,[(IDI O.UHOpa30BOro MCnORb30BaHJUI KaKoro-nH6o MHCTpyMeHTa H3 Ha6opa 06beKTHbIX npHBH30K B npouecce BbIITOnHeHJUI KOMaH,Il;bI HCrronb3YJOT KOHTeKCTHOe MeHlO, KOTOpoe BbI3bIBaIOT, y.uep)IUfBaH KJiaBHllIY [Shift] H Ha)IUIMaH npaBYJO KHOnKY MblllIH npH Haxox.ueHHH rpa$H'leCKOroKYPCOpa B pa6011ett 30He OKHaAutoCAD. 3TO n03BOAAeT BBO.UHTb tty)l(HbIH pe)IUfM o6beKTHOH rrpHBH3KH KaJK,UbIH pa3, Kor.ua CHCTeMa Tpe6yeT yr<.a3aTb KOOP.UMHaTbl 011epe,UHOH TO'IKH,M BbIITOnHHTbCH OH 6y.ueT TORbKO AAA yr<.a3aHHOH TO'IKH.
0.UHOpa30BbIH pe)IUfM o6beKTHOH npMBH3KH MOXeT 6bITb HCnonb30BaH TaIOKe npH pa6oTe c KJiaBHaTYPoif B npouecce .UHanora c KOMaH.n:HOti CTpOKOH ITYTeM BBO,Ua a66peBHaTYPbI Ha3BaHJUI rrpHMeHHeMOro HHCTpyMeHTa: ...point CEN. Ilocne HaJKaTJUI KJiaBMllIM [Enter]
rrocne,n;yeT 3arrpoc cHcTeMbI: - of B OTBeT cne.uyeT yr<.a3aTb nHHHIO oKp~OCTH (,n;yry RJIH 3MHrrc), K ueHTpy KOTopoli aBTOMaTMecKH
«npHBHXeTcH» KYPCOp.
IlpHOpHTeT KOOP.UHHaT TO'leK,nonyqeHHbIX c nOMOIIJ.blO O,UHopa30BOH 06beKTHOH rrpHBH3KH Bbillle rrpHOPHTeTa, ycTaHOBneHHOfO AAA KOOp,UHHaT TO'leKnoCTOHHHOfO pe)IUfMa, O,UHaKO H B 3TOM cnyqae HaHBhICllIHM np11op11TeToM 06na.ua10T 11HcneHHbie 3Ha11eHJUI Koop.uHHaT TO'leK,BBe,UeHHbie c KJiaBHaTYPbl.
,[(IDI yrrpasneHJUI pe)IUfMOM Osnap (BKJIIO'leHJUIRJIM BhIKJIIO'leHJUI) Hcnonb3YJOT KJiaBHllIY [F3] IUIH COOTBeTCTBYIOIIJ.YlO KHOITKY CTpOKH COCTOHHIUI.
Ilepe'IHCnHMHHCTpyMeHTbI (napaMeTpbl) pe)IUfMa 06beKTHOH npHBH3KH (rrponHCHbIMH 6YKBaMH BbI,UeneHbI COKpameHJUI rrapaMeTpOB, BBO.UHMbIX c KJiaBHaTYPbI npH pa6oTe c KOMaH,Il;HOH CTpOKOti):
• ENDpoint - onpe.ueneHMe KOOP.UHHaT TO'leKKOHUOB oTpe3Ka IUIH ,nyrn;
227
•MIDpoint - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqeK cepe;:i;HHhI OTPe3Ka, ;:i;yrn, cerMeHrn JIOMaHo:H HJIH MYJibTHJIHHHH;
•CENter - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqeK ueHTPa oKpyxttoCTH, ;:i;yrn HJIH 3JIJIHIIca;
•NODe - orrpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqeqHhIX o6'beKToB;
•QUAdrant - onpe;:i;eJieHHe KOOp;:J;HHaT KBa,n,paHTHblX rnqeK, T.e. ToqeK rrepeceqeHIDI KOOp;:J;HHaTHbIX oce:H c OKP}')l(HOCTbIO,.zzyro:H HJIH 3JIJIHIICOM;
•INTersection - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:J;HHaT ToqeK rrepeceqeHIDI ;:i;Byx JIHHHH, JIHHHH c .zzyro:H HJIH OKP}')KHOCTbIO,;:J;Byx OKP}')KHOCTeHH (HJIH)
.zzyr, CIIJlaHHOB, rpaHHU o6JiaCTH;
•EXTension - orrpe;:i;eJieHHe KOOp;:J;HHaT ToqeK JIHHHH, HBIDIIOIUHXCH BpeMeHHblM rrpo;:i;oJDKeHHeM CYIUeCTBYJOIUHX JIHHHH H .zzyr;
•INSertion - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqeK BCTaBKH TeKcTa, aTPH6yra, <t>opMbI, onpe;:i;eJieHIDI aTPH6yra HJIH 6JioKa;
•PERpendicuiar - onpe;:i;eJieHHe KOOp;:J;HHaT TOqKH Ha JIHHHH, OKpyxttOCTH, 3JIJIHIICe, CIIJlaHHe HJIH .zzyre, KOTOpaH IIPH coe;:i;HHeHHH c IIOCJie;:i;HeH TOqKoH o6pa3yeT HOpMaJib K BbI6paHHOMY o6'beKTY;
•TANgent - orrpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqKH Ha oKpyxttoCTH HJIH
.zzyre, KOTOpaH rrpH coe;:J;HHeHHH c IIOCJie;:i;HeH ToqKoH o6pa3yeT Kaca-
TeJibHyro K Bb16paHHOMY o6'beKTY;
•NEArest - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqKH Ha JIHHHH, .zzyre HJIH OKpyxttOCTH, HBilllIOIUeHCH 6JIIDKaHIIIe:H K II03HUHH rrepeKpeCTIDI rpa- <!>HqecKoro KYPCOpa;
•APParent intersection - onpe;:i;eJieHHe Koop;:i;HHaT ToqKH KIDKYmerocH nepeceqeHIDI JIHHHH H rpaHHU o6JiacTe:H;
•PARallel - onpe;:i;eJieHHe KOOp;:J;HHaT TOqKH Ha JIHHHH, KOTOpaH
rrpH coe;:i;HHeHHH c IIOCJie;:J;He:H TOqKo:H o6pa3yeT JIHHHIO, napaJIJieJib- HYJO Bb16paHHOMY OTPeJKY.
Ami o6Jiel"leHIDI onepaUHH, CBH3aHHbIX c peXHMOM 06'beKTHOH npHBH3KH, IIIHpoKo HCIIOJih3yeTCH <l>YHKUIDI AutoSnap, o6Jia,n,aIOIUaH CJie;:J;yroIUHMH CBOHCTBaMH:
•npH npoxo)l{)J;eHHH rpa<!>J.lqecKoro KYPCopa B6JIH3H xapaKTepHbIX ToqeK o6'beKTaKa)l{)J;aH H3 3THX ToqeK IIOMeqaeTCH MapKepoM, <t>opMa KOTOporo COOTBeTCTByeT THny xapaKTepHOH TOqKH. TaKHM o6pa30M IIOJlb30BaTeJIIO rrpe;:J;OCTaBillleTCH rrpaBO npe;:i;BapHTeJibHOro IIPOCMOTpa xapaKTepHbIX rnqeK;
•eCJIH Ha KOpOTKOe BpeMH 3a,n,ep)!GlTb KYPCOp B6JIH3H xapaKTepHOH TOqKH o6'beKTa,PMOM c MapKepOM IIOHBHTCH BCIIJlbIBaIOIUee OKHO, B KOTOpoM 6}'.lleTco;:i;ep:>IGlThCH Ha3BaHHe Bbl,lleJieHHOH xapaicrepHOH TO~;
•npH npoxo)l{)J;eHHH rpa<!>J.lqecKoro KYPCOpa B6JIH3H xapaKTepHo:H
TOqKH OH aBTOMaTJ.lqeCKH «IIPHTHfHBaeTCH» K He:H, T. e. CHCTeMa He TPe6yeT OT rroJib30BaTeJIH ToqHoro rroJHUHOHHpoBaHIDI KYPCOpa.
HaCTPOHKa peXHMa AutoSnap, a TaIOKe Bhl6op uBeTa H pa3Mepa MapKepa OCYIUeCTBJIHIOTCH B rroJie AutoSnap Settings BKJia,n,KH Drafting ;:J;HaJIOroBoro OKHa Options.
228
06'beKTbI(rpa<t>WiecKHe npHMHTHBbI) BbI6HpaIOTC.sI .llJUI BbIIIOJIHeHH.sI CJieJlYIOIUHX .u;eiicTBHit y.u;aJieHH.sI (Erase), nepeMeIUeHH.sI (Move), KOnHpoBaHH.sI (Copy) H .u;p.
06'beKTBb16HpaeTC.sI BBO)lOM KOOp)lHHaT, nona.u;aJOIUHX Ha Hero, Jiu6o paMKOH, oXBaTbIBaiomeH: ero. Bb16paHHble o6'beKTblno.u;cBeqHBaJOTC.sI Ha 3KpaHe 6eJiblM nyHKTHpOM.
Bh16op o6'heKTOBnpeKpamaerc.si: HIDKarneM npaBoH: KHonKoH: MhIIIIH, KJiaBHIIIH [Enter] HJIH npo6eJia H JaBepIIIaeT BblilOJIHeHHe KOMaH)lbl.
B cHcTeMe AutoCAD BhI6op o6'beKToBBOJMO)l{eH nepe.u; H nocJie Ja)laHH.sI KOMaH)lbl.
Bw6op 061.eIITOB nepeJJ; 33,ZUUllleM KOMaJl.AW. 3TOT MeTo.u;, .si:BJI.sI.sicb craH)lapTHblM .llJUI Bcex npHJioxeHHH Windows, .u;onycKaeT .sIBHoe yKaJaHHe o6'beKTanpm.i;eJioM rpa<l>WiecKoro KYPCopa H Bbl6op o6'beKTac IlOMOIUbIO npe.u;noJiaraeMOH paMKH.
TipH Bb16ope o6'beKTarpa<l>WiecKHH: KYPCOP ycTaHaBJIHBaIOT Ha,u; nycToH: qacTbJO qeprexa H HaxuMaJOT JieByio KHOilKY MhIIIIH. B 3TOM cnyqae CHCTeMa BOCilpHHHMaeT yKaJaHHyio TOqKY KaK OJlHY HJ BepWHH np.si:MOYfOJlbHOro OKHa Bb16opa. PaJMep paMKH OKHa onpe.u;eJI.sIeTC.sI nocJie yKaJaHH.sI BTopoH: ToqKH. EcJIH .u;HaroHaJih paMKH yKaJbIBaeTc.si: CJieBa HanpaBO, Bbl6HpaIOTC.sI o6'beKTbI,IlOJIHOCThIO paJMeCTHBIIIHec.si: B oKHe Bb16opa. EcJIH )Ke .u;HaroHaJih paMKH YKaJbIBaeTc.si: cnpaBa HaJieBO, TO BbI6HpaIOTC.sI o6'beKTbl,He TOJibKO IlOJIHOCTbIO paJMeCTHBIIIHec.si: B OKHe BbI6opa, HO H nepeceKaIOIUHe paMKY.
llpe,ll;BapHTeJ11tewii aw6op 061.euoa KOMaH,ll;oii Select. Bb16paHHb1e o6'heKThIxpaH.sITc.si: B naM.sITH AutoCAD u MOfYT 6bITh ucnoJibJOBaHbI
.llJUI nocJieJlYIOmero pe.u;aKTHpoBaHHH.
YnpaBJieHHe pe)l{HMaMH Bb16opa ocymecTBJI.si:eTc.si: c noMOIUhJO <l>JiaxKOB naHeJIH Selection Modes BKJia.u;KH Selection )lHaJioroeoro oKHa
Options.
Bw6op 061.eIITOB DOCJie 38,ll;alllUI KOMaJl,ll;W. TipaKTWieCKH Bee KOMaH)lbl pe.u;aKTHpOBaHH.sI B CHCTeMe AutoCAD CHaqaJia npe)lJlaraIOT Bb16paTh O)lHH HJIH HeCKOJlbKO rpa<l>WieCKHX o6'heKTOB.llJUI IlOCJieJlYIOIUero MaHHnyJIHPOBaHH.sI c HHMH. TipH <t>opMHpOBaHHH BbI6opa IlO.sIBJI.sieTC.sI Janpoc: Select objects: H nepeKpecTHe rpa<t>WiecKoro KYPCOpa JaMeH.sieTc.si: MaJieHbKHM np.sIMoyroJihHHKOM (npHUeJioM). Bb16HpaeMb1H: o6'heKT)lOJDKeH IlOJIHOCTbIO nona.u;aTb B rpaHHUbl np.sIMOYfOJibHHKa HJIH nepeceKaTh OJlHY HJ ero CTOpOH. TipWieM npH TOJICTblX JIHHH.sIX np.sIMOYfOJlbHHKa TOqKa Bbl6opa )lOJI)l(Ha JiexaTb Ha rpaHHUe o6'beKTa, a He BHyqm Hero. PaJMep np.si:MOYfOJihHHKa MO)l{HO peryJIHpoBaTb c noMOIUhIO CHCTeMHOH nepeMeHHOH Pickbox.
Bbl)laHHhIH CHCTeMoH: Janpoc Select objects: npe.u;noJiaraeT HCnOJihJOBaHHe paJJiffqffblX napaMerpoB .llJUI onpe.u;eJieHH.sI CBOHCTB Bbl6HpaeMblX o6'heKTOB(nponHCHbIMH 6YKBaMH Bhl)leJieHbl COKpaIUeHH.sI napaMerpoB, BBO)lHMblX c KJiaBHarypbI):
• Window - Bhl6HpaeT o6'beKThI,noJIHOCTbJO paJMecTHBIIIHec.si: B oKHe Bbl6opa, paJMep H pacnoJioxeHHe KOToporo onpe.u;eJI.silOT .u;ee
229