02-09-2014_16-40-43 / 2013 Пакеты прикладных программ
.pdf
|
Ta6nuua 7.7 |
|
Oueparopw yupaB.JieHHJI |
Orreparop |
HaJHaqeHHe |
DECLARE |
Onpe,ll,eJU1eT icypcop ,!l;JUl Janpoca, 3a,!J,aeT HMH H |
|
onpe,ll,em1eT CfillJaHHhlH c HHM Janpoc K fi)l, |
OPEN |
0n<pbIBaeT icypcop H o6beKT 6a.3bI ,ll,aHHhlX |
FETH |
YcTilHaBJIHBaeT icypcop Ha onpe.D.eJieffHYIO |
|
JaDHCb H cqHTblBaeT ee |
CLOSE |
3aiq>LIBaeT icypcop H o6beKT 6a.3bl ,ll,aHHblX |
PREPARE |
feHCPHPYCT IlJiaH BhlllOJIHCHIDI 3allpoca |
|
B COOTBCTCTBHH c HHC'lp}'Kl.l,HCitSELECT |
EXECUTE |
BhlllOJIIDICT creHepupoBaHHhlit pattee Janpoc |
KJnoqeehle cJioea Moryr OTCyrcTBOeaTh B 3anpoce. CrpyicrypHpOBaHHhrlt R3hIK 38.IIpOCOB SQL RBJIRercR o6hNHhIM R3hl-
KOM rrporpaMMHPOBaHIDI, COCTORillHM H3 orrepaTopoe H rrpaeHJI «rpaMMaTHKH•. B Ta6JI. 7.2 ... 7.7 rrpHBe,neHhI rpymihl orreparopoe SQL B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT xapaKTepa BhIIIOJIHReMhlX ,neHCTBHH.
KoHTponbHble eonpocb1
1.KaxoBbI Ha.3HaqeHHe H BH,ll,bI 3allpocOB, pa.3pa6aTbIBaeMbIX B CY.6)1, Access?
2.B qeM COCTOHT OTJiffqHe IlOCTOHHHOfO 3anpoca OT 3anpoca napaMeTpHqecKoro?
3.KaKOBO Ha3Haqettue nepeKPCCTHOro 3anpoca?
4.KaKHe Bbl 3HaeTe THnhl 3anpocoa no BbIIlOJIHHeMhlM ,ll,eHCTBHHM?
5.KaKoBa nocJie,ll,oBaTeJibHOCTb ,ll,eHCTBHH npH KOHCTpyupoaaHHH 3anpocoa B CY.6)1, Access?
6.KaKOBhl npaBHJia BBO,ll,a ycJIOBHH oroopa ,ll,aHHhlX B TeKCTOBble IlOJUI?
7.B qeM COCTOHT pa3JluqHe Mexc;zy ycJIOBHHMH oT6opa ,ll,aHHbIX, CBH3aHHbIX OTHOWeHHHMH AND H OR?
8.YKIDKHTe Ha.3HaqeHHe cJie.nyIOI.UHX ll>YHKI.J,HH: Day, Month, Year, Date().
9.B KaKHX cnyqaHX B 3anpocax C03,ll,aeTcH pacqeTHoe none?
10.KaKOBa IlOCJie,ll,OBaTeJibHOCTb ,ll,eHCTBHH npH C03,ll,aHHH pacqeTHoro IlOJUI
B 3anpoce c npHMeHeHHeM IlOCTpOHTeJIH BhlpIDKeHHH?
11.I.fa KaKHx cnoa cocTOHT HHCTpyKI.J,HH SELECT?
12.lfa KaKHX rpynn onepaTOpOB COCTOHT H3blK SQL?
13.KaKoBo ·Ha3HaqeHHe cne.D.YIOI.UHX CJIOB H3bIKa: FROM, WHERE,
GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY?
rnaea 8
TEXHOnon.ut PA3PA60TKM Cl>OPM
B CY6,Q MICROSOFT ACCESS
8.1. Ha3Ha"leHMe ct>opM B CMCTeMax ynpaeneHMH 6a3aMM AaHHblX
Co3.Ila.HHe coBpeMeHHhIX npHKJia,nHhIX nporpaMM HJIH, KaK HX HaJbIBaIOT B CHCTeMax Windows, noJib30BaTeJibCKHX npHJioxeHHH, TJ)e- 6yeT p3.3pa6oTKH «;:qJyx:ecTBeHHOro» HHTep<l>e:Hca noJib30BareIDI, T. e. 3$$eKTHBHhIX cnoco6oB opraHH3ainm .lUlaJIOra MeJK.llY noJib3osareJieM H KOMilhIOTepoM. 0.n;HHM H3 cnoco6oB opraHHJainm TaKOI'O.1U1aJiora HBJIJleTCH pa.Jpa60TKa <l>opM. CHCTeMa Microsoft Access npe.n;ocTaBIDieT pa.Jpa60T'IHKYnpHJioxemm MOIIUlhle cpe.n;cTBa C03.Ila.HHH .llH- anoroBblX <PopM cne.nyromero H3.3Ha1:1e11HH:
•BBO)J; .ll8HHhIX B Ta6Jm:uhl;
•BBO,!J; YCJIOBHH o6pa6onrn HH<l>oPManHH B 33IlpOChl;
•opra.HH3auHH nonb3osareJibCKOro HHTep<l>eAca.
<l>opMhl ,lJ;JIH BBo.n;a .n;a.HHhIX B ra6JIHUhI ,!J;OJI)J(Hhl 06ecne1:1HBaTh opramuauHIO npoue.n;yp BHeceHHH HH<l>opMaUHH, CBO,!J;HlllYIO K MHHHMyMY B03MO::>KHOCTh oum6oK oneparopa. KpoMe roro, raKHe <PopMhI .uon- )f(HhI o6ecne1:1HBaTb npoBe,lleHHe 3.HaJIH3a HMeIOIUHXCH B Ta6JIHUax .n;aHHbIX.
<l>opMbl ,lJ;JIH BBO,lla YCJIOBHH o6pa60TKH HH$OpMaUHH B 3anpOChl, HMeIOIUHe attanorH1:1HOe H3.3Ha'IeHHe,Il03BOIDllOT TaK)f(e KOHCTJ)YHpoBaTb 3anpocb1 6e3 npHMeHeHHH H3h1Ka SQL.
<l>opMhl ,lJ;JIH opraHH3aUHH IlOJib30BaTeJihCKOro HHTep<l>e:Hca, KOTOpbie .llOJI::>KHhI 06ecne1:1HBaTh co3,llaHHe 3$$eKTHBttoro o<PopMJieHHH p3.3- pa6oTaHHOH npHKJia,nttoH: nporpaMMhl, MOryT 6b1Th pa3JIH'IHOroHa.JHa- 'IettHH:<l>oPMhI-3aCTaBKH, <l>oPMhI-MeHIO, KHOilO'IHble<l>oPMhl H .up.
8.2. TexHonorMH pa3pa60TKM ct>opM AnH eeo,qa ,qaHHblX B Ta6nM...bl
<l>opMbl ,lJ;JIH BBO,lla .uaHHblX, npe,llCTaBIDIIOillHe co6oH: y.uo6HbIH H HHTYffTHBHO TIOHHTHhIH HHTep<l>eH:c TIOJib30BaTeJlj{ npH pa6oTe c Ta6JIHUaMH E)l:, 06ecne'IHBa10TBhITIOJIHeHHe cJie.llYIOIUHX onepauHH:: BBO.ll 11 .uo6aBJieHHe .uaHHhIX; npOCMOTp JII06oH: 3aTIHCH; KOppeKTHPOBKY
.UaHHhIX.
Ha pHc. 8.1 noKa3aHa <l>opMa BBo.ua .lla.HHhIX B O.llHY H3 ra6JIHU CATIP Til «JIA3EP 2000» (cM. rn. 16).
Co3,llaHHe <l>oPM ,lJ;JIH BBo.ua .uaHHhIX B Ta6JIHUhI npoH3BO.llHTCH B cne-
.nyiomeM nopH.IJ.Ke:
101
Man1qecKOM C03JJ,aHHl1 Ta6JIHU TaKHe OKHa B cJ:>opMe C03JJ,aIOTC51 TaIOKe aBTOMaT11qecK11.
B OKHe, OTKphrnaeMoM KOMaHJJ,o:H JipucoeauHeHHQJI, paMKa o6oeKma,
MO)!(HO pa3MeCTl1Th OLE-o6neKT, HaXOJJ.SIW:HHCSI B npyroM cJ:>a:HJie HJIH
npyro:H ER
KoMaHJJ,a Pa:Jpbt6 cmpaHUU,bt rrp11MeHS1eTcsr B c.rryqae, ecJIH rroJISI JJ.J1SI
BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX He pa3Mern:aIOTC51 Ha OJJ,HOH CTpaHHUe (3KpaHe )J,11CJ1JleSI). KoMaHna Ha6op 6KJlaaoK rrp11MeHS1eTCH B cJiyqae, ecJIH rroJISI MH
BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX He IlOMern:aIOTCSI Ha OJJ,HOH CTpaHHUe (3KpaHe )J,HCITJiesr). Ilp11 3TOM C03JJ,aHHe COOTBeTCTByIDW:e:H BKJiaJJ,KH peKOMeHJJ,yeTC51
)J,J1SI Ka)!()J,OH rpyrrrrhI IlOJie:H, o6neJJ,HHeHHhIX no KaKHM-JIH6o rrpH3HaKaM. TeXHOJIOr1151 pa3Mern:eH1151 ITOJie:H B rrpouecce KOHCTpYJIPOBaH1151 cJ:>opMbI OCHOBaHa Ha «rrepeTaCKHBaHHH» ITOJISI 113 CITHCKa B COOTBeT-
CTByIDW:ee MeCTO Ha BKJiaJJ,Ke.
KoMaHJJ,a IIoa11uHeHHQJ1, </JopMa (om11em) rrp11MeH5leTC5l rrp11 pa3pa6oTKe COCTaBHhIX cJ:>opM, KOTOphie, KaK rrpaBHJIO, pa3pa6aTuIBaIOTCSI
)J,J1SI Ta6JIHU, CB513aHHhIX OTHOIIIeHHeM OJJ,HHKO MHOrHM. B 3TOM CJIY-
qae OJJ,Ha rn6JI11ua HBJISieTCH rnaBHOH, a npyrasr - rronq11HeHHo:H. Ilp11
rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH COCTaBHhIX cPOPM BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX OJJ.HY 113 cJ:>opM TaK-
)!(e Ha3hIBaIOT rnaetto:H, a npyryro - rronq11HeHHOH. CxeMa pa3pa6oT-
KH COCTaBHhIX cJ:>opM BKJiroqaeT B ce6sr pa3pa60TI()'cJ:>opMbI BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX B rronq11HeHHYIO Ta6JIHUY H pa3pa60TKY ct>opMbI BBOJJ,a JJ,aHHhIX B rnaBHYJO Ta6JIHuY, B KOTOpo:H He06XO)J,11MO rrpenycMOTpeTh o6JiaCTh
lj §ii ~oAI! DP-• .I!"'Ber.,.. "'"""°"- c_., l!•HO &no-• |
|
..J.l!.I~ |
||||
j~ .]-iii!Ta-!i-- |
~-ri-~ ;a-;r:-.~-i-~-r1i-fff~il-;;:r"r~~111-F:?'_lii:i_;-=--~-~r--------------- |
|||||
Co3AaHM• 6J1 M npoeKTMpOBaHMe onepa&U40HHblX KapT |
|
~ |
||||
|
0-~-,- ......... |
,50 |
I |
|||
H...................... |
c6. ........... |
_eplM.M o~.-.-.onn: EB: EH:KM:Hpeca |
||||
r |
KIM jDcHoea~• |
|
j9EB 074 033 |
noo.50111 I |
11 |
|
n_... l_Po><_-1n~-_1-~--~-.,.,....,_1-~~-;,;;._f_cn;;.~~L~!"!"t<!' |
||||||
r |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Beeawre CMM&On 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
I |
|
|
|
|
|
|
nocne &BO.IHI: A8HHWX no eceH nepexoJlllM onep01.U4M - |
Jlo6aBHTb coaep:a:atnee a Lll |
|
||||
nepear.. Kit cnea!flllll!!llD sal"MfCb (nepexDA) .. DTll..pwrb BkMll,kg ·nepnom.r"
:i.r.ta.: ~i---;- .!l.tili!J |
... 10 |
~aoKI Kapra 3CKM308 I |
|
Ha.__...,..._ I H·--·-1n.......,.ooK I n....... oK I ~ |
|
:i.r.ta.: ~i---;- .!l.tili!J .. |
, 69 |
~.oe:ro;;:;;d;~e.<---------------------------------- |
-------- r--r--r-r-·r---~ r r |
•n-llJ ~ 8 M~ lJ itinu:.::J~~~~~ i~~-;sm-
PHc. 8.6. <llopMa c OTKpbITOtt BKJHl,LJ,Kott llepexoiJbt
106
)l)Hl BCTaBKM rro;::i:q1rneHHOH <t>opMhl, lfCIIOJlh3YH JJ:JI5I 3TOfO KOMatt;::i:y (KHOIIKY) IJoattuHeHHOfl, </JopMa.
KoHCTPYlfPOBaHlfe COCTaBHOH cl:>opMhl BBOJJ:a lfHcl:>opMaIJ;lflf IIOKaiatto Ha rrpM:Mepe C03JJ:aHlf51 6a3 ;::i:aHHhIX JJ:JI5I aBTOMaTlf31fpOBaHHOro 11poeKT11:poBaHlfH MaprnpYTtthIX KapT TeXHonornqecKM:X rrpou;eccoB c6op-
KH B CATIP «JlA3EP 2000».
Ha p11:c. 8.6 11: 8.7 rrp11:Be;::i:eHhI ;::i:Be cTpaHM:U:hI
pa3pa6oTaHHOH B JJ:lfaJIOfOBOM pe)KlfMe, a Ha p11:c. 8.8 If 8.9 - COOTBeTCTBeHHO cI:>opMhl BBO;::i:a ;::i:attHhIX B rnaBHYIO If rro;::i:q11:HeHHYIO Ta6-
Jl 11IJ;hl, pa3pa6oTaHHhie B pe:)lmMe KOHCTPYKTopa.
8.3. TexHonorMH pa3pa60TKM <t>opM AilH BBOAa A8HHblX B 3anpOCbl
PaccMOTplfM TeXHonor11:10 co3;::i:aHlfH rrapaMeTp11:qecKM:X JarrpocoB 11: CBH3aHHhIX c HlfMlf cl:>opM JJ:JIH BBo;::i:a ycnoB11:it oT6opa ;::i:aHHhIX. Heo6xo;::i:11:MocTb pa3pa6oTKM crreu;lfaJihHhIX cI:>opM B 3TOM cnyqae o6ycnoBneHa CJieJJ:YIOiu;lfMlf cl:>aKTOpaMM::
•Tpe6oBaHM:eM CBe;::i:eHlfH K MlfHlfMYMY lfJilf lfCKJIIOqeHlfH Oilllf60K rrplf BBO;::i:e YCJIOBlfH OT6opa ;::i:aHHhIX;
•Heo6xo;::i:lfMOCThIO BhIIIOJIHeHlfH 3arrpoca rrp11: qacTO MeHHIOiu;lfXCH 3Haqettlf51X yCJIOBlfH OT6opa ;::i:aHHhIX;
'i'iJ-~~--ll<>ao"~_Bl'A_B_cr"°""__!_"""!"'_~_c"'!""ll•HO__~----------------------------------- |
|
____________'°"_-~:!!_ |
||
~~!~:~~~:e~:~;~i!~!l!~;!;:~~~:~i~'.n• i ~.I |
~':''/~ |
|||
mio_. c6opo- _ , i9E2562 oos |
N'·-_I 50 |
I |
' |
|
HaMMeHOBaHNe ABTUM. ciS. eaHHHIH1I .... |
MaTeplNUla 06utte'leffMe. KQll onn: EB: |
EH: KM:Hpaca: |
|
|
r KIM jocHOOOHHO |
j9E8074033 n,,_50111 |
I 11 |
|
|
-~~"'-- p......,. L~1_11~~~1c~~~-~~I~~J~~-~ |
|
|||
I |
|
|
|
|
I |
|
J |
|
|
nocne BBOA8 aaHHwx no eceH nepexo.11BM onepattMM - Jlo6auKTb cOAeP•attHe e &Jl
nepe.m. Ha CJl.~glO 3MIHCb {nepexoa,) It OT1tl)W'TbBK.M;aKg ''OepeWOAbl"
''"""" ll.J.jj r-----I |
..Ll!!Jlll ... 10 |
|
|
|
|
"-•-•DKj |
Kapra 3CllM3oe ( |
flPOCMOTP OnepaqMA I |
|
||
|
|
|
n........ |
oKI~ |
- |
"""""' .!.!.L!J r-----I |
|
|
|
.::. |
|
l..ll!.J!!l .,, 69 |
,---------------- ---------------- r ,~r r r |
r ~ r ,----- |
|||
~ ~-------- |
:------------------------- |
|
|||
•n,..,ll J~•rz:i~!J~~~~~~ il~::ii~S-i~ii-
Pttc. 8.7. <DopMa c OTKphITOH BKJia,r(KOH PeJICUMbt
107
