02-09-2014_16-40-43 / 2013 Пакеты прикладных программ

CPE,4HEE IIPO<PECCJ!OHAJihHOE OEPA30BAHJ!E

3.B.$Y$AEB, n.~.$Y$AEBA

nAKETbl nPMKnAAHblX nPOrPAMM

PeHoMeHaoaaHo

</Jeaepan&HblM zocyaapcmaeHHblM y'lpe)l(aeHueM «<PeaepanbHb/U UHCmumym p03BUmUR o6pa30BOHUR» (</JrY «<IJMPO»)

a Ha'lecmae y'le6Hozo noco6uR anR ucnon&JOBOHUR ay'le6HoM np0t.iecce o6pa3oaamen&Hblx y'lpe)l(aeHuiJ, peanuJy10w,ux

npozpaMMbl cpeaHezo nporjJeccuoHan&Hozo o6pa3oBaHUR no cneu,uan&Hocmu «npozpaMMHoe o6ecnel/eHue Bbl'IUCJIUmenbHOiJ mexHUHU u aamoMamU3UpOBOHHb/X cucmeM»

Pezucmpau,uoHHb/U HOMep peu,eHJUU 351 om 4 OHmR6pR 2010 2. </J[Y «<IJMPO»

7-e 1nAaH1<1e, 1-1cnpas11eHHoe

MOCKBa

l13tJ,aTe(]bCKl1tt u,eHTp «AKa,a,eM11H»

2013

YLlK 681.3.06

EEK 32.973.26-018.2H723

<1>964

Pe u e H 3 e HT bI:

JaM. rnaBHoro KOHCTpyKTopa Mlf3HA KaH.ll. TeXH. HayK E. A. HJMaW!oB; rrperrotiaBaTeJib crre11;t1HCUHIIJIHH MfKJfT C. B. Ka3aKo8a

<l>yct>aee 3. B.

<1>964 IlaKeThI npHKJUl,D;HhIX nporpaMM : yqe6. noco611e .nirn cry)];. yqpe)l{)l;eHHM cpeLI;. npo<t>. o6pa3oBaHHH / 3. B. <l>y<t>aeB, n.11. <l>y<t>aeBa. - 7-e 113)1;., Hcnp. - M.: l13Ll;aTeJibCKHM u;eHTP •AKa,n;eMHH», 2013. ~ 352 C.

ISBN 978-5-7695-8883~9

OrrHcaHbl Meto,!lbl 3$$eKTHBHolt pa6otbl c rrpHKJiatiH:hIMH rrporpaMM-

HblMM rrpo.nyKTaMH: TeKCTOBb!MH pe)laKTOpaMH, CHCTCMaMH yrrpaBJieHIDI 6aJaMM .i.aam.1x, ·1:1J1ex1p0Hith!Mlt·rrponaccopa~ut, CHCteMaMH RBTOMaTH3Hpo-

BaHHOfO· KOHCTPYJfPOBllHKI H 'reXHOJIOrwtecxoronpoetCTMpOBaHIDI, KOMMYHHKatnl:OHitbiW Itf)Otpll,MM\U1tMH C:MCTeMllMB. Co.nep:llOIT Orth!T npeno.naua- 'teitLCttoAH npaittlAecKoA ,!leH'l'eJihHOCTHautopOB, a Ta!Olte peJyJibTaTbl HX HllytlHNX HCCilenc>uwlfl B o6itllCTH Hll$opMal(HOHHWX TCXHOJlornA, BhlIIOJIHCHH&lX no rprutraM MHmrctepcTBa o6paJOBllfffill PoccHH:cxoH: <l>e,nepauHH.

Yqe6Hoe nooolbte MillKeT 6bt'tb111crtoJTh3ouano npH ocuoenm1 npoit>ecCHOHaJILHoro MOJ:IY.11H ITM.02. PaJpa60TKa, BHe.npeHHe H atianTaUIDI oTPacneaoro nporpaMMHOro o6ecneqeHIDI (M)J,K.02.01) no cneuHanbHOCTH 230701 «IlpHKJia):IHaJI HH$OpMaTHKa (no OTpaCJillM)».

,Unll CTy)leHTOB yqpe:lK,lleHHH cpe)lHero rrpo<t>ecCHOHaJibHOfO o6paJOBaHIDI.

YLlK 681.3.06

EEK 32.973.26-018.2H723

Opui!UHat1-Ma1Cem iJannow U300HUH RBARemcR co6cm8ennocm&10 H3iJameA&CKow u.enmpa «AKaiJeMUH", u ew BocnpoU38eiJenue 11106&1M cnoco6oM 6e3 coZ!lacUR npaB00611aiJameAR 3anpe~aemCR

Y'te6Hoe u3oaHue

<l>ycl>aea 3.nyap.r. BBJieHTBHOBll'I,Cl>ycjJaeaa Jl~JI Haauoaua

IlaKeTW npHKJUl,ll,llblX nporpaMM

Y'le6uoe noco6ee

7-e HJJlaHHe, Hcrrpaunettttoe

PetiaKrop B. H. MaxoBa. TexHHqecKHH: petiaKTop H. H. I'op6a11eBa KoMIIbIOTepttaH BepCTKa: P. IO. BoAKOBa. KoppeKTop H.B. Moi!UAeBeu.

lfa.n. NQ 107103940. no.nm1catto B rre'!aTb 07.12.2012. <l>opMaT 60 x 90/16. fapHHrypa «Tati.MC». n}'Mara o¢>ceTHaH NQ I. Ile'laTb o¢>cemal!. Yen. rre•1. JI. 22,0. TnpaJK 1000 3K3. 3aKa3 NQ M-1850.

129085, MocKBa, rrp-T Mnpa, lOIB, cTp. I. Ten.j¢>aKc: [phone], 616-00-29. CattnTaptto-:irrlf)leMHOJiorn'!ecKoe JaKJIIO'leHne N.! POCC RU. AE51. H 16067 OT 06.03.2012.

Orne'!aTaHo B mnorpaqmn cj>HJIHaJia OAO «TATMELl;HA» «nHK «11.uen-npecc». 420066, r. KaJaHh, yn. ,[(eKa6pncme, 2.

©	<l>ycpaeu 3. B., <l>y<t>aeBa JI.11., 2004
©	06pa30BaTeJibHO-H3)laTeJibCKHH ueHTP «AKatieMHll», 2004
ISBN 978-5-7695-8883-9 ©	O<t>opMJieHHe. Ji3)laTeJihCKHi1 ueHTp «AKatieMHll», 2004

BBE,Q,EHl.'IE

IlpHMeHemrn COBpeMeHHhlX HH<l>opMaU:HOHHbIX TeXHOJIOrHH HMeeT pernaiorn;ee 3HaqeHHe ~ IIOBblIIIemrn 3<l><l>eKTHBHOCTH rrpOH3BO,UCTBa

H 6H3Heca.

KaK H3BeCTHO, u:eJibIO 3KOHOMM:qeCKOH .n:e.sITeJibHOCTII JII06o:H <l>HpMbl KRK B c<t>epe MarepHaJibHOro rrpOH3BO,UCTBa, TaK H B c<t>epe o6c.rry- )l{HBRHIDI HaceneHIDI RBJlJlemCR npou38oiJcmBo mo8apo8 UJIU yCJ1y2 c mpe6yeMblM 1Ca11ecm80M u MUHUM(JJlbHblMU 3ampam0Mu mpyiJoBblX u Mamepu- (JJlbHblX pecypcoB, 8 1Co11e11110M umoze - no11y11e11ue npu6b1Jlu. ,ll,ocTIOKe· HHe 3TOH u:eJIH - 3a,z:i;aqa MHOroIIJiaHOBa.sI, perneHHe KOTOpOH 3RBHCHT OT rnopqecKHX crroco6HOCTe:H Bcex COTpY.UHHKOB <l>HpMbl, T. e. OT Toro, KaKHe perneHIDI rrpHHHMaeT KIDK,u;bIH yqaCTHHK rrpOH3BO,UCTBeHHOro rrpou;ecca OT PYKOBO.UHTeIDI .n:o p.smoBoro 11crroJIHHTem1 Ha CBOeM yqaCTKe IIpOH3BO,UCTBa.

Ilpou:ecc npHHHTHH OIITHMaJibHOro perneHHH orrpe.n:eIDieTCH o6pa60TKOH H aHaJIH30M ,UOCTaTOqHo 60JibIIIOro o6beMa HH<l>opMaD;HH H

BKJIJOqaeT B ce6H CJie,UYJOII.J;He 3TaIIbI:

I.C6op 11 aHaJIH3 HH<l>opMaU:HH no pernaeMotl: 3a,z:i;aqe;

2.Orrpe.n:eneHHe BapHaHTOB .n:orrycTHMbIX perneH11tl:;

3.Bb16op onTHMaJihHoro BapHaHTa - npHHHTHe perneHm1;

4.O<PopMJieHHe perneHHOM 3a,z:i;aq11 B <PopMe CHCTeMbI TeXH11qecKotl:

.UOKYMeHTaU:HH, .n:etl:CTBYJOII.J;e:H Ha npe.n:rrpHHTHH.

B coBpeMeHHbIX 3KOHOMM:qeCKHX ycJIOBIDIX perneHHe nocTaBJieHHbIX 3a,z:i;aq 06ecrreq11BaeT rrpHMeHeHHe aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX CHCTeM o6pa60TKH HH<l>opMaU:HH c MaKCHMaJibHbIM HCIIOJlb30BaHHeM rraKeTOB npHKJia,!J;HbIX nporpaMM.

Pa3pa6oTKa aBTOMaTil3HpoBaHHbIX c11cTeM o6pa6oTKH HH<l>opMau;HH Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHa c C03,UaHHeM aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX CHCTeM ynpaBJieHIDI npOH3BO,UCTBOM (ACY), pa3pa6oTKa KOTOpbIX HaqaJiaCb B 60-x rr.

xxB., T.e. c rrmrnJieHHeM nepBbIX 3JieKTPOHHbIX BhNHCJIHTeJibHbIX MaIIIHH (3BM). B HCTOpHH C03,UaHHH ACY, OCHOBaHHbIX Ha HH<l>opMaU:H- OHHbIX TeXHOJIOfHHX, MO)KJ{O Bbl)J;eJIHTh CJie.ri;yIOII.J;He 3TaIIbl.

Ilepebtii 3man (19551964 rr.) - 3apm1<.n:eH11e HOBoro ttayqttoro HanpaBJieHHH, KOTOpoe cero,UHH Ha3bIBalOT UH<jJOpMaU,UOHHbte mexHOJl02UU, HJIH 3Tan nocmaH06KU 3aiJa11u Ha coeiJuHeHue npo6J1eM ynpa8J1eHUR c MemoiJaMu u cpeiJcmBaMu o6pa6omKu uH<jJopMau,uu.

3a 3TOT nep110.n: BpeMeHH 6hIJIH pa3pa6oTaHbI 11 BHe.n:peHbI Ha rrpe.n:-

npmITHHX aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbie CHCTeMbl, HanpaBJieHHhie B OCHOB-

3

HOM Ha aBTOMannau:mo c6opa 11 o6pa6oTirn: 11mpopMau1111 o xo.ue 11pott3BO.UCTBeHHoro 11pouecca B peaJihHOM MacIIITa6e BpeMeHH. TaK, Ha11p11Mep, Ha JlbBOBCKOM TeJieBH3HOHHOM 3aBo.ue (YCCP) aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHhie CHCTeMhl HCl10Jih30BaJIHCh MH c6opa .uaHHhIX 0 pa6oTe

KOHBe:UepHbIX JIHHHH 110 c6opKe TeJieBH30pOB.

Bmopou 3man (1965-1969 rr.) xapaKTepHJyeTCH co3.uaH11eM 06b- e.u11HeHHhIX KOJIJieKTHBOB c11eUHaJIHCTOB B o6JiaCTH 3KCI1JIYaTaUHH 3BM 11 11paKT11qecK11x yrrpaBJieHueB.

c 11051BJieHHeM 3BM y MHOfHX C11eUHaJIHCTOB CJIO)l(JfJIOCh MHeHHe, qTo 3BM MO:lKeT Bee. Ha co3.uaH11e ACY Bhl.ll:eJI51JIHCh orpoMHhie cpe,acTBa B CCCP, CIIIA 11 .upyr11x cTpaHax Mttpa, HO KaK OKa3aJIOCb BilOCJie.UCTBHH, nonyqeHHhie pe3yJihTaThI He COOTBeTCTBOBaJIH 3aTpaTaM.

KaKOBhI xe 6hIJIH npJlqHHhI HecocTOHBIIIHXCH o:lKH,UaHH:U? MHeHHH cneuHaJIHCTOB MO:lKHO CBeCTH K cne.uyrow;eMY: «Pa3BHTHe MeTO-

.UOB H cpe.ucTB yrrpaB.JieHHH B paMKax ACY He npHBeno K o:lKH,UaeMOMY pe3yJlbTaTY BCJIC)lCTBHe O)lHOCTOpOHHe:U HanpaBJieHHOCTH pa6oT H He.uooueHKe CTPYKTYPHPro acneKTa npo6neMhI».

TaKoe cocTOHHHe .D;eJI Ha BTopoM 3Tane C03.llaHHH ACY MO:lKHO onpe,aeJIHTh cne.uyrow;HMH npJlqHHaMH:

HeCOOTBeTCTBHe opraHH3allHOHHhIX <t>opM ynpaBJieHHH npOH3BO.U- CTBOM H MeTO.UOB H cpe,UCTB o6pa60TKH HH$OpMallHH, T. e. npHMeHeHHe 6oJihIIIHX 3BM, TPe6yrow;HX ueHTPaJIH30BaHHo:U 3KCI1JIYaTallHH, He COOTBeTCTBOBaJIO opraHH3allHH yrrpaBJieHHH npOH3BO.UCTBOM, npe.u- CTaBJIHIOIIJ;e:U co6oi1: CHCTeMy MHoroypOBHeBhIX .ueueHTPaJIH30BaHHhIX cnyx6;

HeCOOTBeTCTBHe TeXHwqecKHX ypOBHeM c11euttaJIHCTOB-yrrpaBJ1eHueB 11 pa3pa60Tq11KOB ACY, T. e. B 6onhIIIHHCTBe cnyqaeB c11eu11aJI11CThI B o6JiaCTH yrrpaBJieffqeCKOM .ueHTeJihHOCTH He BJia,UeJIH HM 513hIKaMH 11porpaMMHpOBaHHH, HH TeXHonorne:U pa6oThI Ha 3BM, a crreu11aJI11CThI 110 3KCI1JIYaTaUHH 3BM H 11porpaMMHpOBaHHIO He o6Jia,UaJIH Heo6xo-

.UHMhIMH 3HaHHHMH B o6JiaCTH yrrpaBJieffqeCKOM .ueHTeJihHOCTH. Tpemuu 3man (1970-1974 rr.) xapaKTep113yeTcH pa3pa6oTKOM ueH-

TPaJIH30BaHHhIX ACY OTPacneBoro 11 rocyuapcTBeHHoro Ha3HaqettHH HJIH CThIKOBKOM CTPYKTYP yrrpaBJieHHH c opraH113au110HHhIMl1 11 TexH11qecK11MH B03MO:lKHOCTHMH 3BM.

Ha 3TOM 3Ta11e cTaHOBJieHHH 11H$opMau110HHhIX TexHonor11i1: B CCCP 6hmtt pa3pa6oTaHhI:

o6w;erocy.uapcTBeHHaH CHCTeMa yrrpaBJieHHH - orAC; pecny6n11KaHcK11e cttcTeMhI yrrpaBJieHHH - PACY; OTPacneBhie c11cTeMhI yrrpaBJ1eH11H - OACY;

Ha OT,UeJihHhIX KpyrrHhIX npOMhIIIIJieHHhIX npe.urrpHHTHHX aBTOMa-

Tl13HPOBaHHhie c11cTeMhI yrrpaBJieHHH npo113BO.UCTBOM - ACYTI. lfem6epmbtu 3man (1975-1986 rr.) xapaKTep113yeTcH pa3pa6oTKOM

ACYTI Ha OCHOBe Ml1H11-3BM H co3,aaHtteM cne.uyrow;HX <l>YHKUHOHaJihHhIX CHCTeM y11paBJ1eHHH:

4

aBTOMannHpOBaHHOM CHCTeMbl rocy,ll;apCTBeHHOM CTaTHCTHKI.f - ACfC;

OTpaCJieBbIX aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHblX CHCTeM CHa6)1{eHJrn H TOpfOBJIH; aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHbIX CHCTeM roc6attKa H CTpo:H6aHKa.

IlRmblU :Jman (c 1986 r. ITO HaCTO.SIIUee BpeMH) MO)l{HO C'IHTaTb 3TaIIOM 6ypttoro pa3BHTIDI HHQ:>opMa:u;HOHHbIX TeXHOJIOrHM.

Cero.JJ:IDI MhI HBJIBeMcH CBH.JJ:eTeJIHMH yttHKaJihHoro TeXHoJiorH'!e- cKoro HBJieHIDI - rrpaKTH'!eCKHe)l{erO,ll;HOro IlOHBJieHIDI KOMilbIOTepoB H npHKJIMHbIX nporpaMMHblX npO.JJ:YKTOB c HOBbIMH TeXHH'!eCKHMH xapaicrepHCTHKa.Mlf. TaK, ttanpHMep, B 1996 r. Ha poccH:HcKOM pbIHKe BnepBbie IlOHBHJIHCb pyc:11Q:>:11:u;:11poBaHHbie BepCHH npHKJIMHOM nporpaMMHOM CHCTeMhl Windows 95 c KOMilJleKTOM npHJIO)l{eHHM Microsoft Office, a yxe Ha'IHHaHc 1997 r. exero,ll;Ho BhmycKaIOTCH HOBbie BepCHH 3THX npHJIO)l{ettHM.

CJie,ll;yeT OTMeTHTb ,!J;Ba BaJKHblX CBOMCTBa COBpeMeHHblX npHKJia,n;- HblX nporpaMMHblX CHCTeM:

Bo-nepBblX; OHH Il03BOJIHIOT pa3pa6aTbIBaTh aBTOMaTH3MpOBaHHble CHCTeMbI o6pa6oTKH HHQ:>OpMa:u;HH cne:u;HaJIHCTaM, He BJia,n;e10w;HM npoQ:>eccHOHaJibHO H3bIKaMH nporpaMMHpOBaHHH;

BO-BTOpblX, MO,!J;HQ:>HKal.l;HH npHKJIMHbIX nporpaMMHbIX CHCTeM, KaK npaBHJIO, o6Jia,n;aIOT npeeMCTBeHHOCTbIO c npe.JJ:bIAYIIIHMH BepCIDIMH.

0TMeTHM, O,ll;HaKo, 'ITOTaK KaK mo6aH KOMilbIOTepHaH Bbl'IHCJIHTeJibHaH CHCTeMa (ynpaBJieHIDI rrpOH3BO,ll;CTBOM, pac'leTaTpaeKTOPHH ,ll;BH)l{eHIDI KOCMH'IeCKOfO arrrrapaTa, aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOfO npoeKTHPOBaHIDI H ,ll;p.) BKJIIO'laeTB ce6H arrnapaTHOe, HHQ:>opMa:u;HOHHOe u rrporpaMMHoe o6ecrre'leHIDI,:113yqett:11e rraKeToB rrpHKJIMHhIX rrporpaMM B3aHMOCBH3aHO co BCeMH 3THMH KOMIIOHeHTaMH.

Ilo.JJ: TepMHHOM 6bl'tUc!lume!lbHOH cucmeMa B o6meM BH.JJ:e cJie.JJ:yeT IIOHHMaTb KOMIIbIOTepttyIO CHCTeMY o6pa60TKH HHQ:>opMa:u;HH (KCOH), rrpe,ll;CTaBJIBIOmyIO co6o:H KOMIIJieKC arrrrapaTHbIX (HHCTpYMeHTaJibHbIX) H rrporpaMMHbIX cpe,ll;CTB H HBJIHIOmyIOCH o6H3aTeJibHbIM KOMIIOHeHTOM CHCTeMbl aBTOMaTH3HPOBaHHOfO rrpoeKTHPOBaHIDI (CAilP), aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOM CHCTeMbl HHQ:>opMa:u;HOHHOfO o6ecrre'leHHH (ACHO), CHCTeMbl HHTeJIJieKTYaJihHoro attaJIH3a ,ll;aHHbIX (CHA,ll), aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOM CHCTeMbl ynpaBJieHHH rrpOH3BO,ll;CTBOM (ACYil) H AP· CocTaB KOMIIJieKca arrrrapaTHbIX H rrporpaMMHbIX cpe.JJ:CTB AJIH pa3pa60TKH 3THX CHCTeM 3aBHCHT OT xapaKTepa o6pa6aTbIBaeMOM HH- Q:>opMa:u;HH.

B JaBHCHMOCTH OT rrpHMeIDieMoro crroco6a KOMIIbIOTeptto:H o6pa6oTKH HHQ:>opMal.l;HH IIO,ll;pa3,n;eJIHeTCH Ha TeKCTOByIO (CHMBOJibttyIO), rpaQ:>H'!eCKyIOH MYJibTHMe,!J;HMHyIO (ay,ll;HO H BH,ll;eo).

Heo6xo.JJ:HMhIMH arrrrapaTHbIMH cpe.JJ:cTBaMH AJIH o6pa6oTKH HHQ:>opMa:u;:11:11 HBJIHIOTCH KOMIIbIOTepbl H coe,ll;HHeHHbie c HHMH rrep:11Q:>ep:11:H- Hble ycTpOMCTBa: rrpHHTepbI, IIJIOTiepbl, CKattepbI, MO,ll;eMbI, :u;:11Q:>poBbie Q:>oToarrrrapaThI, BH.JJ:eoKaMepbI H AP· 11 ecJIH anrrapaTHbie cpe.n;-

5

CTBa cocTaBJUitoT «TeJio» KCOl1, TO ee «.uyrnotl: H MOJroM» SIBJISitoTCSI nporpaMMHbie cpe.ucTBa.

KaK noKaJaJia npaKTHKa, tta1160Jibrnee npwMettettwe noJiyqHJIH TaKHe nporpaMMHhie CHCTeMhl, KaK TeKCTOBhie pe.uaKTOpbl, CHCTeMbl ynpaBJiettHSI 6a3aMH .uatttthIX (CYE,ll,), 3JieKTpotttthie npoueccopw (3JieKTpOHHbie Ta6JIHUbl), rpaQ>Ht.teCKHe pe.uaKTOpb! (B TOM lfHCJie cwcTeMhI aBTOMaTH3HpoBattttoro npoeKTHpoBattHSI CAD/CAM) H KOMMyttHKaUHOHHhie nporpaMMbl.

TeKCTOBwe pe.uaKTopw SIBJIHtoTCSI caMbIMH pacnpocTpattetttthIMH nporpaMMHhlMH cwcTeMaMH, H TPY.UHO ttaHTH c<f>epy .ueSITeJibHOCTH, r.ue 6w OHH HH npwMeIDIJIHCb.

CwcTeMw ynpaBJiettHH 6aJaMH .uatttthlX ttaIIIJIH rnHpoKoe rrpHMettettHe B rrpou.eccax ynpaBJieHHH rrpOH3BO)J,CTBOM, rrpH aBTOMaTH3HpoBaHHOM rrpoeKTHpOBaHHH, B MapKeTHHfOBOH )J,eHTeJibHOCTH, a TaIOKe rrpH pa3pa60TKe CHCTeM HCKYCCTBeHHOro HHTeJIJieKTa H 3KCnepTHblX CHCTeM.

3JieKTpOHHble Ta6JIHI.I,bl HBJIHIOTCH OCHOBOH rrpH aeTOMaTH3aI.I,HH JII06blX pact.teTOB: OT rrpOCThlX apHQ>MeTil'IeCKHXorrepaI.I,HH )J,0 C03)J,a- HHH CJIO)l{}{bJX MareMaTil'IeCKHXCHCTeM HHTeJIJieKTYaJihHOfO attaJIH3a )J,aHHblX, KOTOpble ttaxO,ll,HT rrpHMettettHe B CHCTeMax ynpaBJiettHSI KaqecTBOM TIPO.DYKUHH rrpOMbIIIIJiettttblX rrpe.urrpHHTHH H HCIIOJib3YJOTCH KpyntthlMH TOpfOBblMH Q>HpMaMH npH attaJIH3e pblHKOB C6bITa.

B rrocne.uttHe ro.uL1 6ypttLIMH TeMrraMH pa3BHBaeTcSI ewe o.utto ttanpaBJiettHe - KOMMyttHKaUHOHHble TeXHOJIOfHH (B TOM lfHCJie nporpaMMHbie CHCTeMbI o6Metta HttQ>opMa1111etl: B cen1 Internet), SIBJISIIOIIIHecSI OCHOBOH COBpeMettttoro Mette)J,)KMettTa H MapKeTHHra B npoH3BO)J,CTBe H 6H3ttece.

PaccMoTpHM TexttoJior1110 pa6oThI c coBpeMetttthIMH npHKJia,ll,tthIMH nporpaMMHbIMH CHCTeMaMH H 3<f>Q>eKTHBHOCTb HX npHMetteHHSI )J,JISI aBTOMaTH3aUHH npoueccoB o6pa60TKH HHQ>OpMaUHH B pa3JIH'IHbIX o6JiaCTSIX npOH3BO)J,CTBeHHOH )J,eSITeJibHOCTH.

~ 3'00npH·

4ACTbl

nP"1KJ1A.QHblE nPorPAMMHblE C"1CTEMbl 06PA60TK"1 TEKCTOBOM "1 rPAcJ>"1"1ECKOM "1HcJ>OPMAU"1"1

rnaea 1

TEKCTOBblE PEAAKTOPbl

1.1. npMHMMnlitl o&pa&OTKM TaKCTOBOA M rpacl:»M't8CKOAMHcl>opMa"'""

TeKCTOnte nponeccopw, lfJIH TCKCTOBhte PeA&kTOPhl,

KJUl,IJ;Hhie nporpaMMHhte OHCTeM:hl, ll03BomttotnHe C03,l(IUl8Tb TeKCTO·

Bhle .n;oK}'MeHTblpa.3JIM'UtOroHa3HatteWU1.

TepMHHLI mwccmOfJwil pei}adnop H apac]Ju'lectcuu pei)a1'mop coOTBeTCT·

B}'IOToco6hlM TeXHOJlOIWICCKHM npHeMaM ynpawt:emut 3tcpaHOM MeK- TPOHHo-.rryqeBbIX MOHHTOpOB nepBLIX KOMDLIOTCpOB (90-e rr. XX B.), KOTOpbie Ha3blB8JIH nepr:oHCl.!lbHblMU 3/leKmpoHH0-6bl'iUCJlUme11bHblMU

MOULUHOMU (CT3BM).

IlpHHLJ,HII IIOJIBJiemrn HH$OpMaLJ,HH Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa CBH3aH c ct>opMHpoBaHHeM Ha ero noaepXHOCTH CBeTHW.eHCH TOqKH - nuKce- /10. 3neicrpoHHhlli Jly'i, rrepeMeIUIDICh no 3KpaHy cneaa Harrpaao u: caepxy BHH3, rrocJie.n;oBaTeJihHO co:maeT MHOiKeCTBO 6JIH3KO paCIIOJIOiKeHHhlX IIHKCeJIOB.

CaeTHIUHecH ToqKH, CJIHBaHcb .n;pyr c .n;pyroM, ct>opMu:pyroT Ha 3Kpatte HeKoTopoe H3o6pIDKeHHe. B OTJIHqHe OT rronyqeHH.H TeJieBH3HOHHoro H306pIDKeHHH BblBO,D; HHcl>opMaLJ,HH Ha 3KpaH KOMilbIOTepHOfO MOHHTOpa ,D;OJDKeH 6bITb rrporpaMMHO ynpaB.illleMblM, a CJie.n;oeaTeJibHO, Heo6xo.n;HMO HaJIHqHe rrporpaMM yrrpaBJieHH.H KaiK,D;bIM IIHKceJIOM.

IlpM 3TOM CKOpOCTh pa60Thl rrpou,eccopa TOJibKO MH yrrpaBJieHHH 3KpaHOM MOHHTOpa ,D;OJiiKHa COCTaBJIHTh CBbIUie MHJIJIHOHa KOMaH.n; B ceKyH.n;y. TexHu:qecKHe xapaKTepMCTHKH rrepBbIX rrpoueccopoB I103BOJIHJ1H TOJlbKO cPOPMMpoBaTb H306paiKeHHH Ha MOHHTOpe. Ha .n;pyrHe rrpou,eccbI o6pa6oTKH Httcl>opMaLJ,HH y HHX y)[{e He xBaTaJIO pecypca.

)J,.rrH peUieHHSI 3To:H rrpo6neMbI 6bma pa3pa6ornHa TaK Ha3hIBaeMaH 6ycl>epHIDI rraMHTb - 6UOeonOMRmb .n;JIH paJMerueHH.H pe3yJibTaTOB BhlIIOJIHeHH.H rrporpaMMhI yrrpaBJieHH.H IIHKcenaMH. YcJH)BHo roeop.H, 6yct>epHaH rraMHTb 4:pacrronara.rracb» MeiK,LJ;Y rrporpaMM.ou H cxeMaMH 3JieKTpottHOH pa3BepTKM HJo6paiKeHHH H HMeJia .n;aa RXOJla - nopma. K o.n;-

7

HOMY nopry «o6pamanacb» nporpaMMa, 06ecneq110aiom<U1 paJMemeHHe B naMHTH c¢>opMHpOBaHHbIX 3Ha1!eHHH xapaKTepUCTHK IlHKCe-

JIOB, a K ;:i:pyrOM}'- nporpaMMa ClJUTbIBaHHH HH¢>opMaUUH " nepe;:i:a-

•m ee B cxeMbI paJBepTKM uJo6pIDKeHHH. B 3TOM cnyqae Me;:i:JieHHO pa60Ta10IUCU1 nporpaMMa nepe;:i:aBana ¢>parMeHTbI uJo6pIDKeHHH B BM- )J,eonaMHTh, a 6bICTpO pa60Ta10mue cxeMbI paJBepTKM ¢>opMupoBanH HJ ¢>parMeHTOB u306pIDKeHue Ha 3KpaHe. Ilpu 3TOM nepe)J.aBaeM!UI Ha 3KpaH MOHHTOpa HH¢>opMaUHH npe)J,CTaBJl}lJla co6oii CUMBOJibl - TeKCT u pucyttKU - rpa¢>uKY.

l13JIO)l(eHH!UI TeXHOJIOfHH ¢>opMUpOBaHHH U306pIDKeHMli xapaKTepHa KaK AJIH TeKcToBoii, TaK H AJIH rpa¢>H1!ecKoii HH¢>opMaUHM. O;:i:HaKo, peIIIHB O.UHY TeXHH1!eCKYIQ npo6JieM}',T. e. pa3pa6oTaB BH)J,eonaMHTb, KOHCTpYKTOPbl II3BM CTOJIKHYJIHCb c ;:i:pyroii npo6JieMOH - Heo6xo-

.UHMOCTb10 coJ;:i:attHH 6o1ThIIIHX 061.eMOB BH;:i:eonaMWrH. TaK, HanpHMep, )J,AA xpaHeHIDI ,ll;BOH1IHOH HH¢>0pMaUHH 0 COCTOHHHH Ka)K)J,OfO IlHKCeJia B qepHo-6eJIOM H306pIDKeHHH Ha 3KpaHe c xapaKTepHCTH-

KO:.lt 200 CTpOK no 640 IlHKCeJIOB B CTpOKe He06XO;:i:HMa mlMHTb, paB- H!UI (200x640)/8=16000 6aiIT. ~ IlOJiyqeHIDI )l(e UBeTOBblX H306pa-

)l(eHHH Tpe60BaJIOCb pe3KOe yseJIWleHHe 061.eMOB BH)J,eOIIaMHTH, 1ITO, B CBOIO oqepe.n;b, ,ll;OJDKHO 6blJIO 3Ha'IHTeJlbHOyseJIWllITb CTOHMOCTb II3BM.

CrreuHanHcTaMH ¢>HpMbl IBM 3Ta 3a,n;aqa 6hma peIIIeHa cJie.n;y10IUMM o6pa30M. IlpH pa6oTe c TeKCTaMH Ha 3KpaH MOHIITOpa CTaJIU BblBO)J,UTb He OT,UeJibHbie rrporpaMMHO ynpaBJl}leMbie IlHKCeJibl, a Ja-

paHee c¢>opMHPOBaHHbie 256 CUMBOJIOB, xpaHHmuecH B nocmORHHOM 3anoMuHa10~eM ycmpoilcm6e (I13Y) II3BM. IlpH 3TOM MH pa3Meme-

HMH Ha 3KpaHe JII06oro CUMBOJia (6YKBhI, 3HaKa npenuHaHUH ")J.p.) UCITOJib30BaJiaCb npHMOyrOJibH!UI MaTpuua 8 x 8 =64 IlUKCeJIOB, Ha3blBaeM!UI 3HOKOMecmoM, T. e. Ha 3KpaHe MOHHTopa Ka)K)J,!UI CTpOKa CUMBOJIOB 3aHHMaJia BOCeMb CTpOK CTp01IHOH pa3BepTKU. TaK KaK Ka)K)J,bIH CUMBOJI HMeeT CBOH HOMep, TO B BH)J,eonaMHTH CTaJIO B03MO)l(H0 xpaHUTb He oqepTaHHH CUMBOJia - 8 6ai1T BH)J,eonaMHTU, a TOJibKO ero HOMep, T. e. Bcero I 6ai1T. McnoJib3YH 3TOT 6ai1T KaK KJII01I nporpaMMbI ynpaBJieHHH 3JieKTpOHHbIMH cxeMaMH pa3BepTKU, MO)l(HO HaHTH B II3Y COOTBeTCTBYIOIUHH CHMBOJI " BbI1!epTUTb ero Ha 3KpaHe. EcJIH Heo6xo- )J,HMO c¢>opMupoBaTb UBeTHOe H306pIDKeHue, TO Ka)K)J,Oe 3HaKOMeCTO

B BH)J,eonaMHTH onpe.n;eAAeTCH He O)J.HMM 6aiiTOM, a ABYMH. BTopoi1 6ai1T npe;:i:Ha3Ha1!eH )],AA YKa3aHHH UBeTa CUMBOJia H OKp~aiomero

ero <t:>oHa.

TaKUM o6pa3oM, crreuHanucTbI B o6JiacTu TeXHOJioruH KOMIThlOTepHoi1 o6pa6oTKH uH¢>opMauuu pa3pa60Tanu )J,Ba pe)l(HMa ynpaBJieHHSI 3KpaHOM MOHUTOpa: meKcmo6blU" zparjJuiteCKUU. IlpH 3TOM TeKCTOBbIH pe)l(HM OCHOBaH Ha nporpaMMHOM BblBO)J,e Ha 3KpaH MOHUTOpa 3apaHee c¢>opMupoBaHHbIX CUMBOJIOB - MaTpHU 8 x 8 IlHKCeJIOB, a rpa¢>uqeCKUH - Ha nporpaMMHOM ¢>opMHPOBaHUH Ka)K)J.OfO IlUKCeJia npu BbIBO,Ue ero Ha 3KpaH MOHHTOpa.

8

1.2. KnaccM<t>MK8L-'M.RM 0611aCTM npMMeHeHM.R TeKCTOBblX peAaKTopoe

TeKCTOBbie pe,ll,aKTOphI rrpe,ll,Ha:maqeHhI )],JUI C03.llamrn H pe,ll,aKTHpoBamrn TeKCTOBbIX )J,OK}'MeHTOB.3TH rrpmrna,n:Hble rrporpaMMbl 3aHHMaIOT JIH,ll,Hpyiomee IIOJIO)KeHHe y IIOJib30BaTeJieH rrpHKJia,n:Horo rrporpaMMHOfO o6ecrreqemrn. B Hacrm1mee BpeMj{ cymecTByIOT COTHH reKCTOBhIX pe,ll,aKTopoB, KOTOpble no CBOeMY Ha3HaqeHHIO MO)l{HO pa3)J,e- JIHTb Ha CJie,ll,yIOlll;He rpynIIhI:

• TeKCTOBbie pe,ll,aKTOpbl )J,llil pa3pa6oTKH )J,eJIOBOH .llOK}'MeHTaUHH, B TOM ql{cJie .llOK}'MeHTaUHOHHOfOo6ecrreqemrn )J,e~ITeJibHOCTH JII06o-

ro rrpe,ll,IIpIDITIDI;

•H3)J,aTeJibCKHe CHCTeMbl;

•reKCTOBble pe,ll,aKTOphI )J,.JUI pa3pa60TKH Web-.llOK}'MeHTOB;

•Herrpo<J:>ecCHOHaJibHble TeKCTOBble pe,ll,aKTOpbI.

TeKCTOBwe pe,zuurropw AJUI p83pa6onm .lle.JIOBOi .llOK)'MeBT8.llllll.Ilo.u

repMHHOM oeJ108DJ1 001cyMenmau,U11 6y,neM IIOHHMaTh .noK}'MeHThl,pa3pa6aTblBaeMble rrpe,n;rrpIDITIDIMH H <l>ffPMaMH KaK JlJlll BHYfPeHHero IIOJib30BaHIDI, TaK H )J,llil ,neJIOBOfO o6meHIDI Me:xc,ny opraHH3auIDIMH.

B JII06o:H opraHHJaUHH KaJK.lJ;hIH COTPY.UHHK .uoJDKeH npHHHMaTb OIITHMaJibHble perneHIDI. ArrH rrpHIDl'rIDIOIITHMaJibHOfO perneHIDI Heo6XO,Il;HMa ,Il;OCTOBepHa.SI HH<J:>opMaUIDI, rrpe.ucTaBJieHHaH B <J:>opMe, 06Jierqa10me:H ee BOCIIPIDITHe qeJIOBeKOM.

.LJ:ocTOBepHOCTb HH<l>OpMaUHJf H KaqecTBO ee rrpe,ll,CTaBJieHIDI HBJUlIOTCH Ba)l{HeHIIIHMH TPe6oBaHIDIMH K ,neJIOBOH .UOK}'MeHTaUHl-1. IlpH o<J:>opMJieHHH )J,eJIOBbIX .llOK}'MeHTOBH pa6oTe c HHMH Bee opraHH3aUHH pyKOBO.llCTBYJOTCH cooTBeTCTBYJOlll;HMH HOpMaTHBHhIMH aKTaMH PoccH:HcKo:H <l>e,ll,epauH:u. TaK, HarrpHMep, B c¢>epe ynpaBJieHHH cymecTBYJOT orrpe.ueJieHHhie TPe6oBaHIDI K pa3pa6oTKe opraH:uJau:uoH- Ho-pacnopH,ll,HTeJihCKOH .llOK}'MeHTaUHH(OP.LI:) [17].

Heo6xo,ll,HMO TaKXe OTMeTHTh eme OJl.HO oqeHb Ba)l{HOe CBOHCTBO

.ueJIOBoro .llOK}'MeHTaero IOPH.llHqecKyIO 3HaqHMOCTh. .LJ:oKYMeHThI BO MHOfHX c~a.si:x HBJIHIOTCH rnaBHbIMH apryMeHTaMH B crropHbIX cHryauH.si:x Me)l{,ll,y napTHepaMH. 11Hor)J,a TepMHH ooKyMeHm orrpe,ll,eJIHIOT KaK cnoco6 iJoKa3ame11bcm6a [7]. CoBeprneHHO oqeBH,ll,HO, qTo BhIrroJIHeHHe Bcex Ha3BaHHhIX TPe6oBaH:u:H K C03.llaHHIO )J,eJIOBhIX .llOKYMeHTOB orrpe.ueJIHeT Heo6XO)J,HMOCTb rrpHMeHeHIDI COBpeMeHHblX HH- <t>opMaUHOHHhIX TeXHOJIOfHH, T.e. TeKCTOBbie .llOK}'MeHTblHeo6XO)J,H- MO pa3pa6aTbIBaTb c rrpHMeHeHHeM TeKCTOBbIX pe,ll,aKTOpOB.

Ha cero.UHHIIIHHH .ueHb JlJlll pa3pa6oTKH )J,eJIOBhIX .llOK}'MeHTOBHau6oJiee pacrrpocTpaHeHHbIMH TeKCTOBbIMH pe.uaKTOpaMH HBJIHIOTCH: HHOCTPaHHbie Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, WordStar 2000 u poccu:HcKH:H JleKCHKOH.

CoBpeMeHHbie TeKCTOBbie pe,ll,aKTopbI rrpaBHJibHee 6bmo 6h1 Ha3hIBaTb meKcmo60-2pa</Ju~ecKUMU, TaK KaK OHH I103BOJIHIOT pa6oTaTb He

TOJibKO c TeKCTOM, HO H C03)J,aBaTb H pe,ll,aKTHPOBaTb HJIJIIOCTPaTHB-

9