Індивідуальна робота студентів
OE Vocabulary (former Lecture 5)
Кожний студент отримує індивідуальне завдання: із запропонованого викладачем абзацу художнього тексту (не більше 50 слів) виписати всі слова, які в ньому вживаються (якщо слово повторюється, то воно записується лише один раз), та за допомогою словників та електронних ресурсів пояснити етимологію кожного слова. Відмінне виконання завдання – 5 балів.
Для виконання індивідуальних завдань щодо походження кожного зі слів у запропонованому фрагменті тексту слід користуватися етимологічним словником англійської мови (сайт http://www.etymonline.com/):
Начало формы
Конец формы
Наприклад:
Yesterday all my troubles seemed so far away…
Yesterday - O.E. geostran dæg, from dæg "day" + geostran "yesterday," from P.Gmc. *gestra- (cf. O.H.G. gestaron, Ger. gestern "yesterday," O.N. gær "tomorrow, yesterday," Goth. gistradagis "tomorrow"), originally "the other day" (reckoned from "today," either backward or forward), from PIE *ghes (cf. Skt. hyah, Avestan zyo, Pers. di, Gk. khthes, L. heri, O.Ir. indhe, Welsh doe "yesterday;" L. hesternus "of yesterday").
All - O.E. eall "all, every, entire," from P.Gmc. *alnaz (cf. O.Fris., O.H.G. al, O.N. allr, Goth. alls), with no certain connection outside Gmc. All-fired (1837) is U.S. slang euphemism for hell-fired. First record of all out "to one's full powers" is 1880. At all (c.1350) was formerly only in the affirmative, recently usually negative except in literary attempts at Irish dialect. All-star (adj.) is from 1889; all-American is from 1888, with ref. to baseball teams composed of the best players from the U.S. All-terrain vehicle first recorded 1970. All clear as a signal of "no danger" is recorded from 1902. All right, indicative of approval, is attested from 1953.
My - developed c.1200 as mi, reduced form of mine used before words beginning in consonants except h- (my father, but mine enemy), and before all nouns beginning 14c. As interjection, 18c., probably a shortened form of my God!
Trouble - c.1225, from O.Fr. trubler (11c.), metathesis of turbler, from V.L. *turbulare, from L.L. turbidare "to trouble, make turbid," from L. turbidus. The noun is attested from c.1230; troublesome is attested by 1548. Troubled in ref. to waters, etc., is from 1388. A trouble-shooter (1905) was originally one who works on telegraph or telephone lines. The Troubles in ref. to times of violence and unrest in Ireland is attested from 1880, in ref. to the rebellion of 1641.
Seem - c.1200, from O.N. soema "to befit, conform to," and soemr "fitting, seemly," from P.Gmc. *som- (cf. O.E. som "agreement, reconciliation," seman "to conciliate"), related to P.Gmc. *samon.
So - O.E. swa, swæ "in this way," from P.Gmc. *swa (cf. O.S., M.Du., O.H.G. so, O.N. sva, Dan. saa, Swed. sa, O.Fris. sa, Du. zo, Ger. so "so," Goth. swa "as"), from PIE reflexive pronomial stem *s(w)o- (cf. Gk. hos "as," O.Latin suad "so," L. se "himself"). So? as a term of dismissal is attested from 1886 (short for is that so?); so what as an exclamation of indifference dates from 1934. So-so "mediocre" is from 1530; so-and-so is from 1596 meaning "something unspecified;" first recorded 1897 as a euphemistic term of abuse.
Far - O.E. feorr "to a great distance, long ago," from P.Gmc. *ferro (cf. O.N. fjarre, Du. ver, Ger. fern), from PIE *per- "through, across, beyond" (cf. Skt. parah "farther, remote, ulterior," Hitt. para "outside of," Gk. pera "across, beyond," L. per "through," O.Ir. ire "farther"). In figurative sense, far-fetched is from 1607; far-sighted is 1641 in figurative sense, 1878 in literal sense (hypermetropic). Far-out began 1954 as jazz slang. Far East "China, Japan, and surrounding regions" is from 1852.
Away - Middle English, from Old English aweg: a-, on; + weg, way "on from this (that) place." Colloquial use for "without delay" (fire away, also right away) is from earlier sense of "onward in time" (16c.). Intensive use (e.g. away back) is Amer. Eng., first attested 1818.