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M11E1T60

Modal Verbs

V1

Ability can be expressed by...

may

might

be allowed to

1

can

could have done

V2

Ability cannot be expressed by...

can

could

be able to

1

must

managed to do

V3

Permission can be expressed by…

should

you had better

do not need to

1

can

be supposed to

V4

Permission cannot be expressed by…

can

could

might

1

do not have to

be allowed to

V5

Obligation can be expressed by…

will

would

be allowed to

1

have to

cannot

V6

Obligation cannot be expressed by…

should

would

be to

1

will

ought to

V7

Advice can be expressed by…

shall

may

must

1

should

be to

V8

Advice cannot be expressed by…

should

ought to

you had better

1

might

If I were you…

V9

Possibility can be expressed by…

must

should

be allowed to

1

could

will

V10

Possibility of something particular cannot be expressed by…

may

might

could

1

can

be likely to

V11

“Theoretical”, or “general”, possibility can be expressed by…

may

might

be able to

1

can

could

V12

Probability or expectation can be expressed by…

must

can

might

1

should

may

V13

Probability or expectation cannot be expressed by…

ought to

should

be expected to

1

must

should have

V14

Reproach can be expressed by…

could

must have done

must

1

could have done

should

V15

Reproach cannot be expressed by…

could have done

should have done

ought to have done

1

must have done

should not have done

V16

Deduction can be expressed by…

should

can

ought to

1

must

might

V17

Deduction cannot be expressed by…

must

cannot

must have done

1

should

could not have done

V18

Requests can be expressed by…

shall

be allowed to

be able to

1

will

must

V19

Requests cannot be expressed by…

will

can

may

1

shall

could

V20

Offers can be expressed by…

let us

should

may

1

will

might

V21

Offers cannot be expressed by…

will

could

would

1

might

can

V22

Suggestions can be expressed by…

must

may

should

1

can

might

V23

Suggestions cannot be expressed by…

can

shall

could

1

will

let us

V24

Habits can be expressed by…

may as well

might as well

used to doing

1

would

should

V25

Habits cannot be expressed by…

will

would

used to

1

used to doing

Present Continuous

V26

Refusals can be expressed by…

need not

shall

should

1

will

do not need to

V27

Promises and threats can be expressed by…

shall

can

be to

1

will

should

V28

Irritation can be expressed by…

be to

supposed to

must

1

should

could

V29

Irritation cannot be expressed by…

should

will

would

1

must

Present Continuous

V30

Challenge can be expressed by…

shall

can

be to

1

dare

could

V31

We … put out the fire before much damage was done

could

might

can

1

were able to

were able

V32

They were talking quite loudly. I … hear everything they said.

were able to

was able to

could have

1

could

could have heard

V33

Look! I … swim!

am able to

be able to

could

1

can

may

V34

Andrew … leave school early yesterday because he was not feeling well.

was able to

might

could

1

was allowed to

was allowed

V35

You … get married in Britain when you are 16 (That is the law)

may

must

might

1

can

are able to

V36

… I use your pen for a moment?

may

might

must

1

can

am allowed to

V37

The doctor said: ”You … stay in bed for the next few days”

have got to

have to

need

1

must

ought to

V38

Annie will ... do her homework tomorrow

must

can

need

1

have to

have got to

V39

Annie ... do her homework tomorrow

can

is able to

have

1

will be able to

must

V40

It is getting very late. We...go now.

have

will have to

need

1

must

can

V41

I ... stay in bed yesterday because I was not very well.

must

could

can

1

had to

need to

V42

I do not like ... work at weekends.

have to

must

can

1

having to

musting

V43

Mr. Mason ... wear glasses since he was a child.

must

can

could

1

has had to

had to

V44

I enjoy ... speak two foreign languages.

can

might

being able

1

being able to

may

V45

We ... hurry. We have got plenty of time.

must not

cannot

could not have to

1

do not have to

need not

V46

You ... tell him about the party. I have already told her.

do not have

do not have to

could not

1

needn’t

must not

V47

We ... make any noise going into the house. It is very late and everybody is asleep.

needn’t

could not

do not have to

1

mustn’t

could

V48

You needn’t wait any longer. You ... go now.

need

need to

could

1

can

must

V49

You must move your car. You ... to park here.

can

cannot

maynot

1

are not allowed to

are allowed

V50

She ... early last Saturday, so she stayed in bed until 10 o´clock

needn´t get up

cannot get up

maynot get up

1

didn´t need to get up

need not to have got up

V51

Thank you very much for the flowers, but you really...them for me

must not buy

cannot buy

needn´t buy

1

needn´t have bought

needn´t bought

V52

You ... come tomorrow. I will do everything by myself.

do not have to

needn´t have to

cannot

1

needn´t

must

V53

“My car keeps on breaking down”- “I think you ... sell it”

must

may

can

1

should

dare

V54

My car is always dirty. I ... clean it more often.

can

may

dare

1

ought to

am to

V55

Who ... I invite to my party, do you think?

might

can

am to

1

shall

must

V56

Your friend overslept this morning and was late for work. His boss said to him “You ... an alarm clock!”

should have bought

should to buy

shall buy

1

should buy

ought to buy

V57

You ... this letter yesterday, but it is still here!

must post

need to post

must have posted

1

should have posted

ought to post

V58

“Why ... I ask about it other people? You ... it yourself.”

shall, must have told

should, must have told

shall, could have told

1

should, could have told

shall, ought have told

V59

Anyone ... make mistakes

may

might

could

1

can

must

V60

My brother ... really horrible when he was a child

might

may

could have been

1

could be

can be

V61

You were stupid to try to climb that tree. You... yourself

may have killed

must have killed

need to have killed

1

might have killed

should have killed

V62

Peter is late. – He ... his train

can have missed

might miss

could miss

1

could have missed

ought to have missed

V63

There is someone at the door. – It ... Sally

can be

may have been

might

1

may be

could

V64

They ... dinner at the moment

can have

could have

can be having

1

may be having

might have

V65

Elephants ... for up to 70 years

may live

could live

should live

1

can live

could have lived

V66

He ... his driving test easily. I was surprised that he failed

should pass

should have passed

could have passed

1

ought to have passed

ought to pass

V67

He ... pass his driving test easily. He is a very good driver

ought to have

could have

should have

1

ought to

should

V68

Sally ... be at work by now. She is normally there at this time

can

may

should have

1

should

ought

V69

He ... be ill. He has got a high temperature

can

should

ought

1

must

is to

V70

They ... be asleep. Their bedroom lights are on.

can

may

may not

1

cannot

should not

V71

She ... to come by 8 o´clock

must

has to

shall

1

is

has

V72

Jim reminded me that we ... be at the station not later than seven.

might

should

can

1

were to

were

V73

The doctor suggested that I... give up smoking

must

can

may

1

should

should have

V74

I am sorry he ... feel so unhappy

ought to

can

could

1

should

might

V75

It is important that we ... arrive on time

must

might

can

1

should

could

V76

He was very anxious before the exam, but he ... . It was not as difficult as he had expected

did not need to worry

did not have to worry

had not to worry

1

needn´t have worried

need to worry

V77

She ... the man, but she gave him some money, anyway

had to pay

did not have to pay

should not have to pay

1

did not need to pay

shouldn’t have paid

V78

He ... slam the door when he comes in. It really makes me angry.

will not

would

used to

1

will

shall

V79

Simon loves music. He ... sit for hours listening to his stereo.

always

shall

should

1

will

is

V80

Get out of my room or I ... throw you out!

would

can

could

1

will

dare

V81

I pushed hard, but the window ... open

won’t

could not

cannot

1

wouldn’t

might

V82

This machine ... work

shall not

dare not

would not

1

won’t

cannot

V83

How ... you speak with me in such a way?

may

might

can

1

dare

should

V84

He ... to stop me

is to

could not

cannot

1

did not dare

might

V85

I ... you to say that straight to her face.

ought

can

am

1

dare

will

V86

You ... like classical music

would

did not used to

did not use

1

did not use to

used to

V87

Robert ... be very slim when he was younger.

will

should

can

1

used to

could not

V88

I... in Rome for 6 months

used to work

used

should work

1

worked

am used to working

V89

Kate ... go swimming a lot, but she never goes swimming now

was used to

use to

used

1

used to

will

V90

... we play tennis tomorrow?

dare

must

can

1

shall

need

V91

... you have dinner with us?

shall

may

must

1

will

should

V92

I ... help you with your suitcase

shall

dare

must

1

will

should

V93

Would you post this letter for me?

No. I will do it

Yes. I would not do it

Yes. I am busy

1

OK. I will do it

Yes. I do

V94

Would you mind waiting?

Yes. I would. That is all right

Yes, I will

No, I would

1

No, that is all right

No, I hate waiting

V95

... switching on the light?

Would you

Will you

Could you mind

1

Would you mind

Would you to mind

V96

... you switch on the light, please?

might

can

are

1

will

do

V97

... I have a glass of mineral water, please?

shall

might

would

1

can

am

V98

You ... at the swimming pool yesterday! The swimming pool was closed all day yesterday!

could not be

cannot be

were not be

1

could not have been

must not have been

V99

The bus ... . There is nobody at the bus-stop.

should leave

should have left

is to leave

1

must have left

could leave

V100

... I ask you a personal question?

will

might

am

1

could

dare

V101

He … read at the age of 4

Has to

need

Is to

1

could

may

V102

Do you think I … to apply for this job?

should

must

can

1

ought

would

V103

What was wrong with you? Why … go to hospital?

Had you to

You did have to

Had you

1

Did you have to

Must you

V104

I … to go to my relatives this week

has

must

may

1

have

might

V105

Everybody … teacher if he or she knows the subject

May be

Must be

Is to be

1

Can be

Has to be

V106

… leave so soon?

Have you to

Are you to

Must you

1

Do you have to

Will you to

V107

I am afraid you will … wait for a long time

must

may

can

1

Have to

are

V108

You … not smoke, it is ruinous for your health

can

may

are

1

should

could

V109

He has lived in England for some time but he … speak English

has to

may

ought

1

cannot

might

V110

You … help your mother about the house, it is your duty

can

may

might

1

must

would

V111

He can play the guitar

He could play the guitar

He may play the guitar

He is allowed to play the guitar

1

He is able to play the guitar

He could play the guitar

V112

I was able to swim when I was 4 years old

I can swim when I was 4 years old

I might swim when I was 4 years old

I was to swim when I was 4 years old

1

I could swim when I was 4 years old

I managed to swim when I was 4 years old

V113

Even though I had hurt my leg, I was able to swim back to the boat

Even though I had hurt my leg, I succeeded in swim back to the boat

Even though I had hurt my leg, I might to swim back to the boat

Even though I had hurt my leg, I might swim back to the boat

1

Even though I had hurt my leg, I managed to swim back to the boat

Even though I had hurt my leg, I could not to swim back to the boat

V114

I am sorry. I cannot hear you

I am sorry. I am not hearing you

I am sorry. I may not hear you

I am sorry. I hear you

1

I am sorry. I do not hear you

I am sorry. I could not hear you

V115

Look! I can swim!

Look! I swim!

Look! I am able to swim!

Look! I may swim!

1

Look! I am swimming!

Look! I will swim!

V116

He tried very hard, but he was not able to swim back to the boat

He tried very hard, but he did not managed swim back to the boat

He tried very hard, but he manage not to swim back to the boat

He tried very hard, but he cannot swim back to the boat

1

He tried very hard, but he could not swim back to the boat

He tried very hard, but he was not able to swimming back to the boat

V117

You cannot smoke in this room

You are not able to smoke in this room

You could not smoke in this room

You must not smoke in this room

1

You are not allowed to smoke in this room

You cannot to smoke in this room

V118

You are not allowed to take photographs here

You may not take photographs here

You must not take photographs here

You are not able to take photographs here

1

You cannot take photographs here

You are not allowed to be taken photographs here

V119

When I was 19, I could borrow my parents´ car whenever I wanted to

When I was 19, I was able to borrow my parents´ car whenever I wanted to

When I was 19, I can borrow my parents´ car whenever I wanted to

When I was 19, I had to borrow my parents´ car whenever I wanted to

1

When I was 19, I was allowed to borrow my parents´ car whenever I wanted to

When I was 19, I was allowed borrow my parents´ car whenever I wanted to

V120

I have to hurry

I must hurry

I need to hurry

I had to hurry

1

I have got to hurry

I should hurry

V121

I do not have to get up early today

I do not have got up early today

I must not to get up early today

I do not need get up early today

1

I do not need to get up early today

I do have to get up early today

V122

They did not need to worry

They need not to have worried

They needn´t to worry

They had not to worry

1

They did not have to worry

They need not have worried

V123

You should take some aspirin

You need to take some aspirin

You can take some aspirin

You must take some aspirin

1

You ought to take some aspirin

You should have taken some aspirin

V124

You should buy a new skirt

You can buy a new skirt

You must buy a new skirt

You should have bought a new skirt

1

If I were you I would buy a new skirt

You could buy a new skirt

V125

You shouldn’t have gone to work yesterday

You didn’t have to go to work yesterday

You didn’t need to go to work yesterday

You mustn’t have gone to work yesterday

1

If I were you I wouldn’t have gone to work yesterday

You shouldn’t go to work yesterday

V126

Perhaps they are having dinner

They are having dinner

They can have dinner

They must have dinner

1

They may be having dinner

They must have dinner

V127

Perhaps he is in the living-room

He can be in the living -room

He must be in the living-room

He is in the living-room

1

He could be in the living-room

He needs to be in the living-room

V128

Perhaps we will not go to the beach

We could not go to the beach

We cannot go to the beach

We should not go to the beach

1

We might not go to the beach

We are not supposed to go to the beach

V129

Where was Sally last night?- I think she might have been at the cinema

She can have been at the cinema

She should have been at the cinema

She must have been at the cinema

1

She may have been at the cinema

She was at the cinema

V130

You were stupid to try to climb that tree. You might have killed yourself

You may have killed yourself

You can have killed yourself

You should have killed yourself

1

You could have killed yourself

You might kill yourself

V131

It is sometimes cold in England

It is cold in England

It may be cold in England

It could be cold in England

1

It can be cold in England

It is able to be cold in England

V132

My brother can be very nice

My brother may be very nice

My brother will be very nice

My brother is very nice

1

My brother is sometimes very nice

My brother is to be very nice

V133

I should sell my car easily. I only want 950 $ for it and it is in very good condition

I would sell my car easily

If I were you I would sell my car easily

I must sell my car easily

1

I will probably sell my car easily

I will sell my car easily

V134

You should pass your exam. You are a brilliant student.

If I were you I would pass this exam

You are to pass this exam

You must pass your exam

1

You ought to pass your exam

You can pass your exam

V135

Peter was here a moment ago, so he cannot be far away

He may not be far away

He is not able to be far away

He must not be far away

1

It is impossible that he is far away

He is not allowed to be far away

V136

You have been working hard all day. I am sure you are feeling tired

You are sure feeling tired

You should be feeling tired

You are feeling tired

1

You must be feeling tired

You are sure to feel tired

V137

Those shoes you have bought are very nice. They must have been expensive

They had to be expensive

They are to be expensive

They should have been expensive

1

I am sure they were expensive

They are very expensive

V138

Can you switch on the light?

May you switch on the light?

You can switch on the light?

Are you to switch on the light?

1

Will you switch on the light?

May you to switch on the light?

V139

Would you give me some advice?

Should you give me some advice?

Can you give me some advice?

Shall you give me some advice?

1

Could you give me some advice?

Are you to give me some advice?

V140

Would you change places with me?

Would you mind to change places with me?

May you change places with me?

Can you change places with me?

1

Would you mind changing places with me?

Change places with me

V141

We … put out the fire before much damage was done

could

might

can

1

were able to

were able

V142

Can I make you something to eat?

I may make you something to eat?

Will I make you something to eat?

Would I make you something to eat?

1

I can make you something to eat

Am I able to make you something to eat?

V143

Let us watch TV

Will we watch TV?

Could we watch TV?

Are we watch TV?

1

Shall we watch TV?

What about we watch TV?

V144

Why don’t we play tennis?

Let play tennis

Will we play tennis?

Can we play tennis?

1

Shall we play tennis?

What about play tennis?

V145

Shall we stay at home?

May we stay at home?

May we stay at home?

Could we stay at home?

1

How about staying at home?

Shall we to stay at home?

V146

I used to live in London

I would live in London

I did live in London

I live in London

1

I lived in London

I am used to living in London

V147

When Mrs. Woods was younger she used to play tennis every week-end.

When Mrs. Woods was younger she was playing tennis every week-end.

When Mrs. Woods was younger she used to playing tennis every week-end.

When Mrs. Woods was younger she used tennis every week-end.

1

When Mrs. Woods was younger she would play tennis every week-end.

When Mrs. Woods was younger she used to be playing tennis every week-end.

V148

Annie won’t do her homework

Annie promises not to do her homework

Annie promised not to do her homework

Annie cannot do her homework

1

Annie refuses to do her homework

Annie shall not do her homework

V149

I asked my father, but he refused to lend me the money.

I asked my father, but he may not lend me the money.

I asked my father, but he might not lend me the money.

I asked my father, but he cannot lend me the money.

1

I asked my father, but he would not lend me the money.

I asked my father, but he refused to lending me the money.

V150

He will ask personal questions when he just meets people. It is annoying

He promises to ask personal questions when he just meets people.

He will asking personal questions when he just meets people.

He will surely ask personal questions when he just meets people.

1

He is always asking personal questions when he just meets people.

He would ask personal questions when he just meets people.