Angliyska_mova_Zoshit_1_kurs_002

All the year round many people indulge in boxing, wrestling, athletics, gymnastics and track and field events. Over the last few years aerobics has become popular with young girls. It helps them to be slim, healthy and strong. The founder of this kind of sport was a well-known American actress Jane Fonda.

Among indoor games the most popular are billiards, table-tennis, draughts and some others, but the great international game is chess, of course.

So we may say that sport is one of the things that makes people kin. I should admit that everyone must do all he can to be healthy. Physically inactive people get old earlier than those who have plenty of exercises. If you do daily exercises you feel refreshed, have a good posture, and that makes you feel good. I can add that good health is better than the best medicine. You have "A sound mind in a sound body," as the old Latin saying goes. The English proverb "Sickness in the body brings sickness to the mind" expresses a similar idea, but from a different point of view.

WORD LIST

Some popular sports

Boxing— Car racing— Diving—

Gymnastics—

Skating—

Swimming—

Wrestling—

Shooting—

Athletics— Race-

Badminton—

Basket-ball—

Football—

Hockey—

Tennis-

Chess—

Draughts— Tabletennis— Squash-

Open Air Games

Indoor Games

GRAMMAR. Present Continuous утворюється

Read + ing — reading

Work + ing — working

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У питальній формі допоміжне дієслово ставиться перед підметом:

	Are the boys playing chess?	Хлопці грають у шахu зараз?
	Is she working in the garden?	Вона зараз працює в саду?
	What are you doing?	Що ви робите?
	У заперечній формі після допоміжного дієслова вжuвається частка not:
	The girls are not singing.	Дівчата зараз не співають.
	В усному мовленні замість is not	і are not вживаються здебільшого скорочені
	форми isn’t і aren’t
	She isn’t listening to the radio.	Вона зараз не слухає радіо,
	They aren’t listening to the radio.	Вони зараз не слухають радіо.
	Why aren’t you working?	Чому ви зараз не працюєте?
	Вживання Present Continuous
1. Present Continuous вживається для
	Why are you crying?	Чому ти плачеш?
	You are not listening to me.	Ти не слухаєш мене.
2. Present Continuous вживається для

What are you doing here, in Kyiv? Що ви робите тут, у Києві? "I'm studying at the Institute of Foreign Languages."

Я вчуся в інституті іноземних мов.

3. Present Continuous вживається

I am only happy when I am working	Я щасливий лише тоді, коли працюю.
What does he do when	Чим він займається, коли
he's not teaching?	не веде занять у школі?

4.Present Continuous (як і Present Simple) вживається для вираження запланованої майбутньої дії, особливо з дієсловами, що означають рух:

∙to go, іти, їхати;

∙to come приходити;

∙to leave від'їжджати;

∙to arrive прибувати;

∙to start вирушати та ін.

Уцьому разі обов'язково вживаються обставини часу:

We're flying to Paris in the morning.	Вранці ми відлітаємо до Парижа.
When are you coming back?	Коли ви повернетесь?
Is he coming tonight?	Він прийде сьогодні ввечері?

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Дієслово to go y Present Continuous з інфінітивом іншого дієслова означає намір виконати дію в найближчому майбутньому або надає їй відтінку обов'язковості, неминучості виконання дії, позначеної інфінітивом:

I am going to speak.	Я буду говорити.
He is going to be a teacher.	Він збирається бути вчителем.

Activity 1. Open the braskets using verbs in Present Continuous.

(NOW)

1.Timothy (to feed) his dog.

2.Mr. Jones (to clean) his yard.

3.Nancy (to paint) her kitchen

4.Our neighbours (to wash) their car.

5.I (to wash) my hair.

6.Who (to fix) your sink?

7.What she (to do) now? — She (to dance).

8.The children (to brush) their teeth.

9.What he (do) at the moment? —He (to fix) his bicycle.

10.They (to have) a big dinner together.

11.I (to do) my homework.

12.Ann ( to sit) at her desk. She ( to study) geography. 13.What they ( to talk) about?

Activity 2. Open the braskets using verbs in Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1.His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired.

2.Pat (not to cook) the dinner at the moment. She (to talk) on the phone. She (to cook) dinner every Monday.

3.I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise.

4.I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning.

5.Your friend (to do) his homework now?

6.Your friend (to go) to school in the morning?

7.My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension.

8.My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden.

9.When you usually (to come) home from school? — I (to come) at three o'clock.

10.Where your cousin (to work)? — He (to work) at a hospital.

11.When you (to listen) to the news on the radio?

12.What she (to talk) about right now?

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Activity 3. Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the correct form.

come get happen look make start stay try

1.You are working hard today. - Yes, I have a lot to do.

2.I____________________________________ for Christine. Do you know where she is?

3.It____________________________________ dark. Shall I turn on the light?

4.They haven't got anywhere to live at the moment. They ________________________

with friends until they find somewhere.

5.'Are you ready, Ann?' 'Yes, I____________________________________'

6.Have you got an umbrella? It____________________________________ to rain.

7.You ____________________________________a lot of noise. Could you be quieter? I____________________________________to concentrate.

8.Why are all these people here? What____________________________________?

Activity 4. Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative .

1.I'm tired. I am going (go) to bed now. Goodnight!

2.We can go out now. It isn't raining (rain) any more.

3. 'How is your new job?' 'Not so good at the moment. I _________________________

(enjoy) it very much.'

4.Catherine phoned me last night. She's on holiday in France. She_______________________ (have) a great time and doesn't want to come back.

5.I want to lose weight, so this week I______________________________ (eat) lunch.

6.Angela has just started evening classes. She_____________________ (learn) German.

7.I think Paul and Ann have had an argument. They_____________ (speak) to each other.

Home task:

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Заняття 10

Тема Прикметники. Ступені порівняння прикметників. Дозвілля. Спорт WORD LIST

Sport Events and Participants

Competition-

Team—

Participant—

Scoring System

Defeat—

Score—

Victory—

Draw—

Goal—

Sport Equipment

Barbell—

Chessboard—

Net—

Racket—

Rings—

Activity 1. Read the word-combinations and sentences with their translation.

1) to play chess	грати в шахи
2) to play draught	грати в шашки
3) to play hockey	грати в хокей
4) to play soccer/football	грати в футбол
5) sports competitions	спортивні змагання
6) competitions in many kinds of sports	змагання з багатьох видів спорту
7) such kinds of sport as ...	такі види спорту, як ...
8) to go in for sports	займатися спортом
9) to take part in sports competitions	брати участь у спортивних змаганнях
10) sports schools and sports sections	спортивні школи і спортивні секції
11) many good athletes	багато хороших спортсменів
12) the best athlete	найкращий спортсмен
13) to show better results	досягати кращих результатів
14) a big swimming-pool	великий басейн
15) As for me ...	Щодо мене ...
16) The pupils of our group go	Учні нашої групи займаються багатьма
in for many kinds of sports.	видами спорту.
17) What team do you support?	За яку команду ви вболіваєте?

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Activity 2. Read the dialogues in pairs and make up your own ones using the words in brackets.

a)— Is your father a good football (volley-ball, basket-ball) player?

—Oh, yes, he is. He practises in football (basket-ball, volley-ball) every day.

—And what about you?

—As for me, I'm a good runner (jumper, boxer). I don't like to participate in any team.

b)— Our team will win the next soccer (volley-ball, basket-ball) match.

—Do you think so? As for me, our team isn't ready to the match yet. And besides, our best player is ill.

—I don't agree with you. Don't forget that we trained a lot. And our new player is a good sportsman.

—Let it be as you say.

Activity 3. Read and translate the text.

How Healthy Are You?

Check your knowledge.

What sort of shape are you in? Are you the sort of person who goes for a run each morning, or are you the other kind who gets out of breath when reaching for a cigarette?

Maybe you have a lot of energy. You go to work or school, you make decisions all day, and you do extra work at home. Exercise? You don't have enough time — why bother anyway?

Well, the answer to that question is your body design. Human beings weren't built for sitting at a desk all day: your body is constructed for hunting, jumping, lifting, running, climbing and a variety of other activities. If you don't get the exercise that your body wants, then things can go badly wrong. Your mind works all day, and your body does nothing: the results can vary from depression to severe illness to early death.

Not a very cheerful thought, and of course the natural reaction is "It's not going to happen to me". Maybe, maybe not. Here are two ways of looking after yourself: firstly, by seeing if you are doing the right sort of exercise, and secondly by seeing if you have the right kind of diet.

shape	- форма
to get out of breath - задихатися
bother	- тривожитися, хвилюватися

body design - будова тіла

to severe illness - серйозна хвороба

Activity 4. Answer the following questions on paper or in class discussion.

1.What happens to people if they don't get the exercises their body wants?

2.Why is it necessary for everybody to keep to the right kind of diet?

3.Why does fitness training form a noticeable part of our life?

4.Why has recreational sport become so popular and why does it occupy so much of the attention and the time of its adherents?

5.What are the most popular forms of physical exercises for the broad public in Ukraine?

6.How can the vivid interest in fitness training be accounted for?

7.How can physical exercises influence our life and work?

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Activity 5. Explain the following phrases as they have been used in the text. Translate them into Ukrainian.

to be in shape

to go for a run each morning to get out of breath

to have a lot of energy to make decisions

to do extra work at home a body design

to vary from depression to severe illness to early death

a very cheerful thought to look after oneself

to do right sort of exercise to have the right kind of diet

Activity 6. Match each word in the left-hand column with the appropriate meaning from the

right-hand column.
1. hockey	a. competition (race)
2. horse (motor)	b. match
3. shooting	c. competition (event)
4. athletics	d. contest
5. skiing	e. tournament
6. chess	f. race

PROVERBS

Activity 7. Use the proverbs and sayings in a natural context. First make sure that you know what they mean and prove that they have sense

•A good start wins the race (American).

•It is a bad game where nobody wins (Italian).

•When two play a game there must be a winner and a loser (Yiddish).

•Without losing you cannot win (Russian).

•What is sport to the cat is death to the mouse (German).

•A good swimmer is not safe against drowning (French).

•Even the best swimmer can drown (Yiddish).

•Good swimmers are drowned at last (French).

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Ступені порівняння прикметників

Прикметник —

	Прикметники
прості — good, big,	cкладні — well-
hot, young	organized

Прикметники стоять перед іменниками та після дієслова to be.

•A hot day

•a good book

•a beautiful photo

• It’s cold

Вищий ступінь порівняння. Comparatives

-er в однота двоскладових словах, що закінчуються на -er, -le, -y, -ow,

слова more (більше) або less (менше) з iншими двота

багатоскладовими прикметниками.

Найвищий ступінь порівняння. Superlatives

-est в однота двоскладових словах, які закінчуються на -er, -le, -y, -ow,

слова the most (найбільш) або the least (найменш) з iншими двота

багатоскладовими прикметниками.

Вищий ступінь порівняння

She looks younger than she actually is.

_______________________________________________________

The white jacket is nicer than the grey one.

_______________________________________________________

That way is quicker but more dangerous.

_______________________________________________________

White is more fashionable than black this year.

_______________________________________________________

Black is less fashionable than white this year.

_______________________________________________________

Andrew is stronger than Peter.

_______________________________________________________

Правила написання. Spelling rules

Закінчення -er (або -r після голосної):

1. У прикметників, які закінчуються на y → i + er.

•silly __________________ sillier

•happy _________________ happier

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1	2. У прикметників, які закінчуються на приголосну —
	голосну — приголосну, подвоюється кінцева приголосна.
	• hot ____________ hotter
	• thin ___________ thinner
	• big ____________ bigger

3. Не подвоюється кінцева приголосна, якщо перед нею стоять дві голосні.

•weak __________ weaker

•cheap __________ cheaper

•quiet __________ quieter

Запам’ятайте!

___________________ easier ______________________

__________________ funnier _____________________

__________________ dirtier ______________________

__________________ quieter _____________________

_________________ simpler _____________________

_________________ gentler _____________________

__________________ cleverer ____________________

_________________ narrower ___________________

Для більшості двоскладових прикметників так само потрібні more, less:

• careful	more careful
• modern	more modern
• famous	more famous
• boring	more boring
• correct	more correct
• useful	more useful

Activity 7. Make the comparative form of the adjectives and choose them for the following sentences. Translate.

•thin _______________________________________________

•good _______________________________________________

•interesting __________________________________________

•early _______________________________________________

•large _______________________________________________

1.Why are you always late for classes? You should leave home __________________.

2.Ann is much ____________________ than she was. She must be on a diet.

3.This apartment is too small for me. I need something _______________________.

4.This lesson is__________________ than the previous one.

5.You’re learning grammar rules now. Is your English ____________________________?

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Найвищий ступінь порівняння. Superlatives

He is the youngest.

_______________________________________________________

The white jacket is the nicest.

_______________________________________________________

That way is the most dangerous.

_______________________________________________________

She is the kindest person I know.

_______________________________________________________

That restaurant is the most expensive in town.

_______________________________________________________

	Виняток. Irregular adjectives
good	better	the best
bad	worse	the worst
far	further (farther)	the furthest (the farthest)
little (size)	smaller	the smallest
little (quantity) less		the least
many, much	more	the most

They are a bad team. They must be the worst in town.

My English is getting better.

Today’s weather is worse than it was yesterday.

My dog is little but your one is smaller.

Activity 8. Make the superlative form of the adjective. Translate.

1.She’s very young. She’s _________________________in class.

2.That’s a very exciting film. It’s___________________film showing this year.

3.He’s a very rich man. He’s one of ____________________men in the world.

4.That was scary! That was _________________thing that has ever happened to me.

5.It’s a very difficult decision. It’s __________________decision in my life.

6.The Mississippi is a long river, but it isn’t _______________ river in the world.

7.What a beautiful ring. I think it’s ___________________one in the shop.

Activity 9. Open the brackets, using verbs in Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1.I (to sit) in the waiting room at the doctor's now.

2.Eric (to talk) about his holiday plans, but Kenny (not to listen) to him. He (to think) about his new car at the moment.

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