- •Міністерство аграрної політики України
- •Unit 1 what is economics?
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions and word-combinations:
- •10. Inform the group about your activities and find out if he or she does the same:
- •11. Express doubt concerning the truth of the following statements:
- •12. Ask about the following as in the model:
- •13. Translate into English:
- •14. Communicative situations:
- •Unit 2 the american economic system
- •1. Read and memorize following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words: a profit, resources, the answers, prices, consumers, levels, a price, money.
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Make your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and word-combinations:
- •10. Open the brackets using the Present Indefinite Tense in the Passive Voice:
- •11. Read and change the sentences according to the model:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Communicative situations:
- •Unit 3 the consumer in our economy
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Make up your own dialogue using the following words, expressions and word-combinations:
- •10. Express the following in the Passive Voice:
- •11. Ask questions to the following sentences:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Communicative situations:
- •Unit 4 launching a business
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate Into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •10. Inform the group about the future activities or states:
- •11. Ask for confirmations of the truth of the following statements:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Communicative situations:
- •Unit 5 financing a business
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •10. Make the following sentences passive:
- •11. Translate the verbs in brackets in English using them in the necessary tense-form:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •13. Communicative situations:
- •Unit 6 production and marketing. The business of business
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Put questions to the italicized words:
- •10. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •11. Translate into English:
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents to the following:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •10. Put the infinitives in brackets in the Past Continuous Tense:
- •11. Paraphrase the following sentences as in the model:
- •12. Translate into English using the Past Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
- •13. Communicative situations:
- •1. Read and memorize the following words, word-combinations and word-groups:
- •2. Give English equivalents of the following:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •5. Answer the following questions:
- •6. Define the terms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Read and dramatize the following dialogue:
- •9. Make up your own dialogue using the following expressions:
- •10. Change the following sentences using the Passive Voice:
- •11. Ask when and what -questions using the Passive Voice:
- •12. Translate into English using the Past Continuous Tense (the Passive Voice):
- •13. Communicative situations:
- •Self-assessment criteria
- •If you have got:
10. Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Continuous Tense (the Active Voice):
1. What (to do) he now? He (to bring) the price of this commodity down to the point where most families can afford it. 2. Look! The new device (to break) the operation into 30 steps performed by individual workers. 3. Everyone who (to look for) work can find a job. 4. Studying the time and resources that go into production you (to analyze) productivity. 5. Employers (to employ) the optimum number of workers.
11. Translate into English:
1. У цих регіонах кількість продукції тепер зростає швидше за кількість населення. 2. Він знайде те, що шукає для ефективного використання обладнання. 3. Директори комерційних фірм використовують капітал і робочу силу, щоб максимально підвищити продуктивність праці. 4. Оптові торговці та виробники скорочують кількість товарів і рівень виробництва, щоб знизити ціни. 5. Вони знижують тверді ціни за одиницю товару, оскільки випуск продукції зростає.
unit 7 HOW FIRMS COMPETE
1. Read and memorize the following words, word- combinations and word-groups:
to influence the market - мати вплив на ринок
e.g. No individual or group can influence the behavior of the market.
interchangeable - взаємозамінний
e.g. The individual securities of a particular firm are totally interchangeable.
at will - за власним бажанням
e.g. Traders can buy or sell individual securities at will.
collusion - домовленість; зговір
e.g. Collusion is a secret arrangement between two or more firms to fix prices or share the market.
utilities – підприємства громадського користування; комунальні послуги
e.g. Public utilities are privately owned firms that provide an essential public service.
merger – об'єднання (підприємств)
integration - інтеграція, об'єднання
e.g. The combination of two or more book publishing firms would be an example of a horizontal merger or horizontal integration.
trademark – торгова марка
e.g. Trademarks are special designs, names or symbols that identify a product, service or company.
2. Give English equivalents to the following:
комунальні послуги, ринок, торгова марка, об'єднання (підприємств), надавати перевагу, угода
конкуренція, за власним бажанням, взаємозамінний патент, монополія, мати вплив на ринок, продавець, покупець
3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
1. Economists often speak of the «structure» of a …
2…. are able to enter or to leave the market at will.
3. A market in which there is only one seller is a …
4…. motivates producers to improve the quality and increase the variety of goods and services.
5. «Соkе» is a ... of the Coca -cola Company.
6. In a monopoly supply is determined by a single …
7. Under conditions of perfect competition ... could be found at the intersection of the supply and demand curves.
8. The products of certain industries such as aluminium, chemicals and electronics, are protected by ... .
Words: market price, buyers and sellers, monopoly, trademark, patents, market, competition, firm.
4. Read and translate the text:
Markets exist wherever people come together to buy and sell their goods and services. In economic systems during such hours, consumers and producers exchange their goods and services in many competitive markets.
A perfectly competitive market, according to economists, requires all of the following conditions:
- Many buyers and sellers; no individual or group can influence the behavior of the market.
- Identical goods or services offered for sale.
- No buyer or seller knows more than any other about the market.
Buyers and sellers are able to enter or leave the market at will. Few markets have all these characteristics. The New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange and other similar securities markets, however, are good examples of perfect competition. The individual securities of a particular firm are totally interchangeable.
Collusion is a secret arrangement between two or more firms to fix prices or share the market. These agreements are usually illegal.
Public Utilities are privately owned firms that provide an essential public service. They are granted a monopoly because it is felt that competition would be harmful to the public interest.
Trademarks are special designs, names or symbols that identify a product, service or company. Many businesses are naturally interested in growing and controlling as much of a market – or several markets – as possible. One way to accomplish this goal is through a merger.
Mergers fall into three categories: horizontal, vertical, or conglomerate.
The combination (or «integrating») of two or more companies engaged in the same business is a horizontal merger. The combination of two or more book publishing firms would be an example of a horizontal merger or horizontal integration.
A conglomerate merger combines two or more unrelated businesses under a single management.