Vocabulary
population- тұрғылықты халқы
in the world-элемде
century-ғасыр
nation-ұл
culture-мәдениет
Roman-католик, румындық
Celt-кельт
Dane-даттық, даниялық
Norman-нормаңцық
inhabitant-тұрғын
cockney-кокни
Londoner-лондондық
Scottish-шотландық
gaelic-гэльдік тіл
Questions:
What is the population of the USA?
Is Great Britain a large or a small country in area and in popi
tion?
What is the population of London?
What other cities in the world with a population of nearly 7 ;
lion people do you know?
MULTINATIONAL KAZAKHSTAN
The population of Kazakhstan more than 16 million peop My country is a multinational state. More than one hundred tionalities live here.
Census figures taken in 1995 put Kazakhstan's populati at 16,5 million with an annual growth rate of 0,62%. The со try's principal ethnic groups include Kazakh 44%, Russian 36°) Ukrainian 5%, German 4%, Uzbek and Tatar 2%, Belarassii and Azerbaijani 1% and other 5%.
The urban-rural distinction is almost evenly divided wi 57% of the population living in urban areas.
Vocabulary
multinational- көп ұлтты
hundred-жүз
ethnic-этникалық
russian-орыс
german-неміс
urban-қалалық
rural-ауылдық
area-облыс, аймақ
Task:
Fill in the table
The latest figures:
,
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The principal ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan |
% |
Ethnic groups |
% |
|
Kazakhs |
44 |
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Ask questions on the text for your groups to answer them. Give a short summary of the text.
SEASONS
There are four seasons ina year: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Every season lasts about three months.
Winter usually begins in December and ends in March. It is cold in winter and it often snows. There is much snow on the ground. It gets dark early in the evening. It gets light late in
the morning. In winter we have the shortest days and the longest nights. It is difficult and unpleasant to get up early in the morning in winter because it is dark and cold.
But winter is a good time for sports. In winter we can go in for such kinds of sport as skating and skiing. It is very pleasant to go skiing in the country on a brigtly sunny day. At the end of winter the sun begins to shine as brightly as in spring, it is not so warm as in spring yet.
Spring comes at the end of March. The sun begins to shine more brightly, the day's become longer and the first spring flowers appear everywhere. Everything is so fresh and so beautiful, even the people look younger. Everybody enjoys the beginning of spring. Most people say that spring is the best season of the year.
At the beginning of spring it is still cold, but at the end of it, it gets much warmer. Sometimes it rains. Of course in spring it is much warmer than in winter but it is not so warm as in summer.
Summer is the warmest season of the year. It begins in June and ends in August. In summer it gets light early in the morning and it gets dark late in the evening.
In summer we have the longest days and the shortest nights. It often rains but the rain is warm and does not last long. Most people have their Ij holidays in summer and spend a lot of time in the open air. It is not pleasant to stay in town in summer, and most people leave town for the country. We can swim and bathe, we can play tennis and football. We enjoy our holiday if the weather is fine.
After summer comes autumn. Autumn is a beautiful season. Many people say that autumn is the the most beautiful season of
the year. Autumn is very beautiful at the beginning when it is till warm and the trees are getting yellow and red. They look so beautiful- There are a lot of brown, yellow and red leaves everywhere on the ground. Little by little the days become shorter and the nights become longer. It gets colder and colder. In October and November it often rains. Sometimes it even snows. It gets windy. There appear dark clouds in the sky. Of course it is not so cold as in winter yet, but we know that winter is coming. It is more pleasant to stay inside than to be outside. Some people say that this is the worst time of the year.
VOCABULARY
season- жыл мезгілі
spring-көктем
summer-жаз
autumn-күз
winter-қыс
month-ай
december-желтоқсан
to begin-басталу
to end-біту
тагсһ-наурыз
snow-қар
day-күн
night-түн
cold-суық
skating-коньки тебу
skiing-шаңғы тебу
sunny-күн шуақты
warm-жылы
sun-күн
flower-гүл
t(> appear-шығу
гаіп-жауын
summer-жаз
june-маусым
august-тамыз
open air-ашық алан,
to swim-жүзу
to bathe-шомылу
weather-aya-райы
autumn-күз
tree-ағаш
yellow-сары
red-қызыл
brown-қоңыр
leave-жапырық
october-қазан
november-қараша
windy-желді
cloud-бұлт
sky-аспан
Questions:
How many seasons are there in a year? What are they? Whe does winter begin? Is it warm or cold in winter? Are the day long or short in winter? What is the shortest winter day? Doe it often snow in winter? What seasons do you like best of all Is it as cold in spring as in winter? How long does summer last What are the summer months? Do people spend much time if the open air in summer? When does the sun rise in summer When does it set? What is the first autumn month? Do tto days get shorter in autumn? Does it often rain in autumn? Di you live in town or in the country in summer?
Write ten questions on the text.
WEATHER FORECAST
Two men were travelling in a very wild part of America. They saw no modern houses and no traces of civilization for many days. What they saw were only a few huts made of wood or tents where Indians lived. One day they met an old Indian who was a hunter. He was very very clever and knew everything about the forest and the animals living in it and many other things. He could also speak English quite well. "Can you tell us what the weather will be like during the next few days?" one of the travelers asked him. "Oh, yes," he answered. "Rain is coming, and wind. Then there will be snow for a day or two but then the sunshine will come again and the weather will be fine".
"These old Indians seem to know more about Nature than we with all our science", said the man to his friend. Then he turned to the old Indian.
"Tell me", he asked, "how do you know all that?"
The Indian answered: "I heard it over the radio".
ON WEATHER
I
"Good morning, Mrs Green. It has become quite cool all of a
sudden, hasn't it?"
"Yes, and this rain seems endless".
"I think the summer is over and autumn's on the way".
"The nights are certainly longer. It gets dark soon after tea-time
now".
"I much prefer winter to summer. I can't stand hot weather".
II
"I say, Mum. What's the weather going to be?" "It looks like rain. There are dark clouds in the sky and a strong wind is blowing"
1 "Oh, I have to put on my raincoat'' "And don't forget your umbrella"
"All right, Mum. I must be off. Bye"
III
" Hi, Susan. Where have you been this summer? You look fine"
"I spend my summer holidays at the sea-side" "What was the weather like?"
"It was hot all the days, not a cloud in the sky. The water was about 25 degrees above. I enjoyed my stay there very much"
IV
"I say, John"
"Yes?"
"Have you got today's newspaper?"
"What does the weather report say?''
"Let me see. Well, it says: 'The weather will be rainy with bright intervals. Strong north-east winds. Temperature about 15'C (degrees Centigrade)' ".
VOCABULARY
weather-aya-райы
good morning-қайырлы таң
to prefer-қалау
a strong wind-қатты жел
to forget-ұмыту
umbrella-зонтик
newspaper- газет
Questions:
What is the weather like today?
In what weather is it more pleasant to stay inside than to be outside?
What will you put on if the weather is very cold? Do you see any change in the weather?
Task:
Tell the group if the weather is agreeable for your plans and why?
why?
Task:Describe the view you see from the window of your group and the weather you are having.
Abraham Lincoln ( 1809-1865)
Abraham Lincoln had a still greater wish: he wanted to see all the people of the United States, including the black people, free from oppression and exploitation by the rich, the owners of the big plantations. Abraham Lincoln was the son of a poor farmer. He was born in 1809 and his childhood was spent in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. But in 1816, when the young Abraham was only seven years old, his father lost his farm and the family moved to another part of the country, where the boy worked as a rarm labourer, a shop-assistant and later as a clerk in the post-office.
Then, in 1818, his mother, whom he loved very dearly, lied. Happily for him, when his father married again, the second wife was a good mother to him too. Seeing that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was
poor and the boy could not get many books. His favorite ones were The Life of George Washington and Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe. He later said himself that he only went to school “by littles" - a little now and a little then, and not more than a year in all. But he worked hard and later even became a lawyer.
In 1847 he was elected member of the US Congress. In all his political work, Lincoln thought of building a free state for all
people.
The state, he said, could not be half free and slaves.
In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for j slaves.
During the Civil War between the North and the S« .;: Lincoln was named commander-in-chief of the Union Ai ; and in 1865, the war was won by the Union Army and i who wanted freedom for the slaves.
In 1864, he was* elected President of the United State for the second time. But his enemies, the owners of the plantai r, in the South and the bankers in New York who had grown с on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue ii good work. He was shot in a theatre in Washington on Apri -1865 and he died the next day.
At the opening of a memorial to the many men who io; their lives fighting for the freedom of the black slaves, Abrahai Lincoln told his countrymen that the living must finish the wor of those dead; that they must fight for freedom for all the blac and the white; that America must strengthen government of th people by the people and for the people.