Вариант 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The automatic equipment is being installed in our shop.

2. Radioactive isotopes have been made in nuclear reactor.

3. The construction of this house will be completed in a month.

4. The engineer was asked about the new technology used at the plant.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. The success in chemistry made it possible to obtain a lot of new materials.

2. One must apply the materials that can be machined easily.

3. It is the energy of falling water that is used to drive turbines.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. The operators dealing with radioisotopes must have protective suits.

2. The engineers are to study the problem of using solar energy.

3. We had to use a computer to make these calculations.

4. One never knows what he can do.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. I think the drawing will be ready by tomorrow.

2. The phenomenon Roentgen discovered is widely used in medicine.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. To design new buildings is the work of an architect.

2. To measure volumes we must know the dimensions of a body.

3. The purpose of this book is to describe certain properties of metals.

4. She is leaving for the conference to be held in Moscow.

VI. Прочитайте и переведите с 1 по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 3-й абзацы.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. to propel – приводить в движение

2. self-propelled – самоходный, самодвижущийся

3. engine – машина, двигатель.

The early days of the automobile

1. One of the earliest attempts to propel¹ a vehicle by mechanical power was suggested by Isaac Newton. But the first self-propelled² vehicle was constructed by the French military engineer Cugnot in 1763. He built a steam-driven engine³ which had three wheels, carried two passengers and ran at maximum speed of four miles. The carriage was a great achievement but it was far from perfect and extremely inefficient. The supply of steam lasted only 15 minutes and the carriage had to stop 100 yards to make more steam.

2. From 1800 to 1900 was a period of the application of gasoline engines to motor cars in many countries. The first to perfect gasoline engine was N. Otto who introduced the four-stroke cycle of operation. The cars of that time were very small, two-seated cars with no roof, driven by an engine placed under the seat. Motorists had to carry large cans of fuel and separate spare tyres, for there were no repair or filling stations to serve them.

3. After World War I it became possible to achieve greater reliability of motor cars, brakes became more efficient. Multi-cylinder engines came into use, most commonly used are four-cylinder engines.

4. Like most other great human achievements, the motor car is not the product of any single inventor. Gradually the development of vehicles driven by internal combustion engine-cars, as they had come to be known, caused huge capital flow into the automobile industry. From 1908 to 1924 the number of cars in the world rise from 200 thousand to 20 million; by 1960it had reached 60 million! No other industry had ever developed at such a rate.

VII. Прочитайте 3 и 4-й абзацы текста и ответьте на вопросы письменно.

1. Was the motor car the product of any single inventor?

2. What vehicles were developed gradually?

3. What did the development of these vehicles cause?

4. How many cars were manufactured in 1960?

5. Had other industry ever developed at such a rate?