Corrosion

1. During a year almost 200 million tons of metal objects are considered to be destroyed by corrosion. Considering that about 600 million tons of metal a year are produced in the world, it is easy to understand the losses of objects without which our life could not be imagined.

2. The situation is very serious, because not only metal is destroyed but also a great amount of articles, instruments and tools whose cost exceeds many times the cost of the metal used for their manufacture.

3. Combating against the corrosion of metals has now become a key problem in all industrialized countries.

The scientific and technical achievements in the field of raising the corrosion resistance of construction materials are the basis of technical progress in different branches of industry, an indicator of the country’s economic potential.

4. A large amount of “anti-corrosion” work is being carried out in Russia. The results are evident: Russian-made inhibitors, varnishes, paint covers are being well known throughout the world. Gas pipelines, metal structures, the bodies of atomic reactors and ships, etc. have been reliably protected against corrosion.

5. Russia also exports special equipment and some kind of technology designed to weaken corrosion. Anti-corrosion varnishes, paints, insulating materials and equipment are sold abroad.

V. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

What materials weakening corrosion does Russia sell?

Вариант 2.

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

1. Samples of semiconductors with improved properties are reported to be obtained on a new installation.

2. Scientists found beta-rays to consist of negative particles.

3. A problem to be solved by digital computer must be expressed in mathematical terms.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. Having used a laser beam scientist obtained accurate calculations of Jupiter’s temperature.

2. The beam travelled 800,000 km in space, its velocity approaching that of light.

3. Being used in measuring the diffusion of metals isotopes gave much more accurate data.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений (см. образец выполнения 3).

1. If the metal had been heated slowly, the first changes in its appearance would have occurred at a temperature of 1,000 K.

2. If liquids expand upon freezing, an increase of pressure lowers its freezing point.

3. It would be impossible to determine the properties of these materials without intensive studies in our research laboratory.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-ого по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4-й абзацы текста.

Пояснения к тексту.

1. the laser- лазер

2. partial mirror- полупрозрачное стекло

3. power supply- источник питания