Контрольная работа № 2

для слушателей заочной формы обучения

по специальностям 080504.65 «Государственное и муниципальное управление»,

080507.65 «Менеджмент организаций»,

080505.65 «Управление персоналом»

Вариант № 4

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Companies belong to different areas of business.

2. The clients are not interested in expensive low quality goods.

3. The competition on the world market is getting very tense nowadays.

4. Most accountants have already reported to the financial director.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните причастия 1 и 2 и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого:

1. There could be different terms of payment: by a letter of credit against shipping documents, payment for collection and so on.

2. Prices and terms are often revised because the market situation is changing every day.

3. If their equipment bought from a certain firm is damaged or if some defect is found, it should be repaired and faulty goods should be replaced at the seller’s expence.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод зависимых и независимых причастных оборотов:

1. Having made an appointment, she suddenly recalled she had forgotten to prepare some important documents.

2. The situation being urgent, all my colleagues had to go ahead.

3. The boss leant a little forward over the table, with his wrists resting upon it.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива:

1. When he looked at the young man closely, he remembered to have seen him in father’s company.

2. Successful management has many secrets to be discovered yet.

3. He is very forgetful, but he doesn’t like to be reminded of his duties.

4. A manager’s aim is to establish common understanding between himself and his subordinates.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям:

   1. She was known to be an honest and hard-working person.

   2. This management style is said to be the most effective one.

   3. I expect our senior colleagues to understand your problems and help you to solve them.

6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:

WHITE-COLLAR WORKER

White-collar workeris a chiefly US idiom referring to a salaried professional or a person whose job is clerical in nature, as opposed to a blue-collar worker whose job is more in line with manual labor. White-collar work is an informal term as there is no accepted enumeration of white-collar jobs to the extent that it is typically defined as any job that is not blue-collar.

The term 'white-collar' possibly derives from the clerical collar of a priest's clothing. Prior to the rise of separate professional and mercantile classes, priests not only performed ecclesiastical duties, but also served as physicians, lawyers, scribes, and accountants: often, they were the only literate members of a society in which others could not read or write. A more popular theory of origin contends that the term stems from the fact that during most of the twentieth century (male) office workers almost always had to wear dress shirts, which had a collar and were usually white.

The proportion of white collar workers in the United States steadily increased from 17% of employees in 1900 to 59.4%{Bureau of the Census, 1990, p380)} of employees having white-collar jobs in 1998. This is likely due to the recent technological revolution, and changes in the economic structure of the United States.

Formerly a minority in the agrarian and early industrial societies, they have become a majority in industrialized countries. The recent technological revolution has created disproportionately more desk jobs, and lessened the number of employees doing manual work in factories. Generally, the pay rate is higher among white-collar workers, although many of the "white-collar" workers are not necessarily upper-middle class or of privilege as the term once implied. For example, many jobs in the ever growing service sector have a high dress code despite their low pay, whereas many skilled manual trades-people earn comfortable middle-class salaries, although the jobs may be increasingly scarce.

Also, an increasing number of companies do not have any blue-collar workers because they do not physically manufacture anything within their home country, but instead have an entire hierarchy of white-collar desk workers who mostly dress the same. In this type of corporate environment, the ranking is less signified by the clothing, but may be strikingly apparent by the quality of the work space, the responsibilities delegated, the privileges granted, and by the salary itself.

In recent times workers have had varying degrees of latitude about their choice of dress. Dress codes can range from relaxed - with employees allowed to wear jeans and street clothes — up to traditional office attire. Many companies today operate in a business casual environment — where employees are required to wear dress pants (business trousers) or skirts and a shirt with a collar. Because of this, not all what would be called white-collar workers in fact wear the traditional white shirt and tie.