1. When you use a modem, you normally use a communication program or web browser to utilize the modem and dial-out on a telephone line. 2. There are four basic types of modems for a PC: external, USB, internal and built-in. 3. Sometimes the USB type is called "USB external". 4. The external serial modem plugs into a connector on the back of the PC known as a "serial port". 5. The internal modem is a card that is inserted inside the computer. 6. The built-in modem is part of the motherboard. 7. Modems usually include the ability to send Faxes (Fax Modems). 8. "Voice" modems can work like an automatic answering machine and handle voicemail. 9. You can get a phone call while online.

IX. Translate into English.

1. БЕЙСІК – це проста у вивченні та використанні мова програмування, орієнтована на діалогову роботу. Це найпростіша мова, яка використовується на ПЕОМ. 2. Група з восьми бітів, яка опрацьовується як одне ціле, називається байтом. Байт може представляти собою символ (літеру), команду або становити частину машинного слова, що складається з кількох байтів. Звичайно байт – це найменша адресована одиниця пам′ яті ЕОМ.

X. Read the text and translate it in written form. Fill in the blanks with suitable words: is, need to configure, to decide, to use, has already set, there are.

Text C

Internal Modems: Manual configuration

If it didn't get automatically assigned a port ttySx and an IRQ (or you need to change these values) then you … it yourself. You first need … which ttySx (or ttys/x) to assign it to. Pick a ttySx that … not already in use by other serial

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ports. Then you have the problem of setting an IRQ number and IO address. For PnP modems: If the BIOS … already … these in the physical device (which a PnP BIOS will do if it thinks you don't have a PnP OS) then you need to determine the IRQ and IO address and then tell this to "setserial".

In other cases you may have some choice of IRQs and IO addresses (including the case where you are able to change what the BIOS has set). For ISA modems … … standard IO addresses to use (corresponding to the ttySx). For example you may find it feasible to use /dev/ttyS2 at IO address 0x3e8 and IRQ 11. PCI modems seem … different IO addresses so as not to conflict with ISA modems.

XI. Put the words into the right order.

Plug, line, into, the, modem, a, telephone.

Minicom, to set, to use, up, is, modem, to test, the, your, easiest, and.

First, you, time, ppp, the, may, get, to, work.

With, you, to see, minicom, modem, is, check, if, your, there, ready, and, to dial.

PC, four, of, for, are, a, basic, modems, there, types. The, is, card, internal, modem, is, inside, inserted, that, the, computer, a.

XII. Translate the text into English in written form.

Key words: abbreviation, modulatordemodulator, connection device, analogue, digital, to transmit, coordination, commutation, connecting, short range modems, baseband modems, cellular communication/mobile radio-link communication, package

Text D

Модем

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Модем (Modem – скорочення від модулятор-демодулятор) – пристрій зв'язку для перетворення аналогового сигналу в дискретний

(модуляція) та навпаки (демодуляція), що, наприклад, дозволяє комп'ютеру передавати дані по телефонній лінії; він є пристроєм узгодження у телекомунікаційних системах, системах автоматичного керування тощо. Стосовно застосування модемів у комп'ютерній техніці, то модеми поділяють на внутрішні (що встановлюються усередині системного блока), зовнішні (що встановлюються ззовні системного блока), портативні (застосовуються з портативними комп'ютерами), групові (при об'єднанні відповідних модемних пристроїв в групи).

За сферою застосування модеми можна поділити на такі групи:

∙для комутованих телефонних каналів;

∙для виділених телефонних каналів;

∙для фізичних з'єднувальних ліній:

oмодеми низького рівня (лінійні драйвери) або модеми на коротку відстань;

oмодеми основної смуги;

∙для цифрових систем передачі (CSU/DSU);

∙для стільникових систем зв'язку;

∙для пакетних радіомереж;

∙для локальних радіомереж.

Unit 6

I. Read the text carefully and answer the questions below. Explain the words in bold.

Text A

One of the shared assumptions in-computer research is that talking to computers is a very good idea. Such a good idea that: speech is regarded as the natural interface: between human and computer.

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Each company with enough money to spare and enough egotism to believe that it can

shape everyone's future now has a 'natural language' research group. Films and TV series set in the future use computers with voice interfaces to show how far technology has advanced from our own primitive day and age. The unwritten assumption is that talking to your computer will in the end be as natural as shouting at your relatives.

The roots of this shared delusion lie in the genuine of spoken communication between humans. Meaning is transferred from person to person so effortlessly that it must be the best way of transferring information from a human to another object.

This view is totally misguided. Computers do not experience life as people do – it is shared human experience which enables people to understand each other precisely in a conversation where a transcript would make very little sense. Unfinished sentences, in-jokes, catchphrases, hesitation markers like 'er' and 'you know', and words whose meaning is only clear in the context of that one conversation are no bar to human understanding, but baffled early attempts at computer speech recognition.

It is true that recent advances in linguistic research and artificial intelligence address this problem, but they address it only in part. The problem essentially remains.

1. Is it a good idea to talk to computers?

2.Is speech regarded as the natural interface: between human and computer?

3.Will talking to your computer be as natural as shouting at your relatives?

4.What must be the best way of transferring information from a human to another object?

5.Computers do not experience life as people do, don’t they?

II. Explain in your own words what the phrase 'this shared delusion' describes?

III. Fill in the gap with the correct word derived from the words in brackets.

I've never understood the 1) _____ (to believe) that talking to your computer is a Good Thing. It seems to me to be 2) _____ (total) misguided. In fact, so-called 'natural communication' with a computer would 3) _____ (appearance) to be about as unnatural as you can get. People and computers inhabit 4)

_____ (difference) worlds. Ever if you succeed in ordering your computer

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about, it'll never laugh at your jokes, make sarcastic 5) _____ (to comment), tell you the latest gossip or do any of the other things that make real human conversation such fun.

Then there's that awful prospect of an office full of people 6) _____ (to talk) to their machines. Quite apart from the noise generated, most people are bound to feel pretty ridiculous talking to something so 7) _____ (obvious) nonhuman.

I doubt very much, though, whether people in modern society are capable of speaking 8) _____ (clear) and unambiguously enough to a computer. Most of us don't have servants to boss around any more, and changes in the way we work mean that office managers are no longer used to giving crisp orders and 9)

_____ (expectation) them to be obeyed.

There's no doubt that controlling a computer by speaking to it only works if you 10) _____ (imitation) an army drill sergeant. You have to 11) _____ (avoidance) all those 'could you's' and 'would you mind's' that most of us use when we're trying to get someone to do something they don't really want to do. Since this will be nigh on impossible for most of us, we'll end up with machines never doing what we 12) _____ (real) want and making all manner of mistakes in the process. We'll probably even be unable to pull the plug out when we've given up trying.

IV. Read and translate the text. Put ten questions to the text. Render it in English.

Text B

Motherboards

The motherboard is the main circuit board inside the PC which holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. It's made up of a chipset (known as the "glue logic"), some code in ROM and the various interconnections or buses. PC designs today use many different buses to link their various components. Wide, high-speed buses are difficult and expensive to produce: the signals travel at such a rate that even distances of just a few centimetres cause timing problems, while the metal tracks on the circuit board act as miniature radio antennae, transmitting electromag-

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netic noise that introduces interference with signals elsewhere in the system. For these reasons, PC design engineers try to keep the fastest buses confined to the smallest area of the motherboard and use slower, more robust buses, for other parts.

This section focuses on basic functionality and layout - the motherboard's various interfaces, buses and chipsets being covered elsewhere.

V. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Predicates and define their tense forms.

1. Early PCs used the AT form factor and 12in wide motherboards. 2. The sheer size of an AT motherboard caused problems for upgrading PCs and did not allow use of the increasingly popular slim line desktop cases. 3. These problems were largely addressed by the smaller version of the full AT form factor, the Baby AT, introduced in 1989. 4. Whilst this remains a common form factor, there have been several improvements since. 5. All designs are open standards and as such don't require certification. 6. A consequence is that there can be some quite wide variation in design detail between different manufacturers' motherboards.

VI. Put the verbs in brackets in the required tense forms and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1. With the BAT design the processor socket (to be located) at the front of the motherboard, and full-length expansion cards (to be intended) to extend over it. 2. This means that removing the processor (to require) the removal of some or all expansion cards first. 3. Problems (to be exacerbated) by the increasing speeds of Pentium-class processors. 4. System cooling (to rely) on the AT power

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supply blowing air out of the chassis enclosure and, due to the distance between the power supply and the CPU, an additional chassis fan or active heat sink became a necessity to maintain good airflow across the CPU. 5. AT power (to supply) only provide 12V and 5V outputs to the motherboard, requiring additional regulators on the motherboard if 3.3V components (PCI cards or CPUs) (to be used). 6. Sometimes a second heat sink (to be required) on these voltage regulators and together the various additional heat dissipation components caused serious obstruction for expansion slots. 7. Some BAT designs (to allow) the use of either AT or ATX power supplies, and some ATX cases might allow the use of a Baby-AT motherboard.

VII. Fill in the blanks with suitable words in the correct form: are located, is, to remove, within, costs.

1. The LPX format … a specialised variant of the Baby-AT used in low profile desktop systems and is a loose specification with a variety of proprietary implementations. 2. Expansion slots … on a central riser card, allowing cards to be mounted horizontally. 3. However, this arrangement can make it difficult … the motherboard, and the more complex engineering required adds to system … 4. As the riser card prevents good airflow … the system case, additional chassis fans are almost always needed.

VIII. Put the words into the right order.

Motherboard, inside, circuit, main, the, is, the, board, PC, the.

It's, up, chipset, of, a, as, made, the, "glue logic", known. PC, buses, today, to link, designs, various, use, their, different, many,

components.

To produce, wide, high-speed, are, and, expensive, buses, difficult.

IX. Put questions to which the following sentences would be the answers.

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