- •І. С. Холмогорцева а. В. Котова english for physicists
- •Навчальний посібник
- •Передмова
- •Part I. General course Unit 1
- •Passive voice
- •Study the following words and word combinations
- •Particles and Fields
- •Where Does the Thunder Come From?
- •Modal verbs
- •Modal verbs with perfect infinitive
- •Study the following words
- •Physics Lab Safety Rules
- •Our Place in the Universe
- •Conditionals
- •Subjunctive mood
- •Study the following words
- •Properties of Light
- •The Atomic Structure of Matter
- •Participle I
- •Study the following words
- •Cutting Through a Myth about Modern Lasers
- •Participle II
- •Absolute participle construction
- •Study the following words
- •Fun Facts about Lasers
- •Study the following words
- •The World Is Made of Subatomic Particles
- •The Big Bang Theory
- •Infinitive
- •Bare infinitive
- •Fiber-Optic Technology
- •Gerund vs. Infinitive
- •Copper and Technology
- •Test yourself Quantum world record smashed
- •V. Grammar test. Choose the correct form.
- •Part II. Special skills Resume
- •Creating The Effective Resume
- •Fill in the Blank Resume Form _______________________
- •Business Letters Layout
- •Inside Address
- •Business Correspondence
- •Study the following word combinations Phrases that can be used in all kinds of business letters
- •Summary and Abstaract Writing
- •Tips on writing an abstract
- •Part III. Additional reading Plasma
- •Plasmas in space
- •Mechanisms of Electron Losses: Electron-Ion Recombination
- •The mhd equations
- •Elements of Quantum Mechanics. History
- •Density dependence of the quark structure of light nuclei
- •An astrophysical application: alpha-capture reactions
- •Dating the Shroud of Turin
- •Double Beta-Decay
- •Advances in Carbon Nanotube Characterization
- •How lasers work
- •Appendix 1 List of irregular verbs
- •Appendix 2 Guidance on reading terminology
- •1. The plural of the nouns of Greek and Latin origin
- •2. Numerals in English
- •3. Signs and symbols
- •4. Latin terms and abbriviations
- •5. Greek alphabet
- •Appendix 3 Useful phrases for abstracts
- •Reporting Verbs
- •List of References
- •Contents Передмова…………………………………………………………………………3
- •Англійська мова для студентів фізичних спеціальностей
- •61022, М. Харків, майдан Свободи, 4.
Study the following words
arrangement (n) – домовленість, розміщення, класифікація; arrangement by numbers
cast (v) – кидати, направляти; to cast an eye – кидати погляд
emanate (v) – випромінювати; бути результатом чогось
incandescent (adj) – розпечений, яскравий, той, що світиться
inverted (adj) – перевернутий, повернутий у зворотному напрямку
pinhole (n) – точений отвір (наприклад, діафрагми)
propagation (n) – відтворення, походження (сигналу)
radiate (v) – випромінювати
realm (n) – сфера, галузь
rectilinear (adj) ‑ прямолінійний
Exercise 9. Complete the following sentences with the words above.
1. The shape looked like an … V. 2. At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the … of fantasy. 3. The setting sun … an orange glow over the mountains. 4. Be sure that the … is closed not to blacken the film. 5. … motion means motion in a straight line. 6. I don’t think that we have enough knowledge to set the … of that strange noise. 7. He … power and confidence. 8. Heat … from the stove. 9. They had an … that the children would spend two weeks with each parent. 10. She was … with rage.
TEXT 1
Properties of Light
Light and its various phenomena present some of the most interesting studies in the whole realm of physics. They are interesting because the results of many experiments are revealed through the sense of vision as colour phenomena. Equally important and every bit as interesting is the historical development and the discovery of the various principles, concepts, and properties of light which give rise to this phenomena.
All of the various known properties of light are conveniently described in terms of the experiments by which they were discovered and the many and varied experiments by which they are now continually demonstrated. Numerous as they are, these experiments may by grouped together and classified under one of the three following heads: 1) geometrical optics, 2) physical optics, and 3) quantum optics. Each of these may be subdivided as follows: geometrical optics: rectilinear propagation, finite velocity, reflection, refraction; physical optics: diffraction, interference, polarization, double refraction; quantum optics: photoelectric effect, Compton effect, atomic excitation, pair production.
The rectilinear propagation of light is another way of saying that “light travels in straight lines”. The fact that objects may be made to cast fairly sharp shadows is an experimental demonstration of this principle. Another illustration is the image formation of an object which is produced by light passing through a small opening. An object can be ordinary incandescent light bulb. In order to see how an image is formed, consider the rays of light emanating from a single point a near the top of the bulb. Of the many rays of light radiating in all directions, the ray that travels in the direction of the hole passes through the point a' near the bottom of the image screen. Similarly, a ray leaving b near the bottom of the bulb and passing through the hole will arrive at b' near the top of the image screen. Thus, it may be seen that an inverted image is formed.
If the image screen is moved closer to the pinhole screen, the image will be proportionately smaller, whereas if it were moved farther away the image would be proportionately larger. The same thing happens when either the object or the pinhole is moved. Excellent photographs can be made with this arrangement by making a pinhole in one end of a small box a placing a photographic film or plate at the other. Such an arrangement is called a pinhole camera. For good, sharp photographs the hole must be very small, because its size determines the amount of blurring produced.
Exercise 10. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following words and word combinations.
The whole realm; the sense of vision; give rise; in terms of; as follows; double refraction; Compton effect; rectilinear propagation; sharp shadows; incandescent light bulb.
Exercise 11. Give English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.
Різноманітні відомі властивості; кінцева швидкість; збудження атому; утворення електронно-позитронних пар; світло, що проходить крізь маленький отвір; розглянемо промені світла; перевернуте зображення; в той час як; затемнення.
Exercise 12. Find synonyms to the following words in the text.
Branch; to constitute; shown; classified; hot; to examine; upside down.
Exercise 13. Match the beginning and the end of the sentences.
1. |
The fact that objects may be made to cast fairly sharp shadows |
a. |
that an inverted image is formed. |
2. |
It may be seen |
b. |
is an experimental demonstration of this principle. |
3. |
They are interesting because the results of many experiments |
c. |
when either the object or the pinhole is moved. |
4. |
The same thing happens |
d. |
consider the rays of light emanating from a single point a near the top of the bulb. |
5. |
Another illustration is the image formation of an object |
e. |
are revealed through the sense of vision as colour phenomena. |
6. |
In order to see how an image is formed, |
f. |
which is produced by light passing through a small opening. |
Exercise 14. Render the text “Properties of light”.
TEXT 2