Грамматическая формула страдательного залога

to be + V 3

Формы страдательного залога

Present		Past	Future
Simple	am / is / are + V3 + The contests are held every year. -The contests aren’t held every year. ? Are the contests held every year?	was / were + V3 + The contests were held last year. - The contests weren’t held last year. ? Were the contests held last year?	will be + V3 + The contests will be held next year. - The contests won’t be held next year. ? Will the contests be held next year?
Progressive	am / is / are being + V3 + The contests are being held now. - The contests aren’t being held now. ? Are the contests being now?	was / were being + V3 + The contests were being held at 5 p.m. yesterday. - The contests weren’t being held at 5 p.m. yesterday. ? Were the contests being at 5 p.m. yesterday.	___
Perfect	have / has been + V3 + The contests have just been held. - The contests haven’t been held yet. ? Have the contests been held?	had been + V3 + The contests had been held by 5 p.m. yesterday. - The contests hadn’t been by 5 p.m. yesterday. ? Had the contests been held by 5 p.m. yesterday?	will have been + V3 + The contests will have been held by 5 p.m. tomorrow. - The contests won’t have been held by 5 p.m. tomorrow. ? Will the contests have been held by 5 p.m. tomorrow.

• После глагола в страдательном залоге употребляются следующие предлоги:

№ п/п	Предлог	Употребление	Пример
1.	- by	обозначает действующее лицо	The last goal was scored by the forward. Последний гол был забит нападающим
2.	- with	обозначает предмет, при помощи которого совершается действие	The sports ground is covered with snow. Спортивная площадка покрыта снегом.
3.	- to	используется с косвенным дополнением	The main prize was given to him. Ему был присужден главный приз.

• Если в страдательном залоге употребляется глагол с предлогом, то предлог сохраняет свое место после глагола и произносится с ударением:

The child is well taken care of.

О ребенке хорошо заботятся.

Hewaslaughedat.

Над ним посмеялись.

The doctor will be sent for at once.

За врачом пошлют непременно.

• Глагол в страдательном залоге может сочетаться с модальными глаголами can, must, ought.

This sport magazine can be bought at any bookstall.

Этот спортивный журнал можно купить в любом киоске.

• Английские страдательные обороты переводятся на русский язык тремя способами:

№ п/п	This sports equipment was examined yesterday	Перевод
1.	глаголом быть + краткое причастие	Это спортивное оборудование было проверено вчера.
2.	глаголом, оканчивающимся на –ся:	Это спортивное оборудование проверялось вчера.
3.	глаголом в 3-м лице мн. чл. с неопределенным значением.	Это спортивное оборудование проверили вчера.

• Страдательные обороты, состоящие из местоимения It+ глагол переводятся следующим образом:

It is said – Говорят

It was reported – Сообщили

Itisknown– Известно

При наличии asв значениикакItне используется.

As was expected our team would participate in the would championship.

Как ожидалось, наша команда будет участвовать в чемпионате мира.