- •Министерство финансов Российской Федерации
- •Утверждено и рекомендовано решением
- •В качестве учебного пособия
- •Введение
- •Chapter I law Unit 1 Introduction to Law
- •Introduction to Law
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •The Aims of Law
- •In trouble with the law law-abiding my word is law
- •Unit 2 What Law Is
- •What Is Law?
- •Social Morality, Rules and Laws
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter II sources of law Unit 3 Sources of English Law
- •Sources of English Law
- •The Principal Sources
- •The Subsidiary Sources
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 4 Sources of Modern Law
- •Text a Historical and Political Background
- •Text b Common Law Systems
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text c Common Law and Equity
- •Historical Development
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text d Sources of American Law
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text e Continental Systems
- •For You to Remember
- •Sources of Civil Law
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter III constitutions Unit 5 The History of Constitution
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b Characteristics of Constitutions
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 6 British Constitution
- •The Nature of the Constitution
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 7 us Constitution
- •Founding of the United States
- •Vocabulary
- •13 States convention written constitution
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 8 The Constitution of the Russian Federation
- •The New Russian Constitution
- •Amendments to the Constitution
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter IV the system of government Unit 9 The British Government of Today
- •Text a The Governmental Model
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •1) Государственная власть
- •2) Управление, руководство
- •3) Форма правления, государственное устройство, политический строй
- •4) Правительство, правительственный аппарат
- •Text b The British Parliament
- •Vocabulary
- •Parliamentary Control
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •The System of Government
- •The House of Commons
- •Parliamentary Debates
- •Text c Law-making Process in the uk
- •Stages of a Government Bill
- •The House of Commons
- •The House of Lords
- •The Royal Assent
- •Bill And Law
- •How Bills Go through Parliament
- •Vocabulary
- •Making New Law
- •Types of Bills
- •Vocabulary task
- •Text d The Prime Minister and the Cabinet
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text e The Role of the Monarch in Britain
- •Vocabulary
- •The Richest Woman in the World
- •Vocabulary task
- •Unit 10 The American Government of Today
- •System of Government in the United States
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 11 The System of Checks and Balances
- •Vocabulary
- •Checks and balances
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Checks and Balances
- •Unit 12 Law-making Process in the usa
- •Text a The Concept of Bicameral Legislature
- •How Congress Makes Laws
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text b The Political System of the usa
- •The Political System
- •The Constitution
- •Federalism
- •State and Local Government
- •Three Branches of Government
- •Two-Party System
- •Unit 13 The State System of Russia. The Parliament of the Russian Federation
- •Text a The State System of Russia
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text b The Parliament of the Russian Federation
- •Vocabulary
- •Article 97
- •Article 98
- •Article 99
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter V law enforcement Unit 14 Law Enforcement Bodies
- •Text a Role of Government
- •Text b Role of Police Force
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 15 Enforcing the Law in Britain
- •Text a The English Legal System
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b The British Police
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Identify showing murder investigation found dead
- •Unit 16 Law Enforcement in the usa
- •Text a Protecting the Rights of the Accused
- •Text b Police Technology in the usa
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Federal Bureau of Investigation
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Unit 17 Law Enforcement in the Russian Federation
- •Text a Law Enforcement of Today
- •Vocabulary
- •Text b Application of Law Enforcement
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Chapter VI the courts Unit 18 The Court System of the uk
- •Text a Judicial Institutions
- •Text b Classification of the English Courts
- •Text c The Hierarchy of the Courts
- •Restrictions
- •Vocabulary
- •It is useful to know
- •For you to know
- •5) Cause – судебный процесс, судебное дело, тяжба
- •6) Controversy – гражданский судебный процесс, правовой спор,
- •7) Process – судебный процесс, процедура, порядок, производство дел, судопроизводство, процессуальные нормы
- •8) Proceeding(s) – судебный процесс, рассмотрение дела в суде, судебное разбирательство, судебная процедура, производство по делу, судопроизводство
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text d Courts of England and Wales
- •Judicial organization
- •Unit 19 The u.S. Court System
- •Text a Understanding the u.S. Court System
- •State Courts
- •A Typical State Judicial System
- •Federal Courts
- •Text b Jurisdictions of the Federal and State Court Systems
- •The Federal Judicial System
- •9 Justices
- •12 Circuits
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text c The Miranda Warning
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 20 The Court System of the Russian Federation
- •The Court Structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text b Jurisdiction of Courts
- •The Constitutional Court
- •Jurisdiction of the Courts of General Jurisdiction
- •The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Text c The Courts of the Subjects of the Russian Federation
- •Text d The Arbitrazh Court of the Russian Federation.
- •Jurisdiction of the Federal Arbitrazh Circuit Court as the Court of the First Instance
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary tasks
- •Opening remarks at Meeting with the Judges of the Russian Court
- •Contents
- •Legal English - 1
Jurisdiction of the Federal Arbitrazh Circuit Court as the Court of the First Instance
The Federal Arbitrazh Circuit Court is the first instance court for the following cases:
• Cases on disputing normative legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation and federal executive bodies, concerning rights and legitimate interests of an applicant in the area of business and other economic activities.
• Cases on disputing non-normative legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Federation Council and the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, and of the Government of the Russian Federation, which do not comply with the laws and concern rights and legitimate interests of an applicant in the area of business and other economic activities.
• Economic disputes between the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation, and between the subjects of the Russian Federation.
The Arbitrazh Court of the Subject of the Russian Federation
The Arbitrazh courts of the initial level, unlike courts of general jurisdiction, are not district courts but courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation. According to the general rule, these courts are deemed to be courts of the first instance in consideration of economic disputes.
The Arbitrazh court of the Subject of the Russian Federation is a state court specializing in commercial cases and extends its jurisdiction to any cases on commercial disputes and to other cases, concerning the exercise of business and other commercial activities, where both parties are business entities or individuals, engaged in business activities without forming a legal entity and having the status of an individual entrepreneur obtained in the procedure established by laws. In this particular case it does not matter what kind of legal relations serve as the basis for dispute arisen: civil, administrative or other relations. Cases between the Russian Federation, the subjects of the Russian Federation are subject to the jurisdiction of the Arbitrazh court as well. The Arbitrazh courts do not consider disputes that pertain to the criminal sphere of legislation.
How cases are tried in courts
In all courts cases are tried in public. The participants in the trial (the prosecutor, the lawyers, the plaintiff, the judge, the defendant and the others) speak in the open court. The accused is guaranteed the right to defend. The press has the right to be present.
During the hearing of a case any citizen may enter the courtroom and be present during the trial from the beginning to the end. The hearing of cases in closed session is allowed only in exceptional cases. Closed sessions are only allowed if it is in the interests of both sides or for the necessity to keep state secrets. Trial without participation of both sides is not allowed. The judges are independent and they must obey the law.
Vocabulary
accused n 1 обвиняемый (в преступлении); 2 подсудимый
assessor n заседатель
claimant n истец; сторона, заявляющая требование
closed session n закрытое заседание
deem v полагать, считать
defendant n 1 ответчик; 2 обвиняемый; 3 подсудимый
discretion n усмотрение
initial level n начальный уровень
legitimate interest n законный интерес
obey the law v подчиняться закону
participant n участник
plaintiff n истец
prosecutor n обвинитель
summarize v суммировать; резюмировать
try v 1 судить; 2 рассматривать (дело)
with regard to касательно; в отношении
Reading tasks
A Answer these questions.
1 What courts of the subjects of the RF can you name?
2 What are their functions?
3 What cases are considered by the courts of the criminal jurisdiction?
4 What cases are considered by the Municipal Courts?
5 What court hears appeals from the Municipal Court?
6 How can you characterize the jurisdiction of the Specialized Military Courts?
7 What are the particularities in the jurisdiction of the Specialized Military Courts?
8 Where can the decisions of the Military Judge be appealed?
9 What are the elements of the Arbitrazh Court System of the Russian Federation?
10 What are the Arbitrazh courts competent to do?
11 What cases do the Arbitrazh courts of the subjects of the RF specialize in?
12 How are cases tried in courts?
13 Who are the participants in the trial?
14 When are closed sessions allowed?
Comprehension check
B Say if it is true (T) or false (F).
1 The territory of the Russian Federation is divided into 70 circuits.
2 The municipal courts are courts of the first instance.
3 The Municipal Judge cannot hear the case alone.
4 The decision of the Municipal Judge can be appealed to the court of the subject of the RF.
5 The Specialized Military Courts jurisdiction is different from the jurisdiction of the Municipal courts.
6 The Arbitrazh courts settle economic disputes.
7 The Arbitrazh courts do not consider disputes that pertain to the criminal sphere of legislation.
8 In all courts cases are tried in closed session.
9 Judges are dependent and subordinated to the President.
Language focus
There is one mistake in each of the following sentences. Find and correct it.
One of the reasons that arbitration is frequently preferable to litigation is that the dispute can be submit to an expert for decision. Architects can be used decide disputes about construction.
This use of experts are especially important in labor-management relations. Arbitration is the technique use in collective-bargaining contracts to settle grievances of employees against their employers. Arbitration is able to resolved disputes arising out of labour contracts without resorting to judicial intervention. It is quick and efficient and minimize disruption in the workplace. Labour arbitration has attract a large number of experts – both lawyers and academicians.
Arbitration provide for decision making by experts with experience in the particular industry and with knowledge of the customs and practices of the particular work site.