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ID: 3658

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail] CH AP T ER 1 6 : AIR W O R T

Fig 16.13 Insurance Certificate

INSURANCE DOCUMENTATION.

The pilot must confirm that the aircraft he or she is about to fly has valid insurance cover. Although a Certificate of Insurance is not part of the Certificate of Airworthiness, European law requires aircraft insurance. Figure 16.13 is an example of the sort of document to look out for if you are searching for your aircraft’s Certificate of

Insurance.

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

CH AP T ER 1 6 : AIR W O R T H INESS Q U EST IO NS

R e p r e s e n t a t i v e P P L - t y p e q u e s t i o n s t k n o w l e d g e o f Ai r w o r t h i n e s s .

1.A Flight Manual Supplement issued by the CAA deals with additional limitations:

a.it will contain only limitations not dealt with in the manual published by the aircraft manufacturer

b.the limitations apply only to in-flight tests carried out for the purpose of amending the Certificate of Airworthiness flight test

c.the limitations are to be complied with, even where they conflict with those published in the aircraft manufacturer’s manual

d.it can be disregarded as long as the limitations in the original aircraft manufacturer’s manual continue to be complied with

2.Aircraft maintenance carried out by a private pilot in accordance with the pilot’s legal entitlement:

a.is to be entered in the aircraft’s log book and certified by a licensed engineer

b.need not be logged or recorded

c.is to be entered in the aircraft’s log book and certified by a CAA approved inspector

d.is to be entered in the aircraft’s log book and certified by the pilot who carried out the maintenance

3.The consequence for the validity of an aircraft’s Certificate of Airworthiness

(C of A) if the aircraft is not maintained in accordance with the approved maintenance schedule detailed in the C of A will be that:

a.the aircraft owner must apply to the CAA for an exemption from the required maintenance schedule

b.the C of A will be rendered invalid until such time as the required maintenance is completed

c.the C of A must be renewed before the aircraft may fly

d.the validity of the C of A will not be affected

4.The second part of a duplicate inspection, required by Chapter A6-2 of BCARs, on an aircraft’s control system which has had a minor adjustment away from its home airfield, may be:

a.delayed until the aircraft returns to its home airfield

b.carried out by a type-licensed engineer only

c.carried out by a pilot type-licensed for the aircraft concerned

d.postponed until the next convenient opportunity

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ID: 3658

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

CH AP T ER : 1 6 AIR W O R T H INESS Q

5.An aircraft’s Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A):

a.is valid for the period specified in the C of A

b.expires only when the aircraft is removed from the British register

c.is valid indefinitely, provided that the aeroplane is maintained in accordance with the requirements specified in the C of A

d.is valid for 6 months

Question 1 2 3 4 5

Answer

T h e a n s w e r s t o t h e s e q u e s t i o n s c a n b e f o u n d a t

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

CH AP T ER 1 6 : AIR W O R T H INESS Q U EST IO NS

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ID: 3658

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

AIR CR AF T ( G ENER AL) SY LLA

JAR-FCL PPL THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE SYLLABUS.

AIRCRAFT (GENERAL).

The table below contains the principal topics and subtopics from the current outline syllabus for the theoretical examination in Aircraft (General) for the Private Pilot’s Licence, as published in JAR-FCL 1. In this book, the subject of Aircraft (General) is covered in the section on Aeroplanes. Syllabuses may be modified, so always check the latest examination documentation from your national civil aviation authority,

or from JAR-FCL/EASA.

In the United Kingdom, Aircraft General is examined in the same paper as Principles of Flight.

AIRCRAFT (GENERAL)

AIRFRAME

		components; fuselage, wings, tailplane, fin; primary flying controls; trim and
	Airframe structure:	flap/slat systems; landing gear (nose wheel, including steering; tyres, condition;
		braking systems and precautions in use; retraction systems).
	Airframe loads:	structural	strength;	safety	factor;	control locks and	use;	ground/flight
		precautions.
			POWERPLANT
	Engines – general:	principles	of the four	stroke	internal	combustion engine;	basic	construction;
		causes of pre-ignition and detonation; power output as a function of RPM.
	Engine cooling:	air cooling; cowling design and cylinder baffles; design and use of cowl flaps; cylinder
		head temperature gauge.
	Engine lubrication:	function and methods of lubrication; lubrication systems; methods of oil circulation; oil
		pump and filter requirements; qualities and grades of oil; oil temperature and pressure
		control; oil cooling methods; recognition of oil system malfunctions.
	Ignition systems:	principles of magneto ignition; construction and function; purpose and principle of
		impulse coupling; serviceability checks, recognition of malfunctions; operational
		procedures to avoid spark plug fouling.
		principles of float type carburettor; construction and function; methods to maintain
		correct mixture ratio; operation of metering jets and accelerator pump; effect of
	Carburation:	altitude; manual mixture control (maintenance of correct mixture ratio; limitation
		on use at high power; avoidance of detonation); idle cut-off valve; operation
		and use of primary controls; air induction system; alternate induction systems;
		carburettor icing, use of hot air; injection systems, principles and operation.
	Aero engine fuel:	classification of fuels (grades and identification by colour; quality requirements);
		inspection for contamination; use of fuel strainers and drains.
	Fuel systems:	fuel tanks and supply lines; venting system; mechanical and electrical pumps; gravity
		feed; tank selection; system management.
		propeller nomenclature; conversion of engine power to thrust; design and construction
	Propellers:	of fixed pitch propeller; forces acting on propeller blade; variation of RPM with change
		of airspeed; thrust efficiency with change of speed; design and construction of
		variable pitch propeller; constant speed unit operation; effect of blade pitch changes;
		windmilling effect.

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

AIR CR AF T ( G ENER AL) SY LLABU S

		starting procedures and precautions; recognition of malfunctions; warming up,
	Engine handling:	power and system checks; oil temperature and pressure limitations; cylinder head
		temperature limitations; ignition and other system checks; power limitations; avoidance
		of rapid power changes; use of mixture control.
			SYSTEMS
		installation and operation of alternators/generators; direct current supply; batteries,
	Electrical system:	capacity and charging; voltmeters and ammeters; circuit breakers and fuses;
		electrically operated services and instruments; recognition of malfunctions; procedure
		in the event of malfunctions.
	Vacuum system:	components; pumps; regulator and gauge; filter system; recognition of malfunction;
		procedures in the event of malfunctions.
			INSTRUMENTS
	Pitot/static system:	pitot tube, function; pitot tube, principles and construction; static source; alternate
		static source; position error; system drains; heating element; errors caused by
		blockage or leakage.
	Airspeed indicator:	principles of operation and construction; relationship between pitot and static
		pressure; definitions of indicated, calibrated and true airspeed; instrument errors;
		airspeed indications, colour coding; pilot’s serviceability checks.
		principles of operation and construction; function of the sub-scale; effects of
	Altimeter:	atmospheric	density;	pressure altitude;	true altitude;	international	standard
		atmosphere; flight level; presentation (three needle); instrument errors; pilot’s service
		ability checks.
	Vertical speed	principles of operation and construction; function; inherent lag; instantaneous VSI;
	indicator:	presentation; pilot’s serviceability checks.
	Gyroscopes:	principles; rigidity; precession.
	Turn indicator:	rate gyro; purpose and function; effect of speed; presentation; turn co-ordinator; limited
		rate of turn indications; power source; balance indicator (principle; presentation);
		pilot’s serviceability checks.
	Attitude indicator:	earth gyro; purpose and function; presentations; interpretation; operating limitations;
		power source; pilot’s serviceability checks.
	Heading indicator:	directional gyro; purpose and function; presentation; use with magnetic compass;
		setting mechanism; apparent drift; operating limitations; power source; pilot’s
		serviceability checks.
		construction and function; earth’s magnetic field; variation and deviation; turning,
	Magnetic compass:	acceleration errors; precautions when carrying magnetic items; pilot’s service ability
		checks.
	Engine instruments:	principles, presentation and operational use of: oil temperature gauge; oil pressure
		gauge; cylinder head temperature gauge; exhaust gas meter; manifold pressure
		gauge; fuel pressure gauge; fuel flow gauge; fuel quantity gauge(s); tachometer.
	Other instruments:	principles, presentation		and operational use of: vacuum		gauge; voltmeter and
		ammeter; warning indicators; others relevant to aeroplane type.
			AIRWORTHINESS
		certificate to be in force; compliance with requirements (periodic maintenance
	Airworthiness:	inspections;	compliance with flight manual		or equivalent,	instructions,	limitations,
		placards); flight manual supplements; provision and maintenance of documents
		(aeroplane, engine and propeller log books; recording of defects); permitted
		maintenance by pilots.

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail] Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

Mass and Balance

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

T ABLE O F CO NT ENT

MASS AND BALANCE
CHAPTER 1: MASS & BALANCE	269
CHAPTER 2: CENTRE OF GRAVITY CALCULATIONS	283
MASS & BALANCE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS	313
ANSWERS TO AIRCRAFT GENERAL QUESTIONS	315
ANSWERS TO MASS & BALANCE QUESTIONS	319
AIRCRAFT GENERAL INDEX	321
MASS & BALANCE INDEX	329

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: [e-mail]

T ABLE O F CO NT ENT S

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