Запомните:

The Future Simple (Indefinite) не употребляется после союзов till, until, before, after, as soon as, as long as, unless, on condition that, in case, provided, а также в придаточных предложениях времени и условия после союза if и when.

Примеры:

When he comes I shall call you.

If he comes I shall call you.

Exercise 73.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя правильную форму глагола:

1. Before you _______________ (cross) the park, you (come) to a supermarket.

2. If you _______________ (translate) this article into Russian, I (use) it in my report.

3. If she _______________ (be) in Moscow now, she (meet) you at the railway station.

4. If it _______________ (rain), we (go) to the country.

5. The child (not be) healthy if you _______________ (not give) him much fruit.

6. If you _______________ (not hurry), you (miss) the train.

7. When he _______________ (return) to St. Petersburg, he _______________ (call) on us.

8. We _______________ (gather) at our place when my brother _______________ (come) back from Africa.

9. After I _______________ (finish) school, I _______________ (enter) the university.

10. As soon as I _______________ (return) from school, I _______________ (ring) you up.

11. I _______________ (stay) at home till she _______________ (come).

12. What you _______________ (do) when you _______________ (come) home?

13. If it _______________ (be) very cold tonight, our car _______________ (not start) in the morning.

14. When they _______________ (cross) the road, they _______________ (see) the hotel.

The Future Continuous (Progressive) Tense

Will/shall + be + V+ing

Won’t + be + V+ing

Shan’t + be + V+ing

Exercise 74.

Поставьте глаголы в скобках в the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite и в the Future Continuous.

1. When I _______________ (get) home, my dog _______________ (sit) at the door waiting for me.

2. It _______________ (be) the middle of June. They _______________ (come) soon.

3. If you _______________ (want) to see us, come to Tom’s on Sunday. We _______________ (wait) for you there at midday.

4. At this time next week they _______________ (sit) in the train on their way to Moscow.

5. They _______________ (have) English from nine to ten in this room

6. I _______________ (wait) for you when you _______________ (come). Don’t let anyone disturb them then.

7. “I _______________ (call) for her at eight.” – “No, don’t; she still _______________ (have) breakfast then.”

8. It’s beginning to get dark; the street lights _______________ (go) on in a few minutes.

Exercise 75.

Раскройте скобки. Используйте the Future Indefinite если действие постоянно, повторяется или это разовое действие. Используйте Future Continuous чтобы показать что действие временное, имеет место в данный момент в будущем.

1. You _______________ (know) her. She _______________ (stand) at the news stand. She _______________ (wear) a scarlet rain coat.

2. I _______________ (tell) her everything and I _______________ (show) her the papers. I promise you she _______________ (not/smile) this time.

3. There _______________ (not/be) anyone in when we _______________ (come). The secretary _______________ (have) lunch.

4. It _______________ (rain) when we _______________ (get) there.

5. Go straight up the street. The car _______________ (wait) for you at the entrance to the department store.

6. We are much too early. There _______________ (be) no one there.

7. Of course, I _______________ (be) still here when you _______________ (return). I _______________ (mark) the papers.

8. Come and speak to me about it in your lunch hour. I _______________ (type) your stuff.

9. I don’t think she _______________ (be) there at that time. She _______________ (sketch) somewhere along the coast.

10. No one _______________ (see) us come. They _______________ (have) tea on the terrace.

11. At this time she _______________ (do) her shopping.

12. When you _______________ (come) to Athens I _______________ (cross) the border.

UNIT 5

Topic “Famous People”

Lessons 34-39

Прочтите текст:

Text “Alfred Nobel – a Man of Contrasts”

Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist was a man of many contrasts. He was a scientist with a love of literature, and industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life he often felt he was useless. “Alfred Nobel,” he once wrote of himself, “ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life.” World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. “I do not see,” he once said, “that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it.” But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.

He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parent in 1842, where his father made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of explosives in his father’s laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skilful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.

But Nobel’s main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth he had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps because he could not find ordinary human love he never married – he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor. “I’d rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials,” he once said. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals.

(From “Reading for Adults”, by R. Lewis, MC Vincent, S Weir)

Напишите:

1. How Alfred Nobel distinguished himself throughout his lifetime

________________________________________________________________

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2. What the Nobel Prizes are given for

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Прочтите текст:

Text “Leonardo da Vinci”

(1452-1519)

Leonardo was the greatest artist in the world. He was also an astronomer, an architect, and an engineer who made hundreds of inventions. He loved to make wonderful machines. His imagination made him impatient, and it was hard for him to finish anything.

Leonardo would buy lovely birds at the bird market. Taking them to his tower, he set them free. Leonardo studied their flight carefully. I, too, will fly, he thought.

So he made a machine with wings and ropes and pedals, and Marco, his youngest pupil, tested it. The machine trembled and shook like a bowl of pudding, but it did not fly. Leonardo made many such machines.

Next, Leonardo made the giant figure of a man on horseback. It was to be the largest statue in the world ,but it was never cast in bronze. Some said the metal was sent off to make a cannon. Some said that Leonardo did not know how to finish the statue.

Leonardo made drawings of the bones, muscles, and organs of human beings and animals. He also explored the life of plants, flowers, and trees. His 5000 pages of notebooks are a jumble of notes and drawings. He drew stars, flowers, geometrical forms, and a horse’s head side by side.

Leonardo studied the heavens and made notes on the wonders of the landscape of the skies.

In 1492 most people believed that the earth was the center of the Universe, steadfast and immovable, with the sun and stars revolving around it.

Leonardo’s studies told him something else. In his notebooks he wrote left-handed and backwards. Why? Perhaps it was to keep people from reading what they could not understand. In one notebook is the sentence:

EVOM TON SEOD NUS EHT (THE SUN DOES NOT MOVE)

At last Leonardo began to paint. He made a design so extraordinary that all Florence came to marvel. Alas! The wall was as porous as a sponge! As the paint sank in, the wonderful picture disappeared before their eyes. So he painted the Mona Lisa instead.

Найдите русские эквиваленты:

1. Astronomer	1) Бронза
2. Backwards	2) Исследовать, изучать
3. Bone	3) Орган
4. Bronze	4) Куча, кипа
5. Cannon	5) Огромный
6. Carefully	6) Освобождать
7. Cast	7) Астроном
8. Explore	8) Кость
9. Figure	9) Воображение, фантазия
10. Flight	10) Чудо
11. Geometrical	11) Пушка, орудие
12. Giant	12) Трястись
13. Horseback	13) Устойчивый
14. Human being	14) В обратном направлении
15. Imagination	15) Мышца, мускул
16. Immovable	16) Неподвижный
17. Impatient	17) Человек
18. Invention	18) Крыло
19. Jumble	19) Педаль
20. Landscape	20) Заботливо, внимательно
21. Machine	21) Верхом на лошади
22. Muscle	22) Вращаться
23. Organ	23) Вселенная, мир
24. Pedal	24) Изобретение
25. Revolve	25) Отливать
26. Rope	26) Геометрический
27. Set free	27) Качаться
28. Shake	28) Полёт
29. Steadfast	29) Пейзаж, ландшафт
30. Tremble	30) Верёвка, трос
31. Universe	31) Фигура
32. Wing	32) Машина, механизм
33. Wonder	33) Нетерпеливый

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33

The Present Perfect Tense

To have + Participle II (V + ed, V3)

have has (she, he, it)

ever, never, just, already, yet, recently;

this morning, this evening, today, this week, this month;

for, since;

Exercise 76.

Употребите глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect:

1. I don’t know this man. I never _______________ (meet) him before.

2. “Where is Nick?” – “He just _______________ (go) out.”

3. “Don’t you know what the story is about?” – “No, I _______________ (not/read) it.”

4. Don’t worry about the letter. I already _______________ (post) it.

5. “Is he a good boy?” – “Oh, yes, he _______________ (help) me a lot.”

6. I know London perfectly well. I _______________ (be) there several times.

7. I can’t find my bag. I think, somebody _______________ (take) it by mistake.

8. “Do you speak Greek?” – “No, I never _______________ (study) it.”

9. “Do you know where he lives?” – “No, he recently _______________ (move) to a new flat. I _______________ (not/be) there yet.”

Exercise 77.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Perfect:

1. What’s the matter? Why he _______________ (to stop)?

2. My cousin _______________ (to look) for a job, but he _______________ (not to find) a job yet.

3. It _______________ (to be) impossible for her to feel at home here.

4. What you _______________ (to study) now?

5. They______just ____________________ (to give) you a pay rise?

6. Sophie is busy. She __________ (to knit) a sweater for her grandson.

7. You only _______________ (to have) a piece of cake? You _______________ (not to eat) much.

8. People _______________ (to plant) carrots and tomatoes now.

9. you _______________ (to go) to plant tomatoes this year?

10. Johnny, who finally _______________ (to find) a new job, _______________ (to give) a big party.

11. How long you _______________ (to be) sick?

12. you _______________ (to see) any good movies recently?

Exercise 78.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple:

1. Helen speaks French so well because she _______________ (to live) in France.

2. She _______________ (to live) there last year.

3. The rain _______________ (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again.

4. The rain _______________ (to stop) half an hour ago.

5. Mary _______________ (to buy) a new hat.

6. I _______________ (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday.

7. The wind _______________ (to blow) off the man’s hat, and he cannot catch it.

8. The weather _______________ (to change), and we can go for a walk.

9. The wind _______________ (to change) in the morning.

10. We _______________ (to travel) around Europe last year.

11. My father knows so much because he _______________ (to travel) a lot.

12. I _______________ (to see) Pete today.

13. She _______________ (to see) this film last Sunday.

14. Alex _______________ (to meet) his friend two hours ago.

15. I just _______________ (to meet) our teacher.

The Past Perfect Tense

Had + Participle II (V + ed, V3)

(I’d / I Hadn’t)

when I call him

He had finished his work

by 5 o’clock yesterday

Exercise 79.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в форме Past Perfect:

Пример:

Why didn’t you listen to that play? (hear)

I didn’t listen to that play, because I had heard it before.

1. Why didn’t Kate want to go to the cinema? (see the film)

_____________________________________________________________

2. Why did you come home so soon? (spend all money)

_____________________________________________________________

3. What did you learn about Bob? (marry)

_____________________________________________________________

4. What did you learn about the expedition? (return)

_____________________________________________________________

5. Why couldn’t you get into your flat at once? (lose the key)

_____________________________________________________________

6. What did she learn about Helen from the letter? (be ice for a month)

_____________________________________________________________

Exercise 80.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect:

1. Tom _______________ (to return) from the cinema at five o'clock.

2. Tom _______________ (to return) from the cinema by five o'clock.

3. I _______________ (to finish) my homework at seven o'clock.

4. I _____ _____ _____ (to finish) my homework by seven o'clock.

5. He _______________ (to think) that he (to lose) the money.

6. Ann (to tell) me that she _______________ (to see) an interesting film.

7. When I _______________ (to come) home, mother already _______________ (to cook) dinner.

8. When father _______________ (to return) from work, we already _______________ (to do) our homework.

9. When the teacher _______________ (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already _______________ (to open) their books.

10. Kate _______________ (to give) me the book which she _______________ (to buy) the day before.

11. Nick _______________ (to show) the teacher the picture which he _______________ (to draw).

12. The boy _______________ (to give) the goats the grass which he _______________ (to bring) from the field.

Exercise 81.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple, Past Continuous u Past Perfect:

1. By eight o'clock yesterday I _______________ (to do) my home­work and at eight I _______________ (to play) the piano.

2. By six o'clock father _______________ (to come) home and at six he _______________ (to have) dinner.

3. By nine o'clock yesterday grandmother _______________ (to wash) the dishes and at nine she _______________ (to watch) TV.

4. When I _______________ (to meet) Tom, he _______________ (to eat) an ice cream which he _______________ (to buy) at the corner of the street.

5. When father _______________ (to come) home, we _______________ (to cook) the mushrooms which we _______________ (to gather) in the wood.

6. When I _______________ (to see) Ann, she _______________ (to sort) the flowers which she _______________ (to pick) in the field.

7. When I _______________ (to come) home yesterday, I _______________ (to see) that my little brother _______________ (to break) my pen and _______________ (to play) with its pieces.

8. When I _______________ (to open) the door of the classroom, I _______________ (to see) that the teacher already _______________ (to come) and the pupils (to write) a dictation.

9. When I _______________ (to come) home, my sister _______________ (to read) a book which she _______________ (to bring) from the library.

The Future Perfect Tense

Shall / will + have + Participle II

when I call him

He will have finished his work

by 5 o’clock tomorrow

Exercise 82.

Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме Future Perfect:

1. We _______________ (finish) all the house work by 6 o'clock this afternoon.

2. I _______________ (read) this book by tomorrow evening.

3. Thousands of people _______________ (see) this exhibition by the end of the month.

4. They _______________ (build) this house long before the end of October.

5. They _______________ (do) half of the journey when they reach the Volga.

6. I _______________ (write) my composition by the time you come back.

7. I am sure they _______________ (complete) the new road by June.

8. He says that before he leaves he _______________ (see) every show in town.

9. By the time you arrive, 1 _______________ (finish) reading your book.

10. I _______________ (be) in this country two years on next January.

11. A year from now he _______________ (take) his medical examinations and _______________ (begin) to practice.

12. If you don't make a note of that appointment, you _______________ (forget) it by next week.

Exercise 83.

Образуйте отрицательную форму, задайте общий, Who и Why вопрос к следующим предложениям:

1. Ann will have done every thing by 5 o’clock.

_____________________________________________________________

2. They will have graduated the university by next June.

_____________________________________________________________

3. He will have returned home when you call him.

_____________________________________________________________

4. The Claptons will have moved to a new flat by January,

_____________________________________________________________

Exercise 84.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из будущих времен: Future Simple, Future Continu­ous или Future Perfect:

1. I _______________ (to do) my homework tomorrow.

2. I _______________ (to do) my homework at six o'clock tomorrow.

3. I _______________ (to do) my homework by six o'clock tomorrow.

4. Tomorrow I _______________ (to begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from school. I _______________ (to do) my homework from three till six. My father _______________ (to come) home at seven o'clock tomorrow. I _______________ (to do) all my homework by the time he comes, and we _______________ (to go) for a walk together.

5. When I come home tomorrow, my family _____ _____ _____ (to have) supper.

6. When you come to my place tomorrow, I _______________ (to read) your book. I _______________ (to do) my homework by the time you come.

7. Don't come to my place tomorrow. I _______________ (to write) a composition the whole evening.

8. I _______________ (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I _______________ (to watch) TV the whole evening.

9. What you _______________ (to do) tomorrow?

10. What you _______________ (to do) at eight o'clock tomorrow?

11. You _______________ (to play) volleyball tomorrow?

12. You _______________ (to do) this work by next Sunday?

13. When you _______________ (to go) to see your friend next time?

14. How many pages you _______________ (to read) by five o'clock tomorrow?

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