1. Analyze the meaning of the verb “to have”

1.King Lear had three daughters. 2. Have a look at the picture. It is marvelous. 3. I have to answer many letters. 4. He has just come from abroad. 5. You will have to leave at six to catch the train. 6. Is that all you have to say to me? 7. Has anybody seen her today? 8. They haven’t arrived yet. 9. There are two kinds of speeches: there is the speech, which a man makes, when he has something to say, and the speech, when he has to say something.

4. Read the text and answer the question.

Dear George,

I have received your letter of April 30. I am happy that you have turned to me with your request, and that I can be of help to you. Of course, I haven’t changed my mind and wish to assure you that the material is always at your disposal whenever you need it. All I ask you to do is to write me in detail what particular information you are interested in.

At the present time I do not experience any need in your help, but what I would like to have, indeed, is your advice.

In a week or so I shall prepare a number of questions for your consideration and will kindly ask you to give your full attention to each item.

I trust I will hear from you soon.

With best regards,

Yours sincerely,

Andrew

What does Andrew wish to receive?

Unit VI.

Grammar study: Participle I and Participle II

I. Read and translate.

The elected government, decision-making process, all over the world, no longer, country ruled by Britain, the British ruling classes, not to lose influence as well as

II. Read and translate the text.

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as it’s the Head of State. The monarch reigns with the agreement of Parliament. The powers of the monarch are not defined precisely. Everything is done in the Queen’s name. It is “Her Majesty’s” government, “Her Majesty’s” armed forces, “Her Majesty’s law courts and so on. She officially appoints all the Ministers, including the Prime Minister. Everything is done, however, on the advice of the elected Government, and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making process.

Once the British empire included a large number of countries all over the world ruled by Britain. Now there is no longer an empire. But the British ruling classes tried not to lose influence over the former colonies. An association of former members of the British Empire and Britain was founded in 1949. It is called the Commonwealth. It includes many countries such as Ireland, Burma, the Sudan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The Queen of Great Britain is also the Head of the Commonwealth, and so the Queen of Canada, Australia, new Zealand. The Queen is very rich, as are other members of the Royal Family. In addition the government pays for her expenses as Head of State, for a royal yacht, train and aircraft, as well as for the upkeep of several palaces. The Queen’s image appears on stamps, notes and coins.

Since the ninth century there has been only one short interruption in the history of the monarchy. In 1642, a Civil War began in England, and in 1649 King Charles I was defeated by a parliamentary army led by Oliver Cromwell and he was executed. In 1660 the son of the executed Charles I, Charles II, was restored to the throne and Britain has remained a monarchy ever since.