The sequence of tenses.

Indirect statements

Illustrative situation 1

I have a pen-friend in England. Her name is Helen Brown. I received three letters from her. In her first letter she wrote about herself. She wrote that she lived in London. She wrote that she studied at the college. She also wrote that she played the piano and tennis. She ended her letter by saying that she had a lot of friends and she also wanted to have a pen-friend in Ukraine.

What did you write in your first letter about your­self?

Illustrative situation 2

In her second letter Helen told me how she had spent her winter holidays. She wrote that she had gone to visit her friend in Glasgow. She wrote that her friend and he had gone to the museums of Glasgow. She also wrote that she had read many interesting books and had seen many films during her winter holidays. She added that she had helped her mother about the house.

What did you write to Helen about your winter holidays?

Illustrative situation 3

A week ago I received a third letter from Helen. In it she wrote about her plans for the summer holidays.

She wrote that she would go to the seaside in sum­mer. She hoped that the weather would be fine at that time and she would swim in the sea and lie in the sun. She also wrote that she would play tennis with her friends. She ended her letter by writing that she would be very glad to see me in England.

What did you write in your letter to Helen about your plans for summer holidays?

ЗАПАМ'ЯТАЙ!

Якщо в головному реченні вживається дієслово в ми­нулому часі, у підрядному додатковому реченні треба поставити дієслово також у минулому часі.

Тут можливі три випадки:

1. Якщо дія, позначена дієсловом підрядного речен­ня, відбувається одночасно з дією головного речення, у підрядному реченні вживається дієслово в Past Indefinite або в Past Continuous Tense.

2. Якщо дія, позначена дієсловом підрядного речення, відбулася раніше дії головного речення, у підрядному реченні вживається дієслово в Past Perfect Tense.

3. Якщо дія, позначена дієсловом підрядного речен­ня, є майбутньою стосовно дії, вираженої дієсловом головного речення, у підрядному реченні вживається дієслово в Future-in-the-Past.

S1 +	said knew was sure	(that) S2	+ V2 … . + had V3 ... .
			+	should would	V0 ... .

Helen said that she liked to go to the cinema.

Jane said that she had seen this film, too.

John said that he would buy flowers for his mother.

При перетворенні прямої мови в непряму відбуваються такі лексичні зміни:

Пряма мова	Непряма мова
here now today last night yesterday two days ago this these	there then that day the night before the day before/the previous day two days before/two days earlier that those