I. Complete the statements:

1. Biotechnology is

a) manipulation of physical processes

b) manipulation of chemical reactions

c) manipulation of biological organisms

d) manipulation of people

2. Biotechnology contributes to such diverse areas as

a) building

b) medicine

c) architecture

d) food production

3. Modern achievements include

a) transferal of atoms

b) transferal of gene

c) transferal of charged particles

d) transferal of substances

4. Clones are

a) atoms

b) molecules

c) cell cultures

d) charged particles

5. Monoclonal antibodies are

a) food products c) cell cultures

b) waste d) medicine products

6. Factor 8 is

a) product of chemistry

b) product of heavy industry

c) product of biotechnology

d) product of light industry

II. In your text you have read:

Tick (V) right statements, cross (X) wrong.

1. Biotechnology is the manipulation of biological organisms to make products that benefit human beings.

2. Modern achievements include the main tendency and growth of genetically uniform plant and animal cell cultures.

3. Monoclonal antibodies are designed to support a specific type of foreign substance.

4. Biotechnology is not used to create new biodegradable materials.

5. Biotechnologists have created a material that has the properties of plastics but is biodegradable.

6. The bacterium thiobacillus ferrooxidans cannot use the molecules of copper found in chalcopyrite to form the compound copper sulfate.

7. Procedures have also been developed for the use of bacteria in the mining of zinc, lead, and other metals.

8. Hemophiliacs are at risk of bleeding to death after suffering minor cuts.

9. Factor 8 was produced for use by hemophiliacs.

10. Factor 8 was approved for commercial production in 1972.

11. Critics are not concerned that some of the genetically altered forms will eliminate existing species.

III. Complete the statements:

1. Although biotechnology has existed since … , some of its most dramatic advances have come in more recent years.

a) last century

b) the 17^th century

c) ancient times

d) last decade

2. Modern achievements include the transferal of a specific gene from one organism to another by means of a set of … engineering techniques.

a) electric b) genetic c) chemical d) physical

3. One such material is made from … produced during the bacterial fermentation of discarded corn stalks.

a) units of life

b) electric current

c) molecular structure of minerals

d) the lactic acid

4. In its … state, copper is found combined with other elements in the mineral chalcopyrite.

a) physical and chemical

b) natural

c) chemical and energy

d) atomic and molecular

5. This microbiological mining process is used only with … .

a) stones

b) chemical substances

c) low-grade ores

d) living matter

6. The human gene that codes for the blood-clotting protein is transferred to … cells grown in tissue culture

a) pig

b) mouse

c) rat

d) hamster

7. Some people, including scientists, object to any procedure that changes the genetic … of an organism.

a) structure b) form c) organization d) composition