ICAO Annex 6 1
Flight Safety and Accident Prevention
The State of the Operator is required to establish a safety programme which sets an acceptable level of safety to be achieved by all certified operators. The Operator is required to establish a Safety Management System (SMS) throughout the operation. The required safety level is defined by the State. The programme must:
•Identify safety hazards.
•Ensure that remedial action is implemented to maintain the standard.
•Provide continuous monitoring and assessment of the level achieved.
•Make continuous improvement of the overall level of safety.
As part of the SMS, a flight safety document system is to be established by the Operator relating to the documents used by operations personnel. The system will specify the applicable documents, and the means by which amendment and changes are notified to those staff. As far as is practicable, the documents should be published to a standard format using standardized phraseology and language.
If the Operator uses aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass (MTOM) greater than 27 000 kg, a flight data analysis programme is required to be established, as part of the safety programme.
Maintenance Release
The Operator is required to determine that any aircraft used in Commercial Air Transport (CAT) is airworthy. The Commander (PIC) is required to check the necessary forms and documentation to confirm the airworthiness. One of the forms checked is the maintenance release. This certifies that the maintenance work performed has been completed satisfactorily and in accordance with approved data and the procedures described in the maintenance organization’s procedures manual. The certificate contains:
•Basic details of the maintenance carried out including detailed references to the approved data used.
•The date the maintenance was completed.
•The identity of the approved maintenance organization.
•The identity of the person signing the release.
Lighting of Aircraft
The Rules of the Air (010 Air Law) cover the instances where aircraft are required to show lights. These may be lights which indicate the course of the aircraft (navigation lights) and anticollision lights. Other lights (landing lights, ice detection lights, instrument panel lights and cabin lighting) are not subject to statutory use and not covered in this section.
ICAO Annex 6 1
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1 ICAO Annex 6
6 Annex ICAO 1
Navigation Lights
The navigation lights are positioned on the aeroplane to indicate to another air user the direction that the aeroplane is heading. They consist of port (left) red, starboard (right) green, and tail white lights. The port and starboard lights show horizontally through an angle of 110° either side of dead ahead, and the tail light shows through an angle of 70° either side of the plane of symmetry (140°) of the aeroplane (fore and aft axis).
LEFT |
RIGHT |
(PORT) |
(STARBOARD) |
SIDE |
SIDE |
|
140° |
|
TAIL LIGHT |
Figure 1.1 Aircraft horizontal navigation lighting
Vertically, the port and starboard lights show through 180°, the arc being in the direction of indication. The tail light is visible through 360°.
RIGHT |
LEFT |
(STARBOARD) |
(PORT) |
SIDE |
SIDE |
|
180° |
180°
Aircra is coming towards you
Figure 1.2 Aircraft vertical navigation lighting
Lighting Scheme
The majority of aeroplanes now flying, have navigation lights that show a steady light at all times. Older aircraft may have lights which alternate on/off together; others alternate on/off independently. Anti-collision lights may be of the rotating beacon type or the high intensity strobe discharge type (Flacon beacon).
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Questions 1
Questions
1.Which ICAO document concerns international Commercial Air Transport (CAT) for fixed wing aeroplanes?
a.Annex 8 part 3
b.Annex 8 part 1
c.Annex 6 part 1
d.Annex 6 part 3
2.What does SARPs stand for?
a.Suitable Aeroplane Reporting Points
b.Standards And Recommended Practices
c.Standard Aircraft Reporting Procedures
d.Survival And Rescue Procedures
3.Does a take-off alternate always need to be nominated?
a.Yes for commercial air transport
b.Yes for all flights
c.No, only if the weather at destination is below limits for landing.
d.No, only if the weather at the departure airport is below limits for landing.
4.For purposes of recording, when does flight time start?
a.Take-off
b.Taxi with the intention of take-off
c.Taxi from the parking stand
d.Push-back
5.What colour, and through what angle can the port wing-tip navigation light be seen?
a.Red-70°
b.Red-110°
c.Green-70°
d.Green-110°
6.Are SARPs legally binding?
a.Yes
b.Yes if a country is a signatory to the ICAO conventions
c.No but signatory states must agree to incorporate them into national regulations
d.No, only in EASA member states
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