Questions		8
Questions
1.	How should the accuracy of long range navigation systems be checked?
	a.	With 2 systems, a voting system is employed
	b.	With reference to a map and compass
	c.	A voting system if 3 systems are installed, by cross-checking with DME with
		only 2 systems
	d.	Ask ATC
2.	If an aircraft is unable to continue in accordance with the clearance what should
	they do?
	a.	Attempt to obtain a revised clearance from ATC, via radio relay if required
					8
	b.	Continue in accordance with the last acknowledged clearance until in sight of
	d.	land			Questions
		Land at the nearest suitable aerodrome
	c.	Follow the contrails of another aircraft
3.	An aircraft on the ground at latitude 51°50’S is parked on a heading of 180° with
	ground power applied and all flight instruments powered. After 2 hours, what will
	the DGI indicate?
	a.	156°
	b.	204°
	c.	168°
	d.	192°
4.	What is a minimum time route?
	a.	The shortest distance between 2 points
	b.	The great circle track between 2 points
	c.	The minimum time between 2 points taking into account wind and time zone
		changes
	d.	The minimum time between 2 points taking into account wind and ATC
		restrictions

115

8 Answers

Answers.

1	2	3	4
c	a	b	d

Answers 8

116

Chapter

9

Minimum Navigation Performance Specification Airspace

MNPSA

Introduction							119
Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. . .	. . .			.119
References							119
Transoceanic Navigation Problems							119
The Airspace							120
MNPS Authority							120
RVSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	122
Navigation System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	122
Navigation System Serviceability							122
NAT Tracks							123
OTS Track Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	123
OTS Changeover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	123
OTS Message (Track Message - TM) . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. . .	.	.	.	124
Track Message Identifier (TMI)							124
Track Routings							124
Allocation of FLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	125
Domestic Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	125

Polar Track Structure (PTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . . .130
Route Structures Adjacent to NAT MNPS Airspace . . . . . . . .		. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . . .131
Communications . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	132
HF . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	132
SELCAL								133
Position Reports								133
Initial Clearance								134
Transition . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	. .		.135
SSR . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	135
Meteorological Reports								135

Continued Overleaf

117

9		MNPSA
		Special Contingencies and Procedures										136
		Strategic Lateral Offset Procedure (SLOP)										136
		Deviation Around Severe Weather . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	. .		. . .			.136
		Unable to Obtain Revised Clearance										137
		Navigation System Failure . . . . . . . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	.	.	137
		Errors Associated with Oceanic Clearances . . . .	. .	. .	. .	. .	. .	.	.	.	.	138
		Pre-flight and In-flight Procedures										138
		Questions.										140
		Answers.										142

MNPSA 9

118