11 (G) Complete each sentence with a time word.

a) Have you ____________ been to Greece?

b) I have ___________ finished my work.

c) Can you wait a moment? I haven’t finished ________ .

d) He has ________________ been to the USA.

e) Keep silence! She has ________ started her speech.

f) Have you _____________ heard about it?

12 Past Perfect

We use past perfect.

• To show that something in the past happened before something else in the past.

e.g. The week before I wrote to the company, I had called them.

• Time markers in the past perfect simple are:

before; after; just; already; when; for; since;

1 Past Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и формы причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) смыслового глагола.

2 Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи частицы not

3 В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим

? (Had)	I You We They	had	- (not)	written. (?)
	He She It

12(a) Change the verbs in brackets into the past perfect.

a) By the age of two he (learn) _______________ to read and write.

b) Before his sixth birthday his father (teach) _____________ him to speak three foreign languages.

c) After he (pass) _____________ his school-leaving exams at the age of nine, he went to college.

d) At the age of twelve, he didn’t know what football was, because nobody (teach) ______________ him how to play it.

e) James couldn’t play basketball because he (not learn) _______________ to play as a child.

f) He (never kick) _______________________ a ball in his life before he played football with the eight-year-olds.

12(B) Write negative sentences

a) Paul had come home before Sara arrived.

b) Ann had got home before I phoned her.

c) She had had lunch before they came in the café.

d) We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken a vase.

e) Tom had phoned before I called him.

12(c) Match the beginnings with the ends.

	Beginnings		Ends
1	After he had tried on six pairs of shoes	a	Paul came in and offered to help
2	After Mary had done all the shopping	b	he started going through the cupboard downstairs
3	When I had washed and dried the last plate	c	she took a short walk round the park.
4	When Mark had looked through all the drawers in his room	d	he went to the café in the square for a cup of coffee.
5	When he had finished eating lunch	e	he decided he liked the first ones best