- •What are the fundamental concepts of management?
- •What are the most important processes/resources in an organization?
- •What is the role of a procedure?
- •What are the reasons for the existence of organizations and why are they so important to us?
- •What managerial styles do you find the most/the least efficient?
- •What are the major approaches to organizing a company?
- •What are the functions of major departments in a traditional company?
- •16. What does it mean to be efficient/well-organized?
- •17. How could one use swot approach to improve one’s image/profile and enhance one’s career development?
- •18. What are the most important techniques of managing one’s time effectively?
- •20. What are the most common types of problem people and how do experienced managers deal with them?
- •21. What types of relation can there exist between an employee and a manager? What is collective bargaining?
- •22. What perks do efficient employees receive? What other kinds of motivation can you mention?
- •23. Why is it necessary to hold meetings? What types of meetings can you mention? What documents are specially drawn up for the meeting?
- •24. What papers do you need to apply for a job and give a good impression? What are the main types of interviews?
- •25. What does a contract cover? What does it guarantee?
- •26. What types of messages are most commonly used in business?
- •27. What are the stages of business negotiations? What verbal and non-verbal communication skills are required when talking to people in business situations?
- •28. What are some ‘golden rules’ of writing business letters?
- •29. What are the major stages of writing a report? What is the structure of a report?
- •30. How do the customers find out about the range of goods offered by the firm and their prices?
- •32. What does it mean ‘to think marketing’? What does swot mean?
- •33. What aspects of a product do they focus on in marketing?
- •34. What does it mean ‘to position a product’?
- •35. What are advantages and disadvantages of personal selling?
- •36. What are the best strategies in pricing?
- •37. What is a marketing mix?
- •38. What does one get royalties/fees/tips/salary/wages for?
- •39. What is the most typical channel of distribution?
- •40. What are the main stages of a products life-cycle?
- •41. What are the most efficient types of advertising?
- •42. What are the most efficient promotion techniques?
- •43. What is the role of an intermediary (a retailer, a distributor, etc.)?
- •44. What kinds of stores are there in big cities?
- •45. What are the most typical metaphors of culture?
- •46. What is the difference between high and low context culture?
- •47. What is the difference between a stereotype and a cultural generalization?
- •48. What countries belong to high/low context cultures?
37. What is a marketing mix?
Marketing mix is the activities that one has to combine successfully in order to sell. Also known as the Four P's, the marketing mix elements are price, place, product, and promotion (the right product at the right price available through the right channels of distribution: place, presented in the right way: promotion).
Product – are the goods or service that one is marketing. The product is not just a collection of components, but includes its design, quality and reliability. Products have a life-cycle, and forward-thinking companies are continually developing new products to replace products whose sales are declining and coming to the end of their lives. A ‘total product’ includes the image of the product as well as its features and benefits (see below). In marketing terms, political candidates and non-profit-making public services are also ‘products’ that people must persuaded to ‘buy’ and which have to be presented and packaged attractively.
Price makes it easy for the customer to buy. The marketing view of pricing takes account of the value of a product, its quality, the ability of the customer to pay, the volume of sales required, the level of market saturation and the prices charged by the competition. Too low a price can reduce the number of sales just as significantly as too high a price. A low price may increase sales but not as profitably as fixing a high, yet still popular, price. As fixed costs stay fixed whatever the volume of sales, there is usually no such thing as a ‘profit margin’ on any single product.
Place is getting the product to the customer. Decisions have to be made about the channels of distribution and delivery arrangements. Retail products may go through various channels of distribution. Each stage must add ‘value’ to the product to justify the costs: the middle-man is not normally someone who just takes his ‘cut’ but someone whose own sales force and delivery system can make the product more easily and cost-effectively available to the largest number of customers.
Promotion – is presenting the product to the customer. Promotion involves considering the packaging and presentation of the product, its image, the product name, advertising and slogans, brochures, literature, price lists, after-sales service and training, trade exhibitions or fairs, public relations, publicity, and personal selling, where the seller develops a relationship with the customer.
A fifth P which is sometimes added is packaging: all the materials used to protect and present a product before it is sold.
38. What does one get royalties/fees/tips/salary/wages for?
Intellectuals (who use creativity: writers, composers, scientists, designers) get royalties.
Professionals (layers, doctors, and teachers) can get both salaries and fees. Fees are paid to self-employed people.
People-in-service (waiters, hear-dressers, hostesses) get wages, but live mostly on tips.
Salaries are often paid for white-color workers (office workers) monthly.
Wages are paid for blue-color workers (manual workers who use physical strength) weekly.
Military-man and students get allowances.