Mult_choice_Feb2009
.docEXAM IN MICROECONOMICS
(February, 2009)
RETAKE
VARIANT 1
SOLUTIONS
Section 1. Multiple choice questions
You have 60 minutes to do this part of the exam.
Marking scheme: 1 point for a correct answer, -0.25 for a wrong answer, 0 if the answer has not been given.
1. The fundamental reason the production possibilities curve has a downward slope is
workers are inefficient
resources are of low quality
resources are fixed and therefore tradeoffs must be made
it has empirical support but why it is so is still a mystery
companies are reluctant to fully exhaust their resources
2. If Lemonade and Cola are substitutes, a decrease in the price of Lemonade will cause:
the equilibrium price of Cola to increase and the quantity to decrease;
the equilibrium price of Cola to decrease and the quantity to increase;
both the equilibrium price and quantity of Cola to decrease;
both the equilibrium price and quantity of Cola to increase;
none of the above.
3. If the income elasticity of demand for candy bars is 1.5, then candy bars are a ____ good and a 2% decrease in income will cause a______ decrease in the quantity demanded:
normal; 1.333%;
luxury; 3%;
inferior; 3%;
Giffen; 3%
inferior; 1.333%.
4. If the price of watches falls by 3% and the quantity demanded of clocks increases by 2%, then the cross-price elasticity of demand for clocks with respect to the price of watches is ____ and clocks and watches are_______:
1,5; substitutes;
0,67; complements;
-1,5; substitutes;
- 0,67; complements;
none of the above.
5. Under perfect competition, the long run equilibrium occurs where firms:
I. have no motives for entry or exit
II. receive normal profits
III. produce where P=LMC=LAC
I only
II only
III only
I, II and III
I and III only
6. A competitive firm’s profit-maximizing level of output generates a total revenue of $2000. The firm’s costs are as follows: total cost =$4000, total variable cost =$1500. In the short run the firm should:
decrease output
shut down
leave output at its current level
increase output
not enough information to answer the question.
7. If producer surplus is unaffected by the imposition of a per unit tax, this means that:
demand is perfectly inelastic
supply is perfectly elastic
demand is perfectly elastic
supply is perfectly inelastic
either (A) or (B) are true
8. Which of the following is not a feature of the pure monopoly?
downward sloping demand curve
elastic demand at the optimal output level
barriers to entry
profit in the long run
none of the above; all are the features of the pure monopoly.
9. For a perfectly discriminating monopoly, the marginal revenue curve
lies below the demand curve
lies above the demand curve
coincides with the demand curve
crosses the demand curve
there is not enough information to draw a conclusion about the marginal revenue curve and the demand curve
11. What will be an example of monopolistic competition:
OPEC countries
Big steel producers
Restaurants
Small farmers
None of the above
13. To which market structure we can apply a “Prisoner’s Dilemma”
to oligopoly
to any monopoly
to natural monopoly only
to monopolistic competition
to perfect competition
14. In case of monopolistic competition firms have market power because of:
barriers to entry
downward sloping demand curve for each company
downward sloping demand curve for the whole industry
upward sloping supply curve for each company
upward sloping supply curve for the whole industry
16. A payoff matrix is used to show
the payoff to being a monopolist relative to a competitive firm
the demand curve faced by two competing firms
each player’s payoffs in each possible combination of strategies
the sequence of strategies played in a game over time
the different pairings of players in a game
-
Masha: Strategy A
Masha: Strategy B
Sasha: Strategy A
5 5
0 -5
Sasha: Strategy B
10 0
-5 10
17. In the matrix above,
Sasha has a dominant strategy, but Masha does not
Masha has a dominant strategy, but Sasha does not
both Sasha and Masha have the same dominant strategy
neither Sasha nor Masha has a dominant strategy
Sasha and Masha have different dominant strategies
18. In the matrix above, Masha’s best response to a decision by Sasha to play Strategy A is
no existent
to also choose Strategy A
to choose Strategy B
to choose Strategy B if it is a repeated game
to choose the cell in which Masha’s payoff is 10.
19. The “Prisoner’s Dilemma” refers to games where
neither player has a dominant strategy
one player has a dominant strategy and the other does not
both players have a dominant strategy
both players have a dominant strategy which results in the largest possible payoff
both players have a dominant strategy which results in a lower payoff than their dominated strategies
23. If a given production combination is efficient, then it must be
Beyond the production possibilities curve
possible to expand production of one good without lowering the amount of the other
on the production possibilities curve
either an attainable or unattainable point
the best combination out of all possible combinations
24. With perfect competition, market equilibrium is considered efficient because
prices are low
the price consumers pay equals the profit producers receive
no more trades remain that benefit some without harming others
excess supply is positive
excess demand is negative
26. If the slope of the demand curve is zero, the price elasticity of that demand curve will be
0
between -1 and 0
-1
between -1 and -2
- infinity
27. The long run is defined as
one year or more
a period in which all factors of production are variable
the period of time between accounting reports
a period in which only one factor of production is fixed
a period in which at least one factor of production is fixed
28. Which of the following is most likely to be a fixed factor of production at a university?
the number of personal computers
the number of books in the library
the number of professors and lecturers
the amount of chalk (or markers)
the number of lecture halls
29. Which of the following is most likely to be a variable factor of production at a university?
the number of administrative staff and assistants
the size and number of the athletic facilities
the university brand
the location of the university
the number and size of university buildings
30. In general, if the price of a fixed factor of production increases,
total costs are unchanged
price rises
marginal costs are unchanged
marginal costs increase
the profit maximizing level of output falls
Questions 32 through 35 refer to the graph below:
32. When the demand is P1=$7, what is the profit maximizing output?
475
400
300
250
150
33. When the demand is P1=$7, what is the total cost?
$960
$1200
$1500
$1600
$1800
34. When the demand is P1=$7, how much profit (loss) this producer is making?
$800
$900
$1300
$1600
$2400
35. When the demand is P3=$1, this firm should____________
continue to operate in the short run and think about shutting down in the long run
discontinue operation in the short run since there is a loss when operating
keep operating as long as the loss is not greater than total cost
discontinue operation in the short run since average variable cost is greater than price
discontinue operation in the short run since average total cost is greater than price.
36. Normal profits occur when
accounting profits are zero
economic profits are positive
accounting profits are positive and economic profits are negative
economic profits are zero
total revenues are greater than explicit and implicit costs
37. Assume the supply curve is of normal shape. If a per unit tax is imposed, the more elastic demand is, the
less likely the deadweight loss will be affected
smaller the deadweight loss
larger the deadweight loss to consumers
smaller the deadweight loss to producers
larger the deadweight loss
38. If demand is perfectly price elastic
the burden of a tax is shared equally
the burden of a tax falls entirely on the seller
the burden of a tax falls entirely on the buyer
the burden of a tax will depend on the legal assignment of duty to pay
deadweight loss will be infinite
39. If you were to open a business in an industry that is approximately perfectly competitive, you would expect that
you would earn little or no profit in the short run, but higher profits eventually
your competition would respond to your entry into the industry by aggressively advertising
you would earn zero economic profits in the short run, and zero accounting profits in the long run
in the long run you would earn zero economic profits and zero accounting profits.
in the long run you would earn zero economic profits and positive accounting profits.
40. Economic rent is
the amount you pay to rent an apartment in a free market
the payment made to suppliers of an input
what a landowner receives from farmers
the difference between the payment made to the supplier of an input and the supplier’s reservation price
the same as the input supplier’s reservation price
41. The common feature in pure monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition is
the absence of close substitutes
barriers to entry
interdependent decision making by firms
price discrimination
downward sloping demand
42. Suppose a competitive firm and a monopolist are both charging $5 for their respective outputs. One can infer that
marginal revenue is $5 for both firms
marginal revenue is $5 for the competitive firm and less than $5 for the monopolist
marginal revenue is less that $5 for both firms
the competitive firm is charging too much and the monopolist too little
both firms are earning profits
43. A firm is most likely to experience economies of scale if it has _________ start up costs and __________ marginal costs.
high; increasing
high; low
low; high
low; decreasing
decreasing; increasing
44. Economies of scale exist when
constant returns to scale are present
input prices are falling
average costs fall as the scale of production grows
a 10% increase in all inputs causes a 9% increase in output
firms become extremely large.
45. A firm that emerges as the only seller in an industry with economies of scale is termed a(n)
cartel
oligopoly
monopsony
natural monopoly
either (A) or (D)
46. If a monopolist finds that its marginal revenue exceeds its marginal costs at the current level of output, it should
do nothing; it has maximized profits
contract production and raise price
expand output while keeping price constant
expand output and reduce price
set price equal to marginal cost
47. The profit maximizing rule MR=MC applies to
all firms
monopolists only
perfect competitors only
all firms except perfect competitors
all firms except oligopolists
48. When a monopolist sells additional units,
total revenues always rise
marginal revenues are constant
total revenues always fall
marginal revenues rise
total revenues may rise, fall, or remain unchanged
49. Price discrimination means charging
the same consumers the same price
different prices to different consumers because production costs are different
the same price to all consumers because production costs are different
different prices to different consumers when production costs are the same
higher prices to consumers with lower incomes
50. Patents and copyrights, which confer market power, exist to
protect the consumer from low quality imitations
ensure excessive profits to holders
protect and encourage research, development and creative expression
reduce competition in all sectors of the economy
magnify the dominance of large firms