3.3. Грамматические упражнения

3.3.1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод сложного подлежащего с инфинитивом. При переводе используйте модель

		is considered						Считается
Processor		proves		to be one of the most important parts of any computer.			=	Оказывается		,(что) процессор является одной из важнейших составляющих компьютера.
is likely						Вероятно
1	Over 300,000 people prove to suffer from wearisome and monotonous work on the computer.
2	The first digital computer is considered to be built in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania.
3	Hardware is known to include the computer itself and all other related physical devices.
4	The language barrier is likely to be the most difficulty hurdles facing multinational companies.
5	CAD (computer-aided design) is expected to create models in three dimensions.
6	The first microcomputer without any keyboard or screen was found to be built in 1975 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in a garage.
7	This model of the keyboard is sure to find wide application among “lefties”.
8	Some viruses, known as Trojan horses, are believed to act like a legitimate piece of software when first used.
9	Our life seems to be quite impossible without computers.
10	In this program data processing proved to be the most difficult process.

3.4. Тексты

3.4.1. Прочитайте и переведите текст устно

In search of the real bill gates. Part 2. By Walter Isaakson.

His best friend was Kent Evans, son of a minister. “We read together and were going to conquer the world,” says Gates. Together with Paul Allen, they formed the official-sounding Lakeside Programmers Group and got a job writing a payroll system for a local firm. “OK, but I’m in charge,” Gates told them, “and I’ll get used to being in charge, and it’ll be hard to deal with me from now on unless I’m in charge.” He was right.

To relieve the pressures of programming, Evans took up mountain climbing. One day Gates got a call: Evans had been killed in a fall. “I had never thought of people dying,” Gates says. “For two weeks I couldn’t do anything at all. And I still remember his phone number.”

After that he became even closer to Paul Allen. They learned an artificial-intelligence language together and found odd jobs as programmers. It was a real partnership and intense relationship: Gates the workaholic code writer and competitor, Allen the dreamy visionary.

Over the years they had ferocious fights, and Allen quit the company and became estranged. But Gates worked hard to repair the relationship and now Allen is one of American’s biggest high-tech venture-capital investors.

Gates met Melinda French about ten years ago at Microsoft press event in Manhattan. She was working for the company and later became one of the executives in charge of interactive content. Their daughter Jennifer was born last April. Melinda, 32, is no longer at Microsoft, and she is active in charity work. She got a graduate degree in business and she is an undergraduate student of computer science. Like Gates, she is smart and independent. Like his mother, she is also friendly and social, with an easy manner of organizing trips and activities. But she zealously guards her privacy and doesn’t give interviews.

When Gates decided to propose to Melinda in 1993, he secretly diverted the chartered plane they were taking home from Palm Springs one Sunday night to land in Omaha. There, his friend Buffet met them, arranged to open a jewelry store and helped them pick a ring.

Gates is ambivalent about his celebrity. He is comfortable as a public figure and as the personification of the company he built. There is a relaxed, non-hierarchical atmosphere as the seven young managers of the “WebDVD” group, all in the standard winter uniform, gather in the windowless conference room near Gates’ office. No one seems to be showing off or competing for attention, but neither do any hesitate to speak up or challenge Gates. Gates doesn’t address anyone by name, hand out praise or stroke any egos. But he listens intently, democratically. His famous temper is in check, even when he disagrees with someone’s analysis. “They are every bit as competitive as I am,” Gates says. “We win because we hire the smartest people. We improve our products until they are the best.” Gates is enjoying this. Intellectual challenges are fun. Games are fun. Puzzles are fun. Working with smart people is super fun. Others can see them as ruthless, cold or brutal; but for him the competition is like a sport, a blood sport perhaps, but one played with relish.

His office is rather modest, sparsely decorated and filled with standard-issue furniture. The biggest piece of art is a huge photo of a Pentium processor chip. There are smaller pictures of Einstein, Leonardo da Vinci and Henry Ford, though he admits he has little admiration for the latter.

He hopes to be running Microsoft for another 10 years, he says, then promises to focus intensely on giving his money away. He says he plans to leave his children about $10 million each. Especially since Jennifer’s birth, friends say, he has begun to reflect more on his life. He admits the joy of raising his daughter “goes beyond analytic description”.

He has also become less enamored with pure intelligence. “I don’t think that IQ is as fungible as I used to,” he says. “To succeed you also have to know how to make choice and how to think more broadly.”

3.4.1.1. Дайте краткую характеристику Билла Гейтса и выскажите свое к нему отношение.

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3.4.2.Прочитайте текст, расставив знаки препинания в последнем абзаце текста. Переведите текст со словарем устно.

COMPUTER PRIVACY

If you have bought something and given the clerk your name and address, you are listed in a computer database. If you’ve applied for insurance or subscribed a magazine or filled out a warranty card, you are listed in a computer database. It is almost impossible for anyone to avoid having personal information stored in a computer. Businesses collect personal data about current and potential customers to increase sales and reduce credit losses. Most of the time the information can be beneficial. Sometimes, however, sharing or releasing such information can be harmful.

A number of laws have been enacted to guarantee privacy some federal acts forbid the exchange of personal data (data sharing) between government agencies others restrict access to such information to authorized users only loopholes and exclusions however often make these laws virtually ineffective some states have also passed laws dealing with computer crime and privacy.

3.4.2.1. Используя схему, приведенную в упр. 1.4.2.1. (стр.8), запишите устный пересказ текста 3.4.2.

3.4.3. Прочитайте две статьи “Internal Revenue Service”* и “Federal Bureau of Investigation”