I. Master the active vocabulary
a windlass – брашпиль
to restrain – ограничивать
to shackle – приковывать
to raise– поднимать
a notched wheel – храповик
a gear train – зубчатый механизм
an integral gearbox – целостный редуктор
anchor bitt – якорный битс
the Hawse pipe – якорный клюз
pawl – пал
windlass gypsy – турачка
spurling pipe – палубный клюз
bitter end – коренной конец (якорной цепи)
II. Read and translate the following text.
Fig.7 An anchor windlass within the forecastle on the main deck of the sailing ship.
The vertical shaft is rotated by a portion of the capstan above
An anchor windlass is a machine that restrains and manipulates the anchor chain, allowing the anchor to be raised and lowered. A notched wheel engages the links of the chain or the rope. A brake is provided for control and the windlass is usually powered by an electric or hydraulic motor operating via a gear train.
Technically speaking, the term "windlass" refers only to horizontal winches. Horizontal windlasses make use of an integral gearbox and motor assembly, all typically located above-deck, with a horizontal shaft through the unit and wheels for chain on either side.
Horizontal windlasses offer several advantages. The unit tends to be more self contained, protecting the machinery from the corrosive environment found on boats. The dual wheels also allow two anchors on double rollers to be serviced. It tends to be the case that smaller boats use capstans, and larger boats have windlasses, although this is by no means a hard and fast rule.
The anchor is shackled to the Anchor Cable, the cable passes up through the Hawse pipe, through the pawl, over the windlass gypsy down through the "Spurling pipe" to the chain/cable Locker under the forecastle (or poop if at the stern) - the anchor bitts are on a bulkhead in the cable locker and the bitter end of the cable is connected to the bitts using the bitter pin, which should be able to be released from outside the locker to "slip" the anchor. This would occur if the windlass brake has slipped in a storm for example and you have reached "the bitter end".
III. Answer the following questions:
What is an anchor windlass?
What does the term “windlass” refer to?
What advantages do horizontal windlasses offer?
Do horizontal windlasses make use of an integral gearbox and motor assembly?
What do the dual wheels allow?
Where is anchor shackled to?
Where does the cable pass up?
What may occur if the windlass brake has slipped in a storm?
IV. Ask as many questions as possible to the following sentences:
The hydraulically operated brake and pawl allows the anchor to be dropped from the ship’s bridge.
The wheels on either a vertical or horizontal windlass provide for either chain or line to be engaged.
While most windlasses require power, many are manually driven in the same manner as most sailing boats’ winches for sheets.
A devil’s claw is often used on merchant ships.
Windlasses and their power system should be capable of lifting the anchor and all its rode.