2. Answer the questions:

1. What types of lighting are there? What are their functions?

2. Can filmmakers combine different types of lighting?

3. What lighting:

- eliminates shadows?

- creates dramatic horror effects?

- gives a flat image?

- softens the shadows?

- creates silhouettes?

- gives strong shadows?

3. Reading/ Speaking.

Classical Hollywood filmmaking developed the custom of using at least three light sources per shot: key light, fill light, and backlight. Draw a scheme of “three-point lighting” using the following instructions:

The backlight comes from behind and above the figure, the key light comes diagonally from the front, and a fill light comes from a position near the camera. The key will usually be closer to the figure or brighter than the fill. Typically, each major character in a scene will have his or her own key, fill, and backlight. If another actor is added, the key light for one can be altered slightly to form the backlight for the other and vice versa, with a fill light on either side of the camera.

Compare your drawings.

9. Grammar.

a) Complete the sentences using must have or can’t have (for logical assumptions)

Example: The phone tang but I didn’t hear it. (I/ asleep)

I must have been asleep.

Jane walked past me without speaking. (she/ see/ me)

She can’t have seen me.

1. The jacket you bought is very good quality. (it/ very expensive)

2. I haven’t seen the people next door for ages. (they/ go away)

10

3. I can’t find my hat. (I/ leave/ it in the restaurant last night)

4. Don passed the exam without studying for it. (the exam/ very difficult)

5. She knew everything about our plans. (she/ listen to our conversation)

6. Fiona did the opposite of what I asked her to do. (she/ understand what I said)

7. When I woke up this morning, the light was on. (I/ forget/ to turn it off)

8. The lights were red but the car didn’t stop. (the driver/ see/ the red light)

9. I was woken up in the middle of the night by the noise next door. (the neigbours/ have/ a party).

b) ) Complete the sentences using must or can’t (for logical assumptions)

Example: I’m certain lighting becomes a motif in the course of a film

Lighting must become a motif in the course of a film.

I’m sure John didn’t stay late at the office.

John can’t have stayed late at the office.

1. I’m certain he hasn’t arrived yet. He…

2. I’m certain they are working together.

3. I’m sure Amy hasn’t finished her work . Amy …

4. I’m certain the key light was falling on the figures from the left side. The key light…

5. I’m sure he didn’t use two sources of light.

6. I’m sure the director has been looking for locale in which to stage the action.

7. I’m certain they have constructed such a wonderful setting.

8. I’m sure filmmakers often go on location to shoot.

9. I’m certain the producer has been trying to schedule the difficult scenes.

10. I’m sure they hadn’t used miniature buildings to economize.

11. I’m sure the costumes haven’t matched in their colours.

12. I’m certain this actress is wearing a wig.