Тема 5 . Повелительное Наклонение (The Imperative)

Форма повелительного наклонения глагола выражает побуждение к действию, приказание, просьбу, совет.

В побудительных предложениях глагол стоит на первом месте. Утвердительная форма императива совпадает с инфинитивом глагола без частицы to.

Answer the questions, please. Switch on the radio!

Пожалуйста, ответьте на вопросы. Включите радио.

Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола do и частицы not.

Please do not speak so loudly. Don’t go by bus, take a taxi.

Пожалуйста, говорите потише. Не стоит ехать на автобусе, возьми такси.

Для выражения побуждения к действию, обращенного к 1 и 3 лицу, употребляется глагол let, соответствующее личное местоимение в объектном падеже (существительное в общем падеже) и инфинитив глагола без частицы to.

Let us (let’s) go to the country. Let me help you. Let your daughter sing at the party. Let him not do it.

Давай поедем за город. Давай я тебе помогу. Пусть она споет на вечере. Пусть он этого не делает.

Упражнение 39. a) Поставьте предложения в форму повелительного наклонения:

1. Ask Melissa to switch on the light.

2. Ask Tom to introduce you to Nancy.

3. Ask Richard not to open the window.

4. Ask Bet to keep her room clean and tidy.

5. Ask George not to switch on the video recorder.

6. Ask Shannon to buy you a few souvenirs in France.

7. Ask Jill not to turn off the central heating.

8. Ask Alice to cook your favourite dish.

9. Ask Jenny to cross the street carefully.

10. Ask Helen not to speak so loudly.

b) Перефразируйте предложения с помощью глагола “Let”.

1. He would like to have some more coffee.

2. We want to move to another house.

3. Natalie wants to buy a new cabinet for her bedroom.

4. We want to visit our grandparents.

5. My brother wants to learn German.

6. Al would like to marry Kathryn.

7. We would like to introduce you to Mr. Green.

8. We want to read a few books by Irwin Shaw.

9. They want to come to our housewarming party.

10. They want to have an evening out.

Упражнение 40. Переведите на русский язык:

1. Turn left at the flower shop and the bus stop is on your right.

2. – Could you tell me where the nearest bakery is? - It’s over there across the street.

3. Take care, the traffic is always heavy at this time of day.

4. During the rush hour buses are just packed with people!

5. The big problems of city life are pollution, unemployment and crime.

6. I like to do a lot of sightseeing when I go abroad.

7. It’s a dangerous part of the city with shabby houses and narrow streets.

8. Could you give me a ride home? I don’t feel very well today.

9. Don’t lose your way! This residential area is not well planned.

10. The centre of the city is famous for its nightlife.

Упражнение 41. Дополните предложения словами из рамки:

authorities impressive to the country

is famous for bustling give me a lift

in the suburbs take traffic jams

the hairdresser’s traffic

1. The airport is situated far from the centre, it is .…

2. I am in a hurry, I wonder if you could...?

3. The famous Koln cathedral is a high ... building, a fine example of Gothic architecture.

4. The local ... try to develop different branches of industry in the town.

5. The ... is really heavy in Moscow nowadays, people spend a lot of time waiting in ... .

6. Every morning I ... bus 70 to get to work.

7. London ... its places of interest.

8. I’d like to got to ... today. I’d like a new hairstyle.

9. Every weekend the Conrads go ... by car.

10. The windows of my bedroom overlook a ... street.

Упражнение 42. Какие слова соответствуют данным определениям?

1. a large city or the capital city of the country;

2. a shop where medicines are sold;

3. the movement of people or cars along roads and streets;

4. a building where several doctors work and a person can go to get help;

5. a mass of people/cars so close together that movement is difficult;

6. full of work and activity;

7. a place in a city that a lot of tourists visit;

8. a person with no home or job who goes from place to place;

9. a broad main road used by traffic going in both directions with several lines;

10. to make goods for sale.

Упражнение 43. Объясните слова по образцу:

A flower shop – is a place where you can buy flowers

1. the newsagent’s –

2. the baker’s –

3. supermarket –

4. a cinema –

5. disco –

6. a bar –

7. a swimming pool –

8. a library –

9. a health centre –

10. the travel agent’s –

Упражнение 44. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Мы живем в крупном индустриальном городе, поэтому (that’s why) на выходные мы всегда едем загород.

2. В часы пик транспорт переполнен пассажирами.

3. Каждое утро я сажусь на автобус 123, выхожу на второй остановке, перехожу улицу и вхожу в поликлинику, где я работаю.

4. Туристы с удовольствием осматривают достопримечательности нашей столицы.

5. Этот промышленный район известен своим огромным заводом, который производит мебель.

6. Он часто подвозит меня до дома на машине.

7. Зайди в газетный киоск и купи мне журнал “ELLE”, пожалуйста.

8. Жилые районы, расположенные на окраинах города, часто имеют грязные улицы и ветхие дома.

9. На нашей улице есть универсальный магазин, библиотека и книжный.

10. Величественные здания и живописные проспекты находятся в центре города.

Упражнение 45

a) Прочитайте и перескажите текст.

MUNICH, THE CAPITAL OF BAVARIA

Munich, the capital of the state of Bavaria, is the third largest city in West Germany. It has the population of 1.3 million. It is situated at 530 metres above sea level in the very heart of the Bavarian pre-Alps. Some people say Munich was founded in the 8^th century by monks from the Tegernsee Benedectine Monastery. However, the more common view holds that the city was founded in 1158 by Duke Henry the Lion.

Munich is not only a major international tourist center, but also an important industrial town. Six world-famous breweries are situated here, as well as the headquarters of such companies as Siemens and BMW. The capital of Bavaria is also a science and media centre. Almost 300 publishing companies and dozens of film and TV studios are based here. There are also 10 universities and technical colleges and a number of research institutes. Munich is often called a “city of students” with its 100 000 students from Germany and other countries.

Munich is a quite artistic town. There are 45 different theatres from the State Opera House to cabarets, 40 museums including the Deutsche Museum and the Old Art gallery with its collection of world-famous paintings and over 80 other galleries and concert halls. Many of the sights of Munich are located in the city centre. Marienplatz is the heart of the city. There is the magnificent New Town Hall in the square. It was built in the 19^th century. It is crowned with the heraldic figure that symbolizes the town – the Child of Munich. In the tower there is a carillon with 43 bells which ring at 11 o’clock every day. Karlsplatz is another famous square in Munich. It is the start of a large shopping centre with lots of shops and cafes. The largest historical monument in Munich is the Court Residence where Bavarian kings lived. Now it houses different art collections, for example, the State Coin Collection, the State Egyptian Art Collection and the Residential Treasury. The English Gardens is the largest park in the city. It opened in 1792. The park is 5 kilometres long and 1 kilometre wide and has a lot of streams and ponds on its territory. Olympiapark, built for the 1972 Olympic Games, is one of the most impressive places in Munich. There is a 290-metres tall Olympia Tower and lots of sport buildings, a stadium and a swimming pool. Munich is famous for its beer festival that takes place every September and October. It is called the Oktoberfest. The city welcomes about 5 million guests from all over the world who drink litres of famous Bavarian beer, take part in contests and watch traditional processions in which the breweries exhibit their products.

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1 Munich [‘mjunik] - Мюнхен

2 the Alps - Альпы

3 the Tegernsee Benedictine Monastery – Монастырь бенедиктинского ордена на озере Тегернзее

4 Duke Henry the Lion – Герцог Генри Лев

5 brewery – пивоварня

6 headquarters – штаб-квартира, центральный офис

7 research institute – научно-исследовательский институт

8 the Deutsche Museum – Немецкий музей

9 Marienplatz – центральная площадь Мариенплац

10 carillon – куранты, музыкальные часы

11 Court Residence – Королевская Резиденция

12 Treasury - сокровищница

b) К чему в тексте относятся эти цифры?

5 million	45	1792	1.3 million	290
1158	300	6	100 000	530

с) Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. When was Munich founded?

2. Why was Olympiapark built in 1972?

3. What is special about the festival which takes place in September?

4. What art collections are there in the Court Residence?

5. What figure is the symbol of the town?

6. What companies are situated in Munich?

7. How many bells does the carillon in the New Town Hall have?

8. Why is Munich called the “city of students”?

9. How large is the park the English Gardens?

10. Why is Munich a media centre?

d) Расставьте предложения в порядке следования в тексте.

1) The English Gardens is the largest park in the city.

2) Some world-famous companies are based here.

3. There are some research institutes in Munich.

4. The population of Munich is 1.3 mln people.

5. The festival is called the Oktoberfest.

6. The Court Residence houses a lot of art collections.

7. The New Town Hall is situated in Marienplatz.

8. Munich is an artistic town.

9. Karsplatz is another famous square in Munich.

10. Olympiapark was built for the 1972 Olympic Games.