Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the words and phrases listed below.

1. A society is the largest form of... social organization that... of people who live in the same territory, are ... independent of people outside their area and share a common heritage or a common ...

2. The sheer scale and pervasive character of technological... is undeniably one of the distinctive features of the ... societies today.

3. All communities are arranged in a manner that goods, tangible and intangible, symbolic and material are ... Such a distribution is always unequal and necessarily ... power.

4. The impact of the Industrial Revolution was first... in eighteenth- century Britain.

5. Sociologists have developed a classification of societies on the ... of their economic systems. The first category of society... this classification is the pre-industrial society.

6. The process of industrialization produced significant... and had distinctive....

Culture, distributed, involves, basis, innovation, changes, consists, human, experienced, industrialized, according to, consequences, rela­tively.

Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски словами и фразами, перечисленных ниже.

1. Общество является крупнейшим форме ... социальная организация, которая ... людей, которые живут на одной территории, являются ... независимых людей за пределами своей области, и доля общего наследия и общей ...

2.Масштаб и характер распространенных технологических ... , несомненно, одной из отличительных особенностей ... общества сегодня.

3. Все сообщества устроены таким образом, чтобы товары, материальные и нематериальные, символические и материала ... Такое распределение всегда неравные и обязательно ... власти.

4. Влияние промышленной революции был первым ... В Великобритании восемнадцатого века.

5. Социологи разработали классификацию обществ на ... своих экономических систем. К первой категории общества ... эта классификация доиндустриального общества.

6. Процесс индустриализации производства значительных ... и имел отличительный ....

Культуры, распространять, включает в себя, основы, инновации, изменения, состоит человека, опытного, промышленных, по статистике, последствия отношений ¬ ственно.

Контрольная работа № 4 Вариант 2

Exercise 1. Read and translate the following text into Russian in writing.

Social groups

In sociology, a group is usually defined as a number of people who identify and interact with one another. Aspects that members in the group may share include: interests, values, ethnic/linguistic background, roles and kinship.

One way of determining if a collection of people can be considered a group is if individuals who belong to that collection use the self-referent pronoun "we;" using "we" to refer to a collection of people often implies that the collection thinks of itself as a group. Examples of groups include: families, companies, circles of friends, clubs, local chapters of fraternities and sororities, and local religious congregations.

Collections of people that do not use the self-referent pronoun "we" but share certain characteristics (e.g., roles, social functions, etc.) are different from groups in that they usually do not regularly interact with each other nor share similar interests or values. Such collections are referred to as categories of people rather than groups; examples include: police, soldiers, millionaires, women, etc. Individuals form groups for a variety of reasons.

There are some rather obvious ones, like reproduction, protection, trade, and food production. But social categorization of people into groups and categories also facilitates behavior and action.

Social Identity Theory. Social identity is a theory to understand the psychological basis of inter-group discrimination which is composed of three elements:

Categorization: We often put others (and ourselves) into categories. Labeling someone as a Muslim, a Turk, or soccer player are ways of saying other things about these people.