- •Simplicified version! Drugs Affecting the Afferent Innervation
- •Indications:
- •Indications 3 - 6
- •Indication 1
- •Indication 2
- •Indications:
- •(CholinOnegative drugs)
- •Anticholinesterases
- •Muscarinic agonists (m-cholinomimetics)
- •Nicotinic agonists (n-cholinomimetics)
- •Simplicified version
- •(Cholinonegative drugs)
- •Muscarinic antagonists (m-cholinoblockers)
- •Nicotinic antagonists (n-cholinoblockers)
- •Ganglion-blocking drugs
- •Neuromuscular blocking drugs (myorelaxants)
- •Simplicified version
- •(Adrenopositive drugs)
- •Indirect adrenomimetics
- •Direct adrenomimetics
- •Mixed action Adrenomimetics
- •Alfa-adrenomimetics
- •Beta-adrenomimetics
- •Simplicified version
- •(Adrenonegative drugs)
- •Sympatholytics
- •Alfa-adrenoblockers
- •Beta-adrenoblockers
- •General anesthetics
- •Analgesic drugs
- •Hypnotic drugs
- •Antiepileptic drugs (anticonvulsants)
- •Sedative drugs
- •Anxyolytics (antianxiety drugs, tranquillizers)
- •Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)
- •Analeptics
Alfa-adrenomimetics
List of drugs
α1, α2- adrenomimetics: Norepinephrine bitartrate
α1- adrenomimetics: phenylephrine hydrochloride
α2- adrenomimetics: naphazoline hydrochloride
Mechanism of action
Phenylephrine produces direct stimulation of α1-adrenoreceptors.
Naphazoline produces direct stimulation of α2-adrenoreceptors
Pharmacological effects:
for phenylephrine:
Type of receptors |
Organ |
Effect |
Stimulation of α1- adrenoreceptors |
Eye |
Dilation of pupil (midriasis) |
Blood vessels |
Constriction (due to contraction of smooth muscles of blood vessels) |
for naphazoline:
Type of receptors |
Organ |
Effect |
Stimulation of α2- adrenoreceptors |
Blood vessels |
Constriction (due to contraction of smooth muscles of blood vessels) |
Indications
Acute hypotension (circulatory collapse) – relieving
Phenylephrine → stimulation of α1-adrenoreceptors → constriction of blood vessels → increasing of arterial pressure
Rhinitis
Naphazoline → stimulation of α2-adrenoreceptors → constriction of blood vessels → decreasing of running nose
Beta-adrenomimetics
List of drugs
β1, β2- adrenomimetics: isoprenaline sulfate
β1- adrenomimetics: dobutamine hydrochloride
β2- adrenomimetics: fenoterol, salbutamol
Mechanism of action
Isoprenaline sulfate produces direct stimulation of β1, β2- adrenoreceptors.
Dobutamine produces direct stimulation of β1- adrenoreceptors.
Fenoterol, salbutamol produce direct stimulation of β2- adrenoreceptors
Pharmacological effects:
for isopreneline:
Type of receptors |
Organ |
Effect |
Stimulation of β1- adrenoreceptors |
Heart |
Increasing of heart rate, heart contractility, heart conductance and heart excitability |
Stimulation of β2- adrenoreceptors |
Bronchi |
Dilation (due to relaxation of smooth muscles of bronchi) |
Uterus |
Relaxation (due to relaxation of smooth muscles of uterus) |
|
Mast cells |
Inhibition of degranulation (i.e. inhibition of releasing of histamine from mast cells) |
for dobutamine:
Type of receptors |
Organ |
Effect |
Stimulation of β1- adrenoreceptors |
Heart |
Increasing of heart rate, heart contractility, heart conductance and heart excitability |
for fenoterol, salbutamol:
Type of receptors |
Organ |
Effect |
Stimulation of β2- adrenoreceptors |
Bronchi |
Dilation (due to relaxation of smooth muscles of bronchi) |
Uterus |
Relaxation (due to relaxation of smooth muscles of uterus) |
|
Mast cells |
Inhibition of degranulation (i.e. inhibition of releasing of histamine from mast cells) |
Indications
Acute heart failure
Dobutamine → stimulation of β1- adrenoreceptors → increasing of heart rate, heart contractility, heart conductance and heart excitability → relieving of acute heart failure
Bronchospasm (prophylaxy and relieving)
Isopreneline, Fenoterol, Salbutamol → stimulation of β2- adrenoreceptors → dilation of bronchi → prophylaxy and relieving of bronchospasm
Relaxation of uterus to prevent preterm labor (delivery) of child.
Isopreneline, Fenoterol, Salbutamol → stimulation of β2- adrenoreceptors → relaxation of uterus → prevention of preterm labor (delivery) of child.