- •Words and word combinations
- •Exercises
- •I. Write out the scientific terms from the text and give their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the Predicates.
- •III. Translate the sentences with the Passive Constructions.
- •Text 2 the properties of the engineering materials (Part I)
- •Words and word combinations
- •(Part II)
- •Exercises
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents: 1-7 (Part 1), 8- (Part 2).
- •II. Write out the words from the text:
- •III. Group the following words according to
- •Text 3 characteristics of metals
- •Exercises
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Underline the Predicates and state their Tenses and Voices. Translate into Ukrainian.
- •III. Make up 4 sentences with the following words: alloys, ferrous, non-ferrous, metals .
- •Iron, the master metal
- •Words and word combinations
- •Exercises
- •I. Add the missing words from the list.
- •II. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Passive Voice.
- •III. Choose the end of the sentences.
- •IV. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the Modal Verbs and their equivalents.
- •Text 5 aluminium
- •Words and word combinations
- •Exercises
- •I. Answer the questions in written form and make up a dialogue using some of them.
- •II. Translate into Ukrainian in written form. Consult various kinds of dictionaries. Metal Fatigue
- •(Part I) copper, tin, bronze
- •Words and word combinations
- •(Part II) lead, solder, zink
- •Words and word combinations
- •Exercises
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents 1- 5 (Part I), 6 – 10 (Part II).
- •II. State the part of speech of the words in the brackets. Fill the blanks with proper words.
- •III. Interpret the meaning of the following correlated terms and use 5 of them in the sentences of your own:
- •IV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the polysemy of the words in bold type.
- •Text 7 metal joints
- •Exercises
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •II. Insert the missing words.
- •III. From what part of speech were these words converted?
- •Text 8 computer-aided design (cad) drawing
- •Words and word combinations
- •Exercises
- •I. Find the accordance to the following abbreviations and translate them.
- •II. Give the full names to the following shortened words:
- •III. Find the Infinitive and state its function.
- •Turning, drilling and boring machines
- •Words and word combinations
- •Exercises
- •II. Give the English equivalents.
- •III. Speak about machine tools according to the plan.
- •Text 10 the lathe
- •Words and word combinations
- •Exercises
- •I. Find the Gerund and state its function.
- •II. Explain the meaning of the international prefixes. Give the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •Text 11 lathe tools
- •Words and word combinations
- •Exercises
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •II. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the numerals.
- •III. Make up a dialogue using the questions to Text 9. Text 12 m odern machine tools
- •Exercises
- •II. Underline the converted terms.
- •III. Guess the meaning of the words analyzing their components.
- •Text 13 semi-automatic machine tool
- •Exercises
- •II. Make up sentences with the following words:
- •III. Translate the sentences with acronyms.
- •Text 14 parts of machine tools
- •Exercises
- •II. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the meaning the word “one” and define its function.
- •III. Open the brackets using the verbs in proper tenses. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Text 15 automatic control
- •Exercises
- •II. Insert the missing words.
- •Information to manufacture automatic machine
- •Text 16 production-line robots
- •Exercises
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •II. Make up 6 questions of all types to the text.
- •III. Compose a dialogue using Text 15-16 and Exercise II.
Text 3 characteristics of metals
Metals have different characteristics and these characteristics are called properties. Selecting a metal which is to be used in a metal product an engineer must know about various metals and their mechanical properties. There are some characteristics common to all metals. We find, for example, metals are good conductors of electricity and heat, that is why copper and aluminium are widely used for cables. There are some mechanical properties of metals which determine their usefulness in the industries.
They are the following: strength (that is, the ability to carry a load); elasticity (i.e. the ability to deform under load and return to the original shape when the load is removed) and many others.
The mechanical properties of metals must be taken into consideration when selecting the material a part is made of.
All metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous. Ferrous metals are metals and alloys the main component of which is iron.
Non-ferrous are metals and alloys the main component of which is not iron but some other element such as copper, aluminium and others.
Some of their characteristics are: high electric and heat conductivity, high corrosion resistance, non-magnetic qualities, light weight and easiness to fabrication.
Zink, copper and lead sulphides, aluminium and tin oxides, magnesium carbonate and chloride, are the naturally occuring minerals from which these metals are extracted.
Exercises
I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
1. |
copper |
|
2. |
aluminium |
|
3. |
ferrous |
|
4. |
non-ferrous |
|
5. |
alloys |
|
6. |
fabrication |
|
7. |
lead sulphides |
|
8. |
tin oxides |
|
9. |
magnesium carbonate and chloride |
|
II. Underline the Predicates and state their Tenses and Voices. Translate into Ukrainian.
1. Materials are often combined and changed in order to create certain performance characteristics.
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2. Heating metal and plastic is one way to change their nature.
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3. Metals can be hardened, tempered and annealed at very high temperatures.
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4. Material once softened can be bent in an anvil.
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5. Materials can also be reformed by pressing and casting.
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6. When heated, metals will melt.
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7. The liquid metal can be poured into a mould.
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