Grammar exercises. Ex. 1. Find the predicates and analyze them. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. A great many experimental models had been tested by the Soviet engineer Bernstein before the first tidal power station was built in the Kislaya Bay in the Barents Sea in 1968.

2. Dubna is the “peaceful atom” town where a large international group of physicists is constantly researching new nuclear particles.

3. Multipurpose computers capable of performing more than million operations per second have already been designed and are widely used at all power generating enterprises.

4. The International Scientific Forum on Energy held in Moscow in 1988 discussed the problems connected with the production and consumption of fuel and energy in the 21-st century.

5. It was Einstein who came to the conclusion that the electromagnetic field is influenced by the gravitational field.

6. Great English scientist J. Thomson explored the mysterious phenomena associated with the conduction of electricity through gas.

7. The Sun and the stars are able to produce great quantities of energy due to the nuclear reactions which take place there.

8. Although the cost of solar cells used for power generation has dropped greatly for the past 15 years however the power they generate is still not as cheap, as that of coal-burning plants.

9. The scientists’ interest in the Sun is only natural: an understanding of the processes occurring on this planet will perhaps provide a key to cognising the Universe and will enrich science and practice.

10. A simple and inexpensive solar energy “trap” developed by the Kvant (Quantum) Research and Production Association uses up to 50 per cent of solar energy to heat water.

11. A nuclear reactor of 100 000 kilowatt capacity consumes 200 grams of uranium daily.

Ex. 2. Analyze the sentences with “should” and “would” and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Mankind would receive a practically inexhaustible source of energy if the process of fusion could be reproduced on the Earth.

2. Academician Kurchatov was especially interested in the problem of mastering controlled thermonuclear reactions and he declared that the second half of the 20-th century would be the era of thermonuclear energy.

3. The steam generator is designed so that the steam generating process should be entirely automatic.

4. It should be noted that the generation of electricity by conventional processes is highly uneconomic.

5. Should a permanent magnet be moved in and out of a coil of wire, both the magnet and the coil would be used as a simple electric generator.

6. Mendeleyev predicted that the missing elements would be found and would fill the blanks of his table.

7. It shouldn't be forgotten that in the main electric transmission lines we lose about 10 per cent of the transmitted electric energy.

8. If we could manage to make use of only 5 per cent of solar energy falling on a tenth of all the deserts in our country then we should obtain some four billion kilowatts of energy.

Ex. 3. State the functions of the Participle I and translate the sentences.

1. Using silicon elements it is possible to convert solar energy directly into electricity with 17 per cent efficiency.

2. Heliocomplexes being built in Kara-Kum desert will be pumping water out of the wells and deliver it to the homes and hothouses.

3. Having built solar hothouses the Ashkhabad state farm began to grow even such warmth-liking citrus fruits as lemons.

4. Sweden is planning to close down the nuclear plants it has by the year of 2010.

5. The Soviet automatic interplanetary stations Venera-13 and -14 having made a soft landing on Venus' surface, the scientists received a great number of interesting data from different districts of Venus.

6. Having been invented by Yablochkov the electric lamp became known under the name of “Russian candle”.

7. This mobile electric station was modernized last year, its capacity rising by 25 per cent.

8. The use of solar energy in agriculture is one of the major tasks being tackled by the Solntse (Sun) Scientific Production Association of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences.

9. Being produced by the laser the narrow intense beam travels great distances without spreading.